2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题汇总.doc

2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题汇总为了帮助大家更好的备考2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译考试。今天小编给大家带来了2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题Constitutional Crises Bring Attention to European Monarchs宪法危机引发人们对欧洲君主的关注For most of the last 100 years, Europes royalty have mainly been known for big weddings and newspaper gossip. Now, that might be changing.在过去的一百多年里，欧洲王室成员主要以大型婚礼和报纸八卦而闻名于世。Spains King Felipe VI used his power to denounce Catalonian separatism. He called the leaders of the 2017 popular vote for independence from Spain criminals. He also said it was his constitutional duty to save national unity.西班牙国王费利佩六世动用了他的影响力谴责加泰罗尼亚的分离主义。他称2017年加泰罗尼亚独立公投的领导人是罪犯。他还表示，维护国家统一是他的宪法责任。Recently, the British media has wondered if Queen Elizabeth II will be called upon to end a possible constitutional crisis. It could involve Prime Minister Boris Johnsons plans to withdraw Britain from the European Union on October 31. Johnson said he will move forward with “Brexit” even if there is no official agreement with the EU.最近，英国媒体很想知道英国女王伊丽莎白二世是否会被要求终止一项潜在的宪法危机。这可能涉及到英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊计划于10月31日退出欧盟。约翰逊表示，即便未同欧盟达成正式协议，他也将推进英国脱欧。Monarchs Face Political Crises, And Risks君主面临政治危机和风险The two royal heads of state would appear to have little in common.这两位王室领导似乎没有什么共同之处。Elizabeth II has been Queen for 67 years. Felipe became King just five years ago after the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos, who was restored to the throne by dictator Francisco Franco in 1969.伊丽莎白二世已经在女王位置上坐了67年。费利佩于5年前在他的父亲胡安·卡洛斯退位后成为了西班牙国王。卡洛斯于1969年被独裁者弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥恢复王位。They are relatives through Queen Victoria, who ruled the British Empire in the 1800s.他们都是曾于19世纪统治大英帝国的维多利亚女王的亲属。Political science professor William Ogilvie de la Vega of Franciso Marroquin University in Madrid said that both rulers are being asked to make political decisions. He said the reason is because elected politicians seem to be unable to do their jobs.马德里Franciso Marroquin大学的政治学教授威廉·奥格尔维·德拉维加表示，这两位统治者都被要求做出政治决定。他说原因是当选的政治家似乎无法胜任其职。The two monarchs remain as constitutional heads of state. They hold what former Spanish ambassador to Britain Federico Trillo-Figueroa describes as “sleeping powers.”这两位君主仍然是国家宪法意义上的元首。他们掌握了前西班牙驻英国大使费德里科·特里洛-菲格罗亚所说的“未觉醒的权力。”Queen Elizabeth II has the power to start and end parliament and to sign legislation into law. She exercises those powers only at the request of the prime minister.英国女王伊丽莎白二世有权启动和解散议会，以及将立法签署为法律。她只是应英国首相要求行使这些权力。These powers “are normally exercised in an invisible way” Trillo-Figueroa told VOA.特里洛-菲格罗亚对美国之音表示，(君主们)“通常是以无形的方式行使”这些权力。But stepping into politics can cause problems.但是涉足政治可能会导致问题。Queen Elizabeth II has the power to refuse Johnsons request to suspend parliaments session if ministers try to stop Britains EU withdrawal without an agreement. However, she would risk angering the most traditional parts of British society and many of them voted to leave the EU in a 2015 popular vote. Officials at Buckingham Palace, the home of British monarchs, has said that the “will of parliament should be respected.”如果内阁部长们试图阻止英国无协议脱欧，约翰逊会提请女王暂停议会，伊丽莎白二世有权拒绝约翰逊的这一请求。然而她要冒着激怒英国社会最传统势力的风险，他们中的大多数人在2015年公投中投票支持英国脱欧。英国王室所在的白金汉宫的官员表示：“议会的意愿应该得到尊重。”A top supporter of Brexit, Nigel Farage, then released an attack on the royal family.英国脱欧的一位高层支持者奈杰尔·法拉格随后对王室发表了攻击言论。King Felipe similarly earned the anger of Catalan nationalists by openly supporting the federal governments direct rule over Catalonia. Barcelona Mayor Ada Colau opposes Catalan independence, but she stays away from the king when he comes to Spains second largest city. Felipe is usually met with protests in the Catalan capital.费利佩国王公开支持联邦政府对加泰罗尼亚的直接统治同样招来了加泰罗尼亚民族主义者的愤怒。巴塞罗那市长阿达·科洛反对加泰罗尼亚独立，但是当费利佩国王来到了巴塞罗那这座西班牙第二大城市时，她与国王保持了距离。费利佩在加泰罗尼亚首府巴塞罗那通常会遇到抗议。The newspaper El Mundo reported that former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy advised against a royal televised speech during the crisis in Catalonia. In the speech, Felipe accused Catalan officials of acting with unacceptable “disloyalty,” before the government officially charged them with sedition and rebellion.西班牙世界报报道称，前首相马里亚诺·拉霍伊不赞成王室在加泰罗尼亚危机期间的一次电视讲话。在西班牙政府正式指控加泰罗尼亚官员煽动叛乱之前，费利佩国王就在这次讲话中指责他们采取了令人无法接受的不忠行为。But Raquel Casviner Ca?ellas of the Catalan Civic Union said the king needed to speak to Spanish unionists who felt that the central government had been too weak.但是加泰罗尼亚公民联盟的拉奎尔·卡斯维纳·卡纳拉斯表示，国王需要与西班牙统一主义者对话，他们认为中央政府过于软弱。Felipes father, Juan Carlos, helped the country move to democracy after the death of Franco. He later helped stop an attempt by the military in 1981 to seize power.费利佩的父亲卡洛斯在佛朗哥去世后帮助西班牙走向了民主。他随后还协助阻止了1981年军方试图夺权政权的企图。The younger generations of royals also seem to be more interested in politics. Prince Harrys wife Meghan Markle, Duchess of Sussex, has been criticized for her political opinions in a coming article she edited for British Vogue, titled “Fifteen forces for change.”年轻一代的王室成员似乎对政治更感兴趣。哈里王子的妻子、苏塞克斯公爵夫人梅森·马克尔为英国时尚杂志编辑了一篇题为15种变革力量的文章，她在这篇即将发表的文章中表现出来的政治观点就受到了批评。2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver2019年8月22日22 August 2019近期，个别域外大国罔顾南海局势持续向好的事实，就所谓南海“紧张局势”无端指责中国，欧盟高官也表达了关切。为了让欧洲读者更加全面认知南海问题，我愿意向广大朋友们讲讲南海的故事。从“南中国海”的名字可以看出，南海在中国大陆的南面。中国是最早发现和命名南海诸岛的国家，也是最早开发利用南海的国家。早在公元8世纪，欧洲进入中世纪不久，中国就开始对南海进行管辖。中国和南海沿岸国交往密切，人民世代友好。直到20世纪前，中国对南海诸岛的主权从未遭遇任何挑战。二战结束后，中国使用美国提供的军舰，收复了日本非法侵占的南海诸岛，在岛上举行接收仪式并派兵驻守。作为二战后国际秩序的组成部分，中国对南海诸岛的主权得到国际社会广泛承认。但随着南海发现油气资源，一些沿岸国开始在南沙夺岛占礁，提出海洋权益诉求，导致南海出现争端。尽管如此，中国致力于同有关国家谈判解决争议，聚焦海上务实合作，切实维护了南海的和平稳定，维护了地区国家的发展繁荣。世上本无事，总有人为谋取私利而到处挑拨离间、惹事生非，南海也未能幸免。个别域外大国，唯恐南海不乱，蓄意炒作南海“紧张局势”，指责中国在南海“搞军事化”。殊不知中国在自己领土上部署必要防御设施，本就是国家的合法权利。这个大国有世界上最强大的军事力量，在全世界有数百个军事基地。其不断在南海搞军事演习，派大型军舰搞“航行自由”行动，把南海当作大国博弈的战场，才是南海局势紧张的重要根源。个别域外大国总喜欢讲南海问题，但在一些多边场合，其国家代表发完言就扬长而去，不愿倾听地区国家对南海和平稳定的关切。可以说，这个大国所关心的南海问题，同中国和东盟国家所关心的南海问题，根本就不是同一个问题。这个大国的真实目的是搅浑南海，为维持地区军事存在找借口，维护亚太霸权和海洋霸主地位。个别域外大国言南海必称“航行自由”问题，然而这个问题在南海根本就不存在。中国对外贸易和能源运输的60%以上通过南海，中国比任何国家更关心南海航行自由。事实是，每年有十几万艘商船通行南海，从没有一艘遇到过航行自由问题。这些域外大国天天喊“航行自由”，想要的莫不是乱闯别国领海的“横行自由”?南海地区国家有维护和平稳定与推动地区合作的共同意愿。中国不会任由领土主权和地区安全受到侵害，也不会坐视域外大国搅乱南海秩序。希望域外国家尊重地区国家的意愿和选择，多发挥建设性作用，不要为一己私利，也不要人云亦云，成为威胁南海和平稳定的风险源。域外大国干扰是南海和平稳定的风险源Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region驻欧盟使团团长张明大使在欧盟媒体发表署名文章Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver2019年8月22日22 August 2019Recently, despite the continued improvement in the situation in the South China Sea, a major power outside the region has kept making unwarranted accusations against China over the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea. Senior EU officials have expressed similar concerns. To help European readers get a full picture of the South China Sea issue, I wish to share with you the other side of the story.As its name suggests, the “South China Sea” is to the south of the Chinese mainland. China was the first country to discover, name and develop the South China Sea islands. As early as in the 8th century, shortly after Europe entered the Middle Ages, China started administering the South China Sea. China has maintained close exchanges with the littoral states of the South China Sea and has enjoyed friendship with peoples of these countries from generation to generation. Before the 20th century, Chinas sovereignty over the South China Sea islands had never been challenged.After the end of World War II, China used naval ships provided by the United States and recovered the South China Sea islands illegally occupied by Japan. On the islands, the takeover ceremonies were held and troops started to be stationed. As part of the post-war international order, Chinas sovereignty over the South China Sea islands has been widely recognized by the international community.However, with the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, some littoral states have sought to seize islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, and made claims to maritime entitlements, leading to disputes in the South China Sea. That being said, China has been committed to settling the disputes through negotiation with the countries directly concerned, and focusing on practical maritime cooperation. Such efforts have contributed to the overall peace and stability in the South China Sea as well as development and prosperity of countries in this region.We would deserve a more peaceful world, were it not for the instigation and trouble-making of some forces for their own agenda. The South China Sea is unfortunately no exception. A major power outside the region has deliberately hyped up the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea and accused China of “militarizing” the region. The fact is that China has every legitimate right to deploy necessary defence facilities on its own territory. That major power, with the worlds most powerful military forces and hundreds of military bases across the world, has kept staging military exercises in the South China Sea and sent large warships there for the so-called “freedom of navigation” operations, trying to turn the South China Sea into an arena for major-power wrestling. This is THE source of tensions in the South China Sea.That major power enjoys raising the South China Sea issue. Yet on some multilateral occasions, its representatives would take the exit immediately after finishing what they had to say, giving little heed to the call of the littoral countries for peace and stability in the South China Sea. It is fair to say that when it comes to the South China Sea issue, that major power cares about things totally different from those of China and ASEAN countries. Its real agenda is to muddy the waters and seek excuses to justify its military presence in the region, in order to uphold its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific and maritime supremacy the world over.That major power always questions the “freedom of navigation” in the South China Sea, but there is nothing to question at all. More than 60% of Chinas foreign trade and energy supplies pass through the South China Sea, so China has a greater stake in the freedom of navigation than any other country. The reality is that more than 100,000 merchant ships pass through these waters every year and not a single vessel has ever run into any problem with the freedom of navigation. When a major power outside the region talk about the freedom of navigation, does it mean to have a license to do whatever it wants in other countries territorial waters? This might be the real question.Littoral states share the commitment to maintaining peace and stability and promoting cooperation in the South China Sea. China would not allow its territorial sovereignty and regional security to be undermined, nor would it allow any major power outside the region to muddy the waters. It is our hope that countries outside the region could respect the wishes and choices of countries in the region and play a more constructive role. Any attempt to impose ones own selfish agenda or blindly follow suit from the outside would only pose real risks to peace and stability in the South China Sea.2020年翻译资格考试一级笔译练习题Climate Change: A Race We Must WinWe face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UNs Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a net zero economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries nationally determined contributions by 2020, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars investment in renewable energy in 2017. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of Chinas total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan target