上海教育八级上知识点总结 .docx

精品名师归纳总结unit1:1. What do you usually do on weekends.你周末常常做什么？（ 1）这是一个由疑问词what 引导的特别疑问句。前一个do 为助动词,构成疑问句结构,后一个 do 为实义动词（或叫行为动词）,意思是“做。干”。留意：助动词do 要随着主语的人称、时态和数的不同作出相应的变化。如： What does she do on weekends.周末她做什么？（ 2）usually为频率副词,意思是“通常。常常”,与often意思相近,但程度有别。【辨析】：频率副词always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never频率副词词义频率英文释义 always 总是 100%all the time usually通常 90%often, generally often常常 80%at many timessometimes 有时 50%at times, now and then hardly ever几乎不 10%almost not, not at all never 从不 0%not ever, not at any time【拓展】频率副词always 的用法：在全部的频率副词中,always 语气最强,表示“总是。永久”。always 可用于进行时态, 表示“老是。 总是” ,是一种加强语气的说法, 含有“生气。不满。不耐烦。称赞”等感情颜色。如： He is always coming late.他总是迟到。（埋怨） He is always helping others.他总是帮忙别人。（颂扬）always 通常放在 be 动词后面,行为动词前面,一般不放在句首。但为了强调或在祈使句中,也可放在句首或放在整个谓语前面,有时甚至置于句末。如： Always pay attention to your pronunciation.要始终留意发音。always 与 not 连用时,表示部分否定,意思是“不肯定总是。未必”等。如：Honesty is not always the best policy.诚恳未必永久是上策。（ 3）on weekends 意思是“在周末” ,也可说成 at the weekends, 此处的 weekends指星期六和星期日。2. -How oftendo you watch TV. 你多久看一次电视？-Twicea week.一周两次。（1） how often表示“多久一次”,是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词,如 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等,或用于回答表示频率的短语, 如 once a day 一天一次 ,twice a week 一周两次 ,four times a month 一个月四次 , every day 每一天 等。如：-How often does he surf the Internet. 他多久在网上冲浪一次？ -Once a week.一周一次。（2） twice a week意思是“一周两次”是一个表示频率的短语,表示频率的短语一般是由“次数 a时间名词”构成。表示“一次或两次”时,一般用once 和 twice可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表示,而表示“三次或三次以上”时,就用“数词times ”结构。如： once a month 一个月一次 , twice a day 一天两次 ,three times a week 一周三次）, five timesa year 一年五次 等。（3） 疑问词 how 的用法1）怎样,用什么手段,方法/ 交通工具 How didhe do it./ Idon t know how to swim. How do you come to school.(2) 情形如何（指身体健康状况）How are you.(3) how many , how much 表示“多少” how many 后接可数名词复数, how much 接不行数名词。 How many times do you go to the park.(4) how many times询问多少次,其答语表示次数。如：once twice, three times等How many times do you go to the movies a month. About three times.(5) How old.询问年龄 How old are you. I am five.(6) How about . 如何？ 怎么样？ How about going to the movies.(8) how long询问多长时间, 其答语表示一段时间, 如：fortwo days ,forthreehours等。How long will it take to get to the station？ About half an hour。(9) how soon用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是in two hours, in three days等。How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。3. And I sometimes watch TV.我有时看电视。sometimes 是一个表示频率的副词,意思是“有时”一般位于句首,也可放在主语后面。如： Sometimes I go to the movies on Sunday.有时我在星期天去看电影。 He sometimes reads on weekends.在周末他有时看书。【辨析】： sometimes与 some times , sometime , some time sometimes 意思是“有时。不时”,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如： Sometimes he goes to school by bus.有时他乘公共汽车上学。some times是名词短语,意思是“几次。几倍”。如： I met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次。sometime 是副词,意为“在某个时候”,“某时”Will you come again sometime next week.下周的某个时候你会再来吗？She was there sometime last year.她去年某时去过那。some time是名词词组,意为“一段时间”,做时间状语用unit2:1. -What s the matter.怎么了？ -I have a cold.我患感冒了。（ 1）matter作名词时,表“事情。问题。情形”,Whats the matter.常用来询问对方的病情或其他不适,也可用What s wrong.或 What's the trouble with sb.来可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表示,如要说明对象,就需要用介词with表示。如： What s the matter,littleboy.小男孩,你有什么事？What s wrong / the matter with her.她怎么了？2 wrong 是形容词, 前面没有 “ the ”;matter和 trouble都是名词, 前面应有“ the ”3) 【拓展】 matter作动词,意思是“要紧,重要,有重大关系（主要用于否定句,疑问句或条件句中） What does it matter？ 那有什么关系？It doesn t matter about the price。 buy it, whatever it costs。 价钱没什么关系,不论多少钱都买。4) 该句型中 what 做主语, 此句型是陈述句语序, 如：I dont know what s the matter with me ？该句型常用于医生询问病人情形,病人可以回答：I mnot feelingwell=Idont feelwell.I feel terrible. I feel ill. I feel sick. I feel even wores. I have a pain here.5) There is something wrong with my head.=Something is wrong with my head.=I have something wrong with my head.6) 【补充】医生的话： How long have you been like this. How are you feeling now. Let me take your temperature. Your temperatue is OK.Nothing serious.=There is nothing much wrong with you.医生的叮嘱： Take thismedicinethreetimesa day.Drinkmore waterand have a good rest.Try to relax before you go to bed. You ll be all right./well/OK again soon. Youll be much better tomorrow.2. You should lie down and rest.你应当躺下休息。1）should是情态动词, 可表示建议, 意思是“应当,应当,最好” 其否定形式是 shouldn t ,表示不应当。 You should stop smoking.你应当戒烟。You shouldn t leave a baby alone in the house.你不应当把一个婴儿独自留在家里。（ 2）lie down意思是“躺下”, lie-lay-lain如： She lay down on her bed.她躺在床上。I found a purse lying on the ground.我发觉的上有一个钱包。【拓展】作名词时,表示“谎言”作不及物动词时,是“说谎”的意思。lie-lied-lied Why did you tell me a lie？ 你为什么对我撒谎？Don t lie to me。 不要对我撒谎。（ 3）rest可以作动词,也可以作名词,意思是“休息”。如：I m so tired and I want to have a rest.我太累了,我想休息一下。Can I get some rest, mum.妈妈,我可以休息一会儿吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. That sounds like a good idea.那听起来像是一个好想法。（ 1）idea 意思是“想法。想法。思想”,good idea 意思是“好想法”,一般用来表示赞同。如： That s a good idea.那是一个好想法。-Why not go to the park.为什么不去公园了？-Good idea.好想法。（ 2）sound like意思是“听起来像”,sound 是连系动词,它也能作名词,意思是“声音”。如：Your idea sounds like a good one.你的想法听起来是个好想法。We can hear the sound of birds singing in the morning.早晨我们能听见鸟儿唱歌的声音。4. I hope you feel better soon.我期望你很快好起来。这是一句祝愿用语, hope 表示“希望。期望”。如：We hope youre well.我们期望你健康。【辨析】： hope 与 wish ：hope 与 wish 这两个词都表示“期望”,但含义和用法不同。wish 后一般接含有虚拟语气的名词性从句,用以表示难以实现或不行能实现的愿望,有时也可用于表示对人的祝愿（留意：wish 后不能接动名词）wish to do sth /wish sb to do sth /wish that+句子如： I wish I were as strong as you.我真期望我像你一样健壮。I wish you success.祝你胜利。hope 用于有可能实现的场合。hope 后可接动词不定式、名词从句, 但不能在接动名词、名词或宾语后再加动词不定式。hope to do sth./hope that+句子如： I hope that you will succeed.我期望你会胜利。He hoped to get the first prize.他期望获得一等奖。5.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.传统中医认为,我们只有阴阳平稳,才能保持健康。【讲解】 1 ） 这是一个复合句。we need a balance这个句子作 believe的宾语,叫宾语从句。believe是动词,留意 believe后面的宾语从句的否定前移用法。I don t believe that he can mend the computer well。 我认为他修不好这台电脑。【拓展】常用短语： believe in信仰,信任 Believe it or not。信不信你由你unit3:1. What are you doing for vacation.1) 现代英语中常用be（ is/am/are+doing的结构表示将来,主要用来询问将来的方案,准备等）与现在进行时的区分主要看时间状语和上下文的语意。-What s he doing for vacation？他假期准备干什么？-He s visiting his grandfather。他准备去探望他的祖父。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2） be going to+动词原形这一结构也用于一般将来时。a 表示按方案或支配将要发生的事。She is going to be a teacher next year. b 表示有迹象说明将要发生的事。It s cloudy, it s going to rainc 表示客观缘由说明将要发生的事。Hurry up , we are going to be late. 3） for vacation目的状语。 for的主要用法：a 由于,由于, I m sorry for being late b 供用： The room is for 3 peoplec + 时间段表示动作连续：The meeting will last for three days d 有助于,有益于,为了What can I do for you？e 就某人而言： She is tall for her agef 对于某人来说： It s important for her to do so 2.That sounds nice.1） sound系动词用法：“听起来”后+形容词。类似的用法仍有：lookfeel （感觉）get become taste（品尝） smell（闻起来）2） nice是形容词。意思是美好的,和气的,友善的,美丽的,【辨析】 sound ,voice , noise【辨析】 nice ,well , good, finenice形容词,意思是好的,美好的,比如心情开心,令人欢乐而感觉良好。How nice it is today！well形容词好的,在句中做表语,表示身体健康。做副词,好的,良好的-Is he feeling well now？ -Well,very wellgood 形容词,意思是好的,一般常用语。指事物的特点与性质精致优良。fine形容词。意思是美好的,精致的。它强调“华美,纤细”的特点,如指天气时, 意思天气晴朗。It is fine today 3.away1） 向远处,离开,向另一方：I don t like going away for too long。2） 放在句子后面做状语“距离这”Your birthday is two weeks away.3) 不在家 He is away.=He is not at home.4) 和 faraway from 连用表示距离（前有详细距离时,要省略far , from 后接的点, 如不接的点,就省略from ） 考点 The bus stop isn t far away. The bus stop is two miles away. The bus stop is two miles away from our school.【常用短语】 throw away扔走 take away拿走 run away跑开 right away立刻,立刻4.send sb sth=send sth to sb送某人某物send sb to do sth派某人做某事 send for派人去请 send up发射可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5 rent v租用,出租rent sth. from sb.向某人租借某物 * They rented a house from Mr, Smith他们向史密斯先生租了一间rent .to把租借给. She rented a flat to the students.她把公寓租给了同学。rent for sb.替某人租给 . I rented a room for my friend.我替我的伴侣租了一间房。6 what s like there.怎么样？可以询问事物的性质,特点等。在指人时,主要用来询问人的性格,才能或给人的印象。例句： -What is the concert like. -It is excellent.音乐会怎么样？太妙了。-What is your mother like. -She is quite nice.你母亲是什么样的人？她相当好！【留意】 What does look like.仅仅用于询问人或事物的外部特点。-What does it look like. -It s small.它是什么样子的？它很小。-What does he look like. -He s tall and thin and very badly dressed.他长得怎么样？他又高有瘦,穿得很邋遢。7. How s the weather there. =What s the weather like there.那天气怎么样？8. Can I ask you a few（some） question about your vacation plans？1） Can I 是用来比较委婉提出要求,期望得到对方确定回答。可用could代替,语气更加委婉。回答用sure , of course, certainly。No problem 。I m sorry that等回答。2） 【辨析】 problem 和 question problem 指客观存在的需要解决的问题,也指理科课程的习题或数学,事实有关的问题。the problem of population人口问题 solve the problem of pollution解决污染问题work out the maths problem算出数学题 question是指由于对某事物感到疑问不解而提出的需要解答的问题。ask the question问问题 answerthe question回答疑题 findout the answer to the question找出问题的答案9. be famous for以而闻名（出名）for后+出名的缘由be famous as作为而出名 as 后+职业,身份或位置。例句： Zhou Runfa is famous as a movie star.He isfamous forhisfineacting.10. He thought about going to Greece or Spain,but decided on Canada.1) think about:考虑 后+名词,代词,动词ing.这里 thought about的意思是原先考虑think of考虑,关怀,想起。think over认真考虑可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2） decide on打算, +名词或动词 ingdecide to do sth./decide+that从句/decide+疑问代词 +to do打算做某事。2022 八年级英语上册期中复习重点短语、词组和句型Unit 1:on /at weekends在周末 on /at weekdays在工作日期间 surf the Internet上网冲浪last/this/next weekend在上个 / 这个 / 下个周末 （ last/this/next前不加介词 on/at ）go to the movies 去看电影 junk food 垃圾食品 look after=take care of照看exercise 动词 =do/take/have exerciseU=do/take/have sportsC做运动eye/morning exercisesC 做眼保健操 / 早操 as for 就而言the results of /for the student activity survey（同学活动调查）的结果be good/bad for对有好处 / 有害 an unhealthy eating habit一种不健康的饮食习惯keep/ stay/be healthy=keep in good health保持健康 1.What does she usually do on weekends.她在周末常干什么？ She usually goes to the movies.她通常去看电影。2. What does he sometimes do on weekends. He sometimes surfs the Internet.3. How often does he go shopping. He goes shopping once a month.4. How often does Lucy exercise. She exercises about twice a week.5. How often does she eat vegetable（s） . She eats vegetable（ s） three times a day.6. Where there is will, there is always a way.有志者事竟成。He never stops talking.=He is always talking.他总是喋喋不休。7. He is an active student and exercises every day/each day.他是一个活跃的同学,每天都锤炼8. She says its good for my health.她说这对我的健康有利。Watching TV too much is bad/not good for your health/keeping healthy. 电视看得太多不利你（保持）健康。9. My eating habits are pretty /very good/healthy.我的饮食习惯相当好 / 健康。10. How many hours/How long do you sleep every night/morning/afternoon.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I sleep for nine hours every night/morning/afternoon. every前不加介词 11. He trieshisbesttopracticespeakingEnglisheverymorningtolearn English well.为学好英语,他每天早上尽力/ 努力练习说英语。He tried drawing a lot of pictures last year; comhowever, he was not interested in painting.尽管他对绘画不感爱好,他去年仍是尝试画了许多画。12. My healthy lifestyle helps me to get good grades. Good food and exercise help me to study better.Although she is12, she hardly ever help her mother to do housework.= Although she is12, she hardly ever help her mother with the housework.13. There are many differences between boys and girls.=Boys are different from girls.= boys are not the same as girls.14. Most of the studentsdo/takeexercisethreeor fourtimesa week atGreen High School.= Most studentsdo/takesportsthreeor fourtimesa week at Green High School. Unit 21.What s wrong/the matter with you.-I m not feeling well.我感觉不舒适。-I have a cold / fever/ stomachache /teethache/ sore throat/back .-I have a lot of headaches.我头痛得很厉害。-I am/feel/get tired/stressed out.我感到很累 / 压力太大。I m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.听到（你病了） .我很伤心That'stoo bad/terrible.那真的挺糟糕的。（对他人的病痛、不幸或不开心经受表示怜悯）3. When did it start. -It started about 2 days ago.4. Don't worry=take it easy.放宽心 不用担忧-You should take some /the medicine three times a day.你应当一天吃三次药。-Maybe you should see a/the doctor / dentist.-You should drink some hot tea with honey.-You should eat hot yang foods, like beef .你应当吃些热的阳性食物,比如牛肉（列举）-You should lie down and rest.你应当躺下来休息。-You should go to bed early and have/take a good rest.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结-You should drink a lot of/lots of/some water and listen to music.-You shouldnt eat anything for 24 hours.-You shouldnt work late.-You shouldnt be/get tired/stressed out.5. I hope you feel better soon.我期望你尽快好起来。6. Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries.中医现很受西方国家欢迎。S H E are very popular with young people. SH E 很受年轻人欢迎。7. It is important（ for us） to have/eat a balanced diet.（对我们来说）拥有平稳的膳食很重要。（for接对象）It is kind of you to give me your ruler.你真是太好了,把尺子给了我。（of 表人的内在品质）8. He lay（ lie过去式） on the bed all /the whole day.他在床上躺了一天。 The sleepingbeautyislyinglie的现在分词 on the beach at the moment./now. 睡美人现在正躺在沙滩上。unit4:1. How do you get to .是用来询问对方如何到达某的的常用询问方式,常用回答方式如：I walk to school./I get to school on foot.I ride my bike to school./I get to school by school.I take the subway to school./I get to school by subway.2. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive牢记： 相同点：都是“到达“的意思不同点： get to+的点 /reach+ 的点arrive at+小的点（车站等） /arrive in+大的点（国家等）留意：如他们后面要加的点副词here,there,home等,就不需要加介词。3. hundred数词,意为“百”必需牢记：1）详细的“几百”：用“基数词 +hundred ”hundred不加 s.如：two hundred2) “ hundreds of” “数以百计的”4 .Well,I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.1) walk to school=go to school on foot, foot前不用冠词,以下短语都不用冠词：by bus at night at noon go to school have breakfast play football go to bed2) 辨析 sometimes, some times, sometime, some timesometimes: 有时。用于一般现在时He sometimes goes to the cinema on Sunday. some times ： 几次,几倍 We have been to Beijing some times.sometime ：某个时候 用于过去或将来 Maybe we llmeet sometime next week again.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结some time ：一段时间 It ll take me some time to walk there.5. It takes about 25 minutes to walk .牢记句型： It takes sb. +一段时间 +to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间” 留意： spend 和 take的用法区分6 -How long does it take. -It takes 20 minutes.-How farisitfrom hishome toschool.-About10 kilometers./It s aboutfive minutes bike ride.7 have a quick breakfast快速的吃完早餐8. every day“每天”,做时间状语。everyday:形容词做定语,“日常的”9. He leaves for school at around six thirty.1 leave for去某的 2 ） at six thirty=at half past six10. Then the early bus takes him to school.1 take to 意为“把带到”to 后+的点。2）辨析