精品高考英语知识点精选语法总结【五篇】.doc

高考英语知识点精选语法总结【五篇】要想学好英语知识，首先要掌握好英语的语法，会让你的英语成绩更上一层楼。下面就是小编给大家带来的高考英语知识点总结，希望能帮助到大家！高考英语知识点1词组句型用法例析1. accuse of 控告某人犯某罪I accused Donny of stealing money. 我控告Donny偷盗。2. so as to (do sth.) 为了We got up early so as to catch the first train. 我们早起以便坐上第一班车。辨析：so as to不能位于句首，此时可用in order toIn order not to be late for school, we must get up early. 为了上学不迟到，我们须早起。3. defendagainst 防卫免受Our duty is to defend our country against the enemies. 我们的职责是保卫我们的国家免受敌人的侵袭。4. have a nose for sth. 有探查或发现某事物的能力新课标第一网That reporter has a nose for news. 那位记者对新闻特别敏感。5. the sameas./suchasHe is such a kind man as all like. 他是个人人喜欢的善良的人。(as作like的宾语)注：在定语从句中，先行词中包含有the same, such, so等时，要用as来引导;关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语等。比较：He is such a kind man that all like him. (that不作任何句子成分)高考英语知识点2助动词1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如：He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesnt是助动词，无词义;like是主要动词，有词义)2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态。例如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。(北京安通学校提供)He has got married. 他已结婚。b. 表示语态。例如：He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句。例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。例如：I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。e. 加强语气。例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。3) 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。3 助动词be的用法1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。(北京安通学校提供)2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。高考英语知识点3link A to B 将A和B连接起来refer to1)提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he wasreferring to us?2) 参考;查阅;询问e.g. If you don tunderstand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.Please refer to the lastpage of the book for answers.3) 关系到;关乎e.g. What I have to sayrefers to all of you.This rule refers toeveryone.reference: n. 参考e.g. reference books 参考书7. to one s surprise (prep)“to one s + 名词”表“令某人”常见的名词有“delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等e.g. I discovered, to myhorror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.To John s great relief theyreached the house at last.8. . found themselves united peacefully“find +宾语+宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语;不定式)”e.g. A cook will beimmediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.You ll find him easy to getalong with.They found themselvestrapped by the bush fire.When I woke up, I foundmyself in hospital.I called on him yesterday,but I found him out.9. get sth done =have sthdone 使某事被做.e.g. I ll just get thesedishes washed and then I ll come.get + n. + to doget + n. + doingYou ll get her to agree.I ll get the car going.get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被.”e.g. Be careful when youcross this very busy street.10.break away (from sb /sth) 脱离;破除e.g. It is not easy for himto break away from bad habits.The man broke away from hisguards.break down (会谈)破裂，失败;(汽车等)出故障;(人的健康状况)变得恶劣;(情感)失控e.g. His car broke down onthe way to work this morning.His health broke down underthe pressure of work.He broke down and wept whenhe heard the news.Talks between the twocountries have completely broken down.break in 闯入;打岔break off 中断，折断break into 闯入break out 爆发;发生break up 驱散;分散，拆散11. as well as 不仅而且;既又e.g. He is a teacher aswell as a writer.The children as well astheir father were seen playing football in the street.12.convenience: n.方便;便利e.g. We bought this housefor its convenience.convenient: adj.13. attraction:1). 吸引;引力(不可数 n.)2). 吸引人的东西;喜闻乐见的东西;精彩节目(可数 n.)e.g. attraction ofgravitation 重力He can t resist theattraction of the sea on a hot day.A big city offers many andvaried attractions.What are the principleattractions this evening?attract: v.14.influence1) v. 对产生影响e.g. What influence you tochoose a career in teaching?2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事e.g. He is one of the goodinfluences in the school.3) (不可数n.) 影响e.g. A teacher has greatinfluence over his pupils.高考英语知识点4一、非谓语动词“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语).有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语.这些动词归纳如下：一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing.还有“二让”属特殊：get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing.而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语.这些动词归纳为一句话：Papa C makes friends.这是由如下动词的开头字母组成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜：“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”.其相对应的动词依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise;advise/suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can t help/cant stand.二、复合句1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别.例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句)关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that：有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位.因为引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用.2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which：that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)级：which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性).例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.三、It的用法1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语.而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后.例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语.这些表语是：无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger).例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.2、It还可以作形式宾语.通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语：2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make).例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.B、I think it no use arguing with him.3、It用于强调句式.要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语),可以把it当作先行词.这种句子的结构是：It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English(强调主语)B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.(强调状语)C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)但要注意与定语从句的区别.例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)在强调句式里,我们把强调结构It is(was)that除去,句子还很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.四、倒装结构学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不倒装的属特殊.下面举例说明：A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语,主句倒装)G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)五、虚拟语气虚拟语气也是一个难点.所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实.它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示.现归纳如下：纯假设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级：条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句)：现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级：提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do：俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order)：It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟：部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange thatshould do). 下面举例说明：A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (条件句虚拟)B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊从句虚拟)F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主语从句虚拟)H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊从句虚拟)高考英语知识点5一、一般过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。二、 现在进行时1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其它4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其它5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.例句：How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何?He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。高考英语知识点精选语法总结第 11 页 共 11 页