中考英语全程知识点总结练习初三级 .docx

精品名师归纳总结初三年级（下）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. beg one's pardon2. multiply by 3. slow down4. wear out5. try on6. make a decision,7. a place of interest8. make a mistake9. drop off10. think about11. make up one's mind,12. at all,13. at least14. by the time15. carry on16. never mind17. from now on18. come down19. hands up20. before long ,21. no one,22. not any longerII. 重要句型1. be busy doing sth.2. prefer to do sth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. regard. as.4. be pleased with sth./sb.5. be angry with sb.III. 交际用语1. - How much does cost.2. - It can cost as little as yuan and as much as yuan.3. - It costs.4. - It's worth.5. - I don't agree with.6. - I wasn't sure whether.7. - I wonder if.8. - What size .9. -Have you got any other colour / size / kind.10. -Have you got anything cheaper.11. -How much are they.12. -How much does it cost.13. -How much is it.14. -That's a bit expensive.15. -Even though they're a little expensive, I'll take them.16. -I'll thinkabout .17. - I don't think I'll take.18. - I like.19. - I don't really like.20. -Can I help you, girl.21. -Would you like me to look in the back.22. - We can find.23. - Do you like being.24. -Can I ask you some questions.25. -Sure.26. -It was great.27. -Wow.28. -Yeah.29. -Oh dear.30. -Hands up.31. - I ll shoot anyone who moves.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结32. - There s no need to thank me.33. -Can you remember anything else about him.34. -Come down, Polly.35. -There is a little traffic accident36. -There's a big traffic jam.37. -Well, I'm sure he'll be here before long.38. -I'm beginning to get angry with him.39.-Yes, we can't wait any longer. Let's go without him.40. -That's terrible.41. -That's a really bad excuse.IV. 重要语法1. 过去将来时2. 过去完成时3. 动词不定式4. 定语从句【名师讲解】1. think/ think/about/ think of(1) thi nk 单独使用时表示 " 摸索" , 接 that 宾语从句时意为 " 认为 ", " 觉得 "。I am thinking how to work out the problem.I think she is a good student.当宾语从句含有否定概念时,通常形式上否定think,但意义上却是否定宾语从句。I don't think he can come.I don't think it will be windy.(2) think about 可接一个名词,动词 -ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是"考虑 "。I have thought about it for a long time.Please think about how to tell her the bad news.(3) think of 表示 " 认为 ", 一般用于疑问句中,与what 连用。What do you think of the TV play. = How do you like the TV play.2. big/ large/ great上述形容词都表示 "大" ,但侧重点及程度不同。(1) big 指详细事物的大小,强调比正常形体的标准大,既可用在一般场合,也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或 " 长大了 ",仍可表示 " 宏大 ", "重要 " 之意。如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Can you lift up this big stone.On the last day I made a big decision.(2) large 特殊强调远远超过标准的大,指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3) great 除了表示数量体积之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味着宏大性,重要性,优越性。常用于抽象或无形的东西。用于有形的东西时,常带有"宏大 ", " 大得令人惊讶 "等意思,含有肯定的感情颜色。如：China is a great country with a long history. He was one of the greatest scientists.3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay(1) cost表示 " 花钱 ",花费,付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等。主语必需是物。） The book cost me five yuan.(2) take 的主语是动词不定式 , 通常用 it 做形式主语。It took me five yuan to buy the book.(3) spend,在主动语句中主语是人I spent five yuan on for the book. 或 I spent five yuan in buying the book.(4) pay 的主语是人。I paid five yuan for the book.4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时,要留意使用。expensive 与 high 涉及到价格 " 高",而 cheap 与 low 涉及到价格 " 低" 。(1) expensive昂贵的,花钱多的。这个单词如谈到" 价格高,货贵 " 时,其主语不能是价格,必需是货物、物品本身。如：This watch is expensive.这只表很贵。These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。留意： cheap表示 "价廉 ", " 廉价的 ",其主语也不能是价格,必需是物品本身。如： The cheap table was bought from him.这张廉价的桌子是他卖给我们的。This cloth doll is very cheap.这只布娃娃很廉价。(2) high 在表示价格时,含义是 "高",low 在表示价格时,含义是"低",这两个词不能用于物品本身,只能用在价格上。如：The price of this watch is very high.这只表的价格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me.这本书的价格对我来说是不低。下面我们试看几个句子的正误对比：The price of this computer is expensive.宜改为： This computer is expensive.或 The price of this computer is high. 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.宜改为： This pen is not cheap for him to buy.或 The price of this pen is not low for him. 5. alone/ lonelylonely 与 alone 的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区分：(1) lonely 用作形容词,意思是 "孤独的。孤寂的 "。可指心灵上的孤寂,也可指偏僻的的点。在句中既可作表语,也可作定语。(2) alone 可作形容词和副词,意思是"单独。独自 ",不指心理上孤寂的感觉。She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,但她从不感到孤寂。6. before long/ long before(1) before long 作“不久以后 ”讲,切不要按字面译为“长时间以前 ”或“好久以前 ”。如：We hope to finish our experiment before long.我们期望不久（以后）就把试验做完。(2) long before 作" 很久以前 " 讲。原意为 " 以前很久 ",故也可译为 "老早 "。long before跟 before long不同,前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句。当上下文明确时,名词或从句仍可以省略。Before long就没有上述搭配用法。They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.我们昨天开头做试验,但我们在那以前很久就已经做预备了。7. as/ when/ while(1) as 是连词,意思是 " 当 的时候,一面 一面 ",（强调同时,一般连续时间不长）,如： As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.正值我们谈论 " 泰坦尼克号 "这部电影时,老师进来了。The students sing as they go along. 同学们边走边唱。(2) When 和 as 一样都是连词,留意它们的不同。如when" 当 的时候 "（一般表示动作紧接着发生）。" 那时"（等立连词,前有逗号分开）I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.我始终呆到太阳下山,那时天开头下雨了。(3) while 是"当 时候。和 同时"（强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长） While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书。While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有期望。8. beat/win/ hit(1) beat 是动词,意思是 " 连续的打 ; 打败 ; 敲打 "。beat 后可接人或队名。意思是" 击败对手。 " 如： I can beat you at swimming.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(2) win 意思是 " 赢得某个项目 ",后面常接 "match, game" 。如： He won a game. 他胜一局。We won a match. 我们竞赛得胜。(3) hit 意思是 "击中 "（有时可表示 "打一下 "）。如：The mother hit her child out of anger.妈妈愤怒,打了她孩子一下。9. keep doing/keep on doing(1) keep doing 侧重表示 " 连续不停的做某事" 或"连续某种状态 "。如： The girl kept crying all the time.那个女孩始终在哭。The baby kept sleeping about four hours.这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。(2) keep on doing 表示 " 总不断做某事 ",不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如：It kept on raining for seven days.Don't keep on asking such silly questions.10. get/ turn/ become这三个词都可作系动词用,表示状态的变化,后跟表语,但三个词的用法稍有不同。get 强调情感、气候和环境的变化。 turn 强调颜色的变化。而become 就强调职务、职称等的变化。如：The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter 冬天的白天越来越短。She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red 她回答不出问题,脸红了。When did you become a teacher. - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。11. steal / rob从意思上讲 steal 表示偷窃的意思。而rob 表示抢劫的意思。从搭配上来讲,steal sth from sb/sth ; 而 rob 就用rob sb/sth of sth;例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor. They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12. see/look/watch/notice在英语中, see, look , watch, notice 都有 “看”的意思,要留意他们的区分。see意为 “看到 ”,表示视觉器官有意识或无意识的看到物体,强调“看到 ”的结果。look 意为 “看”,表示有意识的观看,强调“看”的动作。watch 意为 “观看,凝视 ”,指以较大的留意力观看。notice 意为 “看到,留意到 ”,指有意识的留意,含有从不留意到留意的变化的意义。例如：What can you see in the picture ？在图画中你能看到什么？Look. How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多兴奋啊！可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He s watched TV for over two hours他看了两个多小时的电视。He noticed a purse lying on the road 他留意到的上有个钱包。13. Shoot/ shoot atshoot 是及物动词,意思是 “射中,射死 ”,宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at 是一个动词词组,意为“向射击 ”,至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：The man shot five birds in the forest 那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。The hunter shot at the bear猎人朝熊射击了。They shot at the she wolf , but didn't shoot her 他们向那只母狼射击,但是没有射中死。14. escape/ run away(1) escape作“逃跑 ”、“逃脱 ”或“躲避 ”讲时,往往会有胜利之意。如：The old man escaped death那个老人死里逃命。The thief escaped from prison 那个小偷越狱了。(2) run away 作“逃跑 ”、“跑走 ”讲时,往往强调动作。如：Don't let him run away 别让他跑了。口语中 escape和 run away 可以互用。15. so that./ so. that.(1) so that . 为了, 以便 。引导一个目的状语从句, 从句中往往有情态动词。 也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus. Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.(2) so. that既可引导一个结果状语从句,也可引导一个目的状语从句。如： The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study. I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 过去将来时。2. 过去完成时。3. 动词不定式。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4. 定语从句。5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型。6. 本单元学过的交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1. 20XX年济宁市中考试题He wanted to know.A. whether he speaks at the meetingB. when the meeting would startA.what he s going to do at the meetingD. where would the meeting be held【 解析】答案： B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。由于主句的时态是一般过去时,所以从句应用过去将来时,这就排除了A 和 B。宾语从句的时态应当是陈述句的语序,所以只有B 是对的。2. 20XX年烟台市中考试题- Why didn t you go to the movie yesterday.-Because Iit before.A. had watchedB. have seenC. have watchedD. had seen【 解析】答案： D 。该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区分。看电影习惯商用 see a movie,又由于说的昨天以前发生的事情,应当用过去完成时。只有D 正确。3. 20XX年重庆市中考试题-Did you win the football game.-Bad luck. Our teamin the final one.A. wonB. beatC. was wonD. was beaten【 解析】答案： D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win 通常和竞赛一类的词连用,不与人或队连用,因此可以排除A 和 C。beat 是个及物动词,既然我们的运气不好,就是输了,应当用被动语态。4. 20XX年广州市中考试题-Who is the manwas talking to our English teacher.- Oh. It s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which【 解析】答案： B。该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词的挑选。由于先行词是人,可以排除A 和 D。而该词在定语从句中作主语,只有B 合适。【满分演练】一. 单项挑选1. Though he isseventy years old, he takes exercise every day. A.pastB.aboveC.onD.over2. The sun risesand goes down.A. in the east, in the westB.in the west, in the eastC.to the east, to the westD.from the east, from the west3. Which would you like, Madam, tea or coffee. , thanks. I d like a glass of water, please.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.OK4. One of the boys is, all the other boys are. A.English , ChinaB.an English, ChineseC.England , ChinaD.English, Chinese5. -How soon will you finish the building.-.A. In two monthsB.Two months可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结C.About two monthsD.After two months6. They didtheir father told them.A. likeB.asC.aboutD.with7. The fish smells . You mustn t eat it. A.nicelyB.heavilyC.terribleD.terribly8. Either you or hethe team.A. is inB.are onC.is onD.are in9. He was madethirteen hours a day by his boss. A.to workB.workC.is onD.are in10. you work,you will do. A.Harder, betterB.The harder, the worseC.Hardest, bestD.The harder, the better11. Mrs Hu asked Liu Fang andto take part in the English meeting.A.IB.myC.meD.mine12. Tell the studentstheir English books.A. to takeB.to carryC.to bringD.bring13. It us two hoursgewt taolkoutor school. A.takeB.takesC.spendD.paid14. My little sister is so tired, she can hardly walk,. A.does sheB.can sheC.doesn t she D.can t she15. Yellow River is the second longest river is our country. A./B.TheC.AnD.A可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结16. -Do you want to-No, I have nothing toat the meeting.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. say, speakB.tell, talkC.say, sayD.speak, say 17.-You need something to drink, d on t you.-.A.Not at allB.I needn tC.No, pleaseD.Yes, please18. She asked mehe could dance or sing.A. ifB.whatC.whetherD.that19. - Aren t you Mary s sister.-I m her aunt.A. Yes, I amB.No, I m not C.Yes, I m noDt .No, I am20. , no man has travelled farther than the moon.A. To nowB.To farC.So farD.Till now二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Class 3 won the football match and our classby them. beat2. By last Friday the studentslearnall their new lessons.3. He will be a worker after hefinish middle school.4. I felt likehave a rest after lunch.5. Is there another way ofanswer the question.6. I ll tell him the news that our classwin.7. Jim made usagree with him.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. The teacher9. Someone saw himgive us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. fall off the horse just now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10. Look. A group of policemenrun into that room.三. 改写句子1. None of the doctors knows about the matter.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 know about the matter.2. Tom is taller than John.Jonh is not 3. The jacket cost so little that he bought it.Tom.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The jacket 4. Jim had a good journey home.for him to buy.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Jim very much home.5. I didn t finish my work in time because my pen was broken.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The 四. 完形填空pen stopped finishing my work in time.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Hundreds of years ago, life was1than2today. People didn htave modern machines. There3modern medicine,4.Lifetoday5newproblems. One of the biggest is pollution污染 . Water pollutionhas6our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and affects 影响 our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us7louder and8. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects9living thing in the world.Cars, planes and factories all pollute 污染 our air every day. Sometimes the pollution is so10that it is like aquilt 被状物 over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog. 烟雾 1. A.more hardB.more harderC.much harder D.much more harder2. A.they areB.they wereC.it wasD.it is3. A.were notB.was noC.wereD.was4. A.eitherB.tooC.alsoD.neither5. A.bringB.haveC.have gotD.has brought6. A.madeB.letC.takenD.changed7. A.sayB.talkC.tellD.spoke8. A.feel happy more happilyB.get angry much more easier C.get angry much easierD.feel and more slowly9. A.mostB.allC.oneD.every10. A.thinB.thickC.hardD.light五. 阅读懂得（ A ）Since the beginning of time, man has invented many interesting things. Some of these inventions, like numbers and the radio have certainly changed history.Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been the computer. It will change all our lives.The first computer was built at Harvard University （ 哈佛高校） in 1944. it was as large as a room and quite difficult and slow to operate（运行） . But since the invention of the silicon chip（硅片） , computer have become smaller, easier to use, and faster to operate. Some computers are as small as television sets. Some computers can be made smaller than abook. And computers are getting smaller all the time.There are several reasons（缘由） why computer is useful to us. First it can store （贮存） very, very large amount（数量）of information （信息） . Second, the computer can operate very quickly. Third, modern computer can be built into other kind