精品高三英语语法精选知识点汇总.doc

高三英语语法精选知识点汇总很多考生英语总是打不了高分，做了很多题，背了很多单词还是没有提高，那高考英语如何快速提高呢?下面就是小编给大家带来的读西游记有感，希望大家喜欢!高三英语语法知识点1虚拟语气I?虚拟语气在if?引导的条件句中的易错点。?if?my?lawyer?had?been?here?last?Saturday,?he?would?have?prevented?me?from?going.?if?you?had?studied?hard?at?school,?you?would?be?a?college?student?now.?句子都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用，从句中都是假设过去的情况，所以用过去完成时，但在主句中，句依然指代过去的情况，谓语动词是would?have?done，而中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now,?这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况，所以谓语动词必须为would/should/might+动词原形，学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在，从而按句的形式填写答案。?虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法?1.在it?is?important?(strange,?natural,?necessary)+that?句子或者It?is?decided?(ordered,suggested,?demanded,?advised)+that句子中，主语从句中的谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形结构，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等?例如：?it?is?important?that?everyone?(should?)?obey?the?rules?all?day?and?all?night.?it?is?decided?that?the?meeting?(should)?be?held?tomorrow?afternoon.?2.?suggest,?insist?后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方?1)suggest?当“建议”“提出”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”?例如：He?suggested?that?the?work?(should)?be?started?at?once?他建议立即动工。?类似的动词还有insist坚持，demand要求，desire要求、请求，request请求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose建议，command命令，ask要求，advise建议，prefer宁愿等。?这些动词变被动语态(如：It?is?suggested?+?that主语从句)形式后，主语从句谓语动词仍用“(should)+动词原形”?这些动词变名词(如suggestion)后，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”?suggest?当“提出(某看法)，暗示，启发”讲时，其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气。?例如：(1)The?police?suggested?that?the?thief?might?be?one?of?the?family?member?警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。?(2)Her?yawns?suggests?that?she?is?sleepy.?她打哈欠表明她困了。?(3)Although?he?didnt?suggest?that?we?_?the?decision?to?swim?across?the?river,?but?his?look?suggested?that?our?decision?_wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定，但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。?A：stop;?wasB:?should?stop;?beC:?stopped?;wasD:?stopped;?should?be?在这个句子中，前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲，而后一个作“表明”讲，所以答案为“A”?2)insist作“坚决要求该;坚持认为定要”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”?例如：I?insisted?that?you?(should)?be?there?on?time.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去?insist?作“坚持(意见，看法);坚持说，确信”讲时，其后从句不用虚拟语气。例如：He?suggested?(that)?he?heard?someone?in?the?next?room.?他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。?高三英语语法知识点2名词性从句一、that 从句1、主语从句(1)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句(2)that可以省略，但that从句位于句首时，that不能省略。2、宾语从句(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。(2)That从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。3、表语从句(that不可省略)4、同位语从句连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。二、whether/if从句1、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可;discuss后引导宾语从句时，必须用whether。2、在宾语从句中：(1)及物动词后：whether从句中不能有否定式，宾语从句为否定句时用if;if不能与or not连用，但可以用whether or not;whether后可以加不定式。(2)介词后：只能用whether,不用if。三、特殊疑问词引导的从句1、主语从句：特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2、宾语从句(1)常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。(2)作介词宾语。3、同位语从句、表语从句高三英语语法知识点3情态动词will和would1)表示意志和意愿。will指现在，would指过去。Ifyouwilllistentome,Illgiveyousomeadvice.2)表示请求、建议，would比will委婉、客气。Will(Would)youpleasepassmethebook?3)表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Everyevening,shewouldsitbythewindow,deepinthought.4).表示功能，意为“能”或“行”Themachinewontwork.5)表示预料或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.猜想他离开家时大约十点。would usedto1)表示过去持续的状态和情况用usedto;would不与表示状态的动词连用。Thereusedtobeahospitalhere./Therewouldbeahospitalhere.(×)2)would常与often,sometimes,forhours等表示时间的副词(短语)连用。Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistenedtohisstory.3)usedto强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义.eg.Hewillnotspendthemoneyonbooksasheusedto.dare和need两者作为情态动词都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。习惯用语Idaresay(可能，或许，我揣测)除外。实义动词用法同于一般动词。但在否定句中，dare后的to可省略，即：dont/doesntdare(to)do.need作为实义动词时，用在否定句中时，其后的to不能省略。Hedaregotherealone.(×)Hedarestogothere.Hedaresnotgotherealone.(×)Hedarenotgotherealone./Hedoesntdare(to)gotherealone.Hestoodtherewithoutdaringlifthishead.(×)Hestoodtherewithoutdaringtolifthishead.1情态动词+havedone,表示过去比较：情态动词+do,表示现在或将来。cf.neednthavedone didntneedtodoSheneednothavecomeyesterday.她昨天本不必要来的。(但却来了)Shedidntneedtocomeyesterday.她昨天不必来。(实际上也没来)高三英语语法知识点4过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补： 表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。eg:He didn t notice me waiting.I heard the song sung in English.I saw him opening the window.I saw the window opened.I saw him open the window.I heard her sing the song in English.高三英语语法知识点5would rather that somebody did 宁愿;更愿意 (表示现在或将来的愿望)would rather that somebody had done 宁愿;更愿意 (表示过去的愿望)例句I d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。I d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。I d rather that I hadn t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。句型2as if/though+主语+did/had done好像(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)参考句型4例句Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。句型3 wish +宾语从句 ，表示不大 可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do例句How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn t wasted so much time playing!What a pity you can t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!句型4It s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) 早就该例句It s time that you went to school.= It s time that you should go to school.It s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。I think it s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。句型5情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法could have done 本来可以 (表示过去没有实现的可能)。might have done 本来可能;本来应该或可以做某事 (实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。should/ought to have done 本来该做某事 (而实际未做)should not/ought not to have done 本来不该做 (实际却做过了，含有责备语气)needn t have done 本来不必做 (但是已经做过了)would rather have done 当时宁愿做了某事 (实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示 后悔 之意。高三英语语法精选知识点汇总第 9 页 共 9 页