人教版新目标七年级英语(下册)重点词汇和语法知识(共7页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版新目标七年级英语（下册）重点词汇知识Unit 1 1.*Australia n.澳洲; 澳大利亚*Australian n./ adj.澳大利亚人 / 澳大利亚（人）的2. country n. 国家；农村，乡下in the country 在乡下3. live v.居住4. *language n.语言5. dislike v.讨厌;不喜欢;n.反感;厌恶(的对象)Unit 2 1. *restaurant n.餐馆;饭店2. *supermarket n.超级市场3. pay 付钱;支付pay for sth. 为付款pay to sb. for sth.为向某人付款pay back偿还pay off偿清债务等pay phone n.投币式公用电话4. *avenue n.大街;林荫道5. there adv. 在那儿；那里there be.+介词短语（某地或某时有某物，表示存在）6. near prep.在-附近7. across prep.横过;在对面go/ walk across从表面横过across from 在-对面8. next to 紧靠-的旁边;贴近;最接近9. between 介于(两者)之间10. in front of 在-前面11. behind 在-之后12. fall behind落于之后13. *neighborhood n.附近;街区;附近地区14. *straight adv.一直;直接go/ walk straight (to)朝着直走15. left adv.n.向左;左边16. right adv.n.向右;右边on the left/ right (side of) 在（的）左/右边17. down adv.prep.向下;下去;沿着go down沿往下走；下降，降（价）turn down调低（音量），拒绝某人/某事break down 出故障；弄坏；失败18. *district n.区域;地方19. enjoy v.享受-的乐趣;欣赏 enjoy (doing) sth.喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快 （=have a good time, have fun）20. through v.穿过; 通过go/ get through通过, 经由get through接通（电话）look through彻底检查；翻阅21. have fun 玩得开心have fun doing sth. 22. arrive vi.到达;抵达arrive in/ at到达23. pass v. 通过; 递pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.递给某人pass away 去世；过世24. hope v.希望;盼望;期待 +（to do）sth. / that从句Unit 3 1. cute adj.可爱的;聪明的2. smart adj.聪明的;漂亮的3. *animal n.动物4. south n.南;南方; adj.在南方的;南部的;向南的southern adj. 南部的north northerneast easternwest western5. during prep在-期间6. at night 在晚上; 在夜里on the night of在的夜里7. relax v.放松;休息 relaxing adj. 令人放松的；轻松地relaxed adj. 放松的；感觉轻松的Unit 4 1. *assistant 助手;助理2. *reporter 记者;通讯员3. *policeman 男警察4. waiter 侍者;服务员 5. waitress 女服务员；女招待员6. *policewoman女警官;女警察7. give 给;授予8. *uniform n.制服9. sometimes adv.不时;有时10. in prep.在-期间；在(一段时间)之内；用（语言）；在方面；以形式/状态11. *dangerous adj.危险的12. late adv.晚;晚于通常时间lately adv. 近来；最近13. *magazine n.杂志;期刊14. news n.新闻;消息(不可数)15. *international adj.国际的Unit 5 1. *apartment n.公寓;住宅2. sure adv.当然; 的确be sure+ that从句：确信；肯定be sure of + sth. 确信；肯定make sure （+ that从句）确认；确定3. wait v.等待;等候wait for 等候;等待wait to do等着做4. *activity n.活动(act, active, actively, action)Unit 6 1. rain v.下雨 rainy adj. 下雨的，多雨的windy adj.有风的;多风的cloudy adj.多云的;阴天的sunny adj.阳光充足的snowy adj.下雪的，多雪的foggy adj. 有雾的，多雾的2. weather n.天气;气候3. cook v.烹调;煮 n.厨师4. study v.学习5. hows = how is 6. bad adj.坏的;劣质的7. terrible adj.很糟的;极坏的;可怕的8. pretty adv.相当;很;颇9. hot adj.热的10. cold adj.寒冷的11. cool adj.凉爽的12. warm adj.温暖的;暧和的13. humid adj.潮湿的;湿润的14. on vacation 在度假中15. take a photo 拍照16. lie v.(现在分词lying) 平卧; 躺；撒谎lie (lay, lain) 平躺，卧lie (lied, lied) 存在；位于；撒谎lay (laid, laid) 产下；放置17. surprised adj.感到惊讶的18. surprising adj. 令人惊奇/惊讶的19. winter n.冬季20. spring n.春季；泉；泉水21. summer n.夏季22. autumn n.秋季（= fall）23. have a good time 玩得高兴;过得快乐= have fun, enjoy oneselfReview of units 1-61. describe v.描述;形容2. talk about 谈论;讨论;议论3. direction n.方向in this/ that/ the direction朝着.方向4. more adv.& adj.& pron. (many和much的比较级) 更；更多（的）5. most adv. & adj. & pron.(many和much的最高级) 最；最多（的）6. *following adj.下列的;下述的7. in order to 为了in order +that 从句8. *improve v. 改进;改善Unit 7 1. curly adj.卷曲的;卷毛的2. straight adj.直的;笔直的 go straight to直直地走向3. tall adj.高的4. medium adj.中等的medium height 中等身高5. thin adj.瘦的；薄的thick adj. 厚的、浓的6. heavy adj.重的 heavily adv. 7. like prep.像;如同 be like 象 look like 看起来像8. always adv.总是;始终9. popular adj.受欢迎的;通俗的;流行的 be popular with受欢迎10. blonde adj.金黄色的11. good-looking adj.漂亮的；好看的12. a little bit一点儿;少许13. never adv.决不;从不14. stop v.停止;终止 stop (doing) sth. 停止（做）某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事15. remember v.牢记;记住 remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过16. singer n.歌唱家;歌手17. notany more (= no more)不再18. not any longer(=no longer) He doesnt sing any more/anylonger after the accident. (=He no longer sings after the accident.)19. say v.讲（+说话的内容）tell vt. 告知；讲（故事、笑话等）speak 说（语言）；speak to对说话、演讲talk (相互)交谈 （+to/ with）Unit 8 1. would modal v.(will的过去式)表示意愿Id = I would would like (to do) sth.想要（做），愿意Id like= I would like2. special n.特色菜3. large adj.大的;宽广的4. *dumpling n.饺子5. *porridge n.粥;糊6. fish n.鱼;鱼肉 v.钓鱼；捕鱼 go fishing7. reason n.原因;理由 Whats the reason for (doing) sth. Whats the reason for your being late? 你吃到的原因是什么？ The reason + why引导的定语从句 The reason why he was late is that he didnt catch the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车。Unit 9 1. was v. (am, is的过去式)2. did v. (do的过去式)3. went v.(go的过去式)4. visit v.拜访;访问 visitor n. 参观者，访问者5. test n.考试;测验；检测 have a test on对进行检测6. What about (doing)? .怎么样?= how about7. stay v.停留;留下;保持stay at home呆在家里stay healthy/ calm/ still保持健康/冷静/静止不动8. do some reading/ shopping/ cleaning 阅读/购物/打扫卫生9. practice v.练习;实践+（doing）sth.10. regular adj.正常的;规则的;有规律的 regularly adv. 有规律地irregular adj.不规则的;无规律的11. present adj.现在时态的;现在的;目前的 at present目前12. past adj.过去的in the past few days/ weeks/ months.在刚刚过去的几天/几星期/几个月13. *geography n.地理学14. spend v.度过;花费 spend (+time) doing sth. spend (+money) on sth. spend (+time & money) +in doing sth.15. middle school 中学16. talk show 访谈节目17. wrote v.(write的过去式)18. go for a walk 去散步19. It is time to 该是-的时候了20. suggest vt. 建议 suggest (doing) sth. suggest (建议) + that 从句（从句谓语动词用do或者should do）He suggested that we (should) stay calm.suggest (表明)+that从句(从句用陈述语气)Things suggested that we would lose a good chance.*suggestion n.建议;意见Unit 101. camp n.野营;营地 go camping去宿营2. center n.中心，中央central adj.中心的;位于中心的3. didnt = did not4. fantastic adj.极好的5. unfriendly adj.不友善的;不友好的6. awful adj.极坏的;极讨厌的7. delicious adj.美味的8. expensive adj.昂贵的;价高的9. crowded adj.拥挤的10. cheap adj.廉价的;便宜的11. think of 思考;考虑12. make v.使; 促使; 迫使；制造；制作 make sb./ sth. do使做13. decide v.决定;下决心 decide (not) to do决定（不）做 decision n.决定 make a decision about决定做14. the Palace Museum 故宫15. discuss v.讨论;议论Unit 11 1. *situation n.情景;形势2. stand v.忍受3. mind v.介意 mind (doing) sth.介意（做）某事 Do you mind my smoking here?4. in fact 实际上;其实;确切地说= as a matter of fact5. agree vi. 赞同agree with sb.同意某人的看法= agree to + sb.s advice/ opinion/ ideaagree on + sth.达成一致6. by prep.由;被7. *fashion n.时尚;潮流 fashionable adj. 时尚的8. put v.放;摆;装 put away 收拾、整理；收好put down放下；几下；让下车put into译成；变成put on穿/戴上（衣帽鞋等） put off（doing sth.）推迟 put out扑灭 put up搭起，支起；举起；张贴 put up with忍受；忍耐 put forward提出（建议，计划等）Unit 12 1. *hallway n.走廊;过道2. fight v.打架;争吵fight with与打斗/斗争；与并肩战斗fight against对抗；反抗3. outside adj.外面的;在外部的 inside adj. 在里面4. have to 不得不;必须（客观）must 必须（主观）5. else adj.adv.其他的;别的;另外的（放在被修饰的单词后面）sth. else6. *accessory n.配件;饰品7. opinion n.意见;看法 in ones opinion以某人之见人教版新目标七年级英语下册语法1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用 名词所有格的形式，意为"的"。一般有以下几种形式： 1）一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 2）复数名词以s结尾的，只加""。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 3）如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 4）表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。 1）祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 2）祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思， 肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。 意为 "某地有某人或某物"。be的形式与它后面的单词一致（就近一致）。如： There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. -Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ -Yes, there is. 有。 -Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ -No, there aren't. 没有。 3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . -How many students are there in the class- room? -There's only one. / There are nine. 3. 动词doinglike doingenjoy doingforget doingfinish doingfind sb doing sth have fun doing sth regret doing stop doingremember doingpractice doing Thanks for doing What about / How about doing be busy doing sth mind doing sth have fun/ trouble/ difficulty (in )doingspend +时间+(in) doing 4. 动词（+sb.） + do（原形）Watch sb do sth help sb do sth make sb do sth let's do sth 5. 动词+ to do decide to dotell sb to do sth want to do sth decide to do sth have to do sth write to sb It's time to do sth stop to do remember to dolike to do sth regret to do forget to do would like to do sth remember to do sthhope to do advise sb. to dowish to dowish sb. to do 其他知识点1. some与any的区别: some用于肯定句和委婉的问句any 用于否定句和问句any用于肯定句时意为“任何的” E.g: I'd like some dumplings.Do you have any brothers? Would you like some noodles?2. at, in, on 在时间用法上的区别 on 表示时间时，一般用于某日、某天的上午、下午、晚上 on Saturday, on Sunday morning in 用于表示一段时间或季节（月分、年） in September, in Summer, in 2004 at 表示时刻或某一时间点 at ten o'clock, at noon（在正午）3. also, too, either的区别 also也。用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句中； too 多用于肯定句和疑问句末尾； either 用于否定句末尾。 I also like mutton.（=I like mutton,too.） Will they also come? (= Will they come, too?) I dont know much about him, either.(=I alsodont know much about him.)4. other adj./ pron. 别的，另外的。 other 指代单数或者修饰单数名词时，前面必须用the（the other=the other +单数名词），指两者中的另一个。others = other +复数, 别的一些人或物the others = the other + 复数, 指余下的所有人或物 another (+单数), 又一个，再一个another + 基数词 + 复数，再一些，又一些 Would you like another cake? I need another ten boys to do the work.5. 动词时态： 一般现在时：表示现在时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 1) 连系动词be：是，在；处于(状态) I用am，you用are， Is紧跟他、她、它(he, she, it);单数名(词)代(词)(I, you除外)用is, 复数形式全用are。be+not否定句, be放主语前疑问句；若有some变any, 灵活运用要牢记。专心-专注-专业2) 实义动词：行为动词和联系动词（be除外）主 语肯定句否定句疑问句第三人称单数主语 + v.(第三人称单数)主语+does not + v.(原形)does+主语+ v.(原形)I, you和 复 数主语+v.(原形)主语+dont + v.(原形)do+主语+v.(原形).例如：He speaks French well.He doesnt speak French well.Does he speak French well?How does he speak French?I /You /They like sports.I /You / They dont like sports.Do you / they like sports?What sport do you /they like best?How do the kids know my name? 3） 用法： a. 表示现在时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。常常接often, always, usually, sometimes, sedom, every day, every week, every three days 等做状语。 He gets up early every morning. b. 表示主语的能力、性质、身份、特征等。 He sings well. I teach English. c. 表示按固定的时间安排将要发生的动作。 Our plane takes off at 10:30.我们的飞机将在10点半起飞。一般过去时：表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态 1) 连系动词be:一单、三单用was, you和复数用were；was / were+not变否定，was，were提(到主语)前变疑问。 2) 实义动词：行为动词和联系动词(be除外)肯定句否定句疑问句动词形式主 语 +动词过去式主语+ did +not+动词原形Did+主语+动词原形 He / I / They / You played tennis yesterday.He/ I / They / did not play tennis yesterday.Did you/ he/ they play tennis yesterday?What did you / he / they play yesterday? 3)用法： a. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。 I often went swimming in the river when I was young. b. 表示过去的状态： There were a lot of animals in this forestthirty years ago.Tom was ill yesterday. c. 表示过去一次性的动作。 He washed his clothes last weekend. Im sorry I didnt find you here. d. 表示过去连续发生的动作。 He got up early and went fishing with his father.He helped mom cook the breakfast and then went to school. e. 表示过去的习惯： I used to swim in this river but now it is badly polluted. Father would teach me how to fish when I was young. He was always the first to get to school when studying here.6. 动词的基本形式： 单数第三人称的构成规则：1) 直接加-s: moves, likes, wins, swims2) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加-es. trytries, studystudies, worryworries 3) 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾的，加-es. passes, fixes, catches, pushes, does, goes 4) beis 过去式和过去分词的构成规则 1) 直接加-ed. boiled, fooled, learned, owned, 2) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i再加-ed. trytried, studystudied, 3）以 “e”结尾的，加-d: lived, moved, liked, fired, 4）以闭音节结尾而且词末只有一个辅音字母的，双写词末的辅音字母再加-ed. stopped, spotted, slapped(掌掴) 5）不规则动词（略） 现在分词构成规则 1) 直接加-ing: fishing, doing, cooking, 2) 以不发音的“e”结尾的，去“e”加-ing: live-living, movemoving, skateskating. 3) 以闭音节结尾而词末只有一个辅音字母的，双写词末的辅音字母再加-ing: stopstopping, forgetforgetting, swimswimming, beginbeginning,