人教版七级英语语法总结2.docx
精品名师归纳总结7A 语法Unit 1 This is me.基本可归纳为:我( I )用 am你( you)用 are,is 连着他( he)她( she)它( it)。仍有一些其他情形,比如:1、单个的人名,例如Alice 、Peter等以及一些单数性质的单词像an apple一个苹果等,用 is 数2、复数性质的单词如some apples一些苹果 等,用 are 来数3、另外像一些不行数名词,例如:rice米饭 ,bread面包等,只能用 is 数我用 am,你用 are, is 用于他、她、它。以上主语是单Is 用于他、她、它以上主语是单数 复数主语全用arethis、that 用 isThese、those 要用 are如要变成疑问句 句首 Is、Am 、Are 句末问号别忘加 如要变成否定句not 系词后面加注:确定句变疑问句时,I am 改 成 Are you , my改成 your可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一般现在时定义与讲解Unit2 Let s play sports可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一般现在时:表示常常性的事情,常常性的动作或一般性事实。时间状语: often 常常, usually 通常, always 总是, every 每个, sometimes有时, at在几点钟只有在第三人称单数用动词的三单变化 ,其他用动词的原形。三单变化: 1.多数在动词后 splay playslike likes(1)直接在动词词尾加 -s.ask-askswork-worksget-getsstay-stays(2)以字母 s, x, ch, sh 或部分以 o 结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es. watch-watcheswish-wishesfix-fixesdo-doesgo-goespass-passes可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词,要先变y 为 i 再加-es. try-triesstudy-studies cry-criesfly-flies2.不规章变化:be- isam arehave-has二、一般现在时用法1. 表示常常性,习惯性 ,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词 sometimes, often, usually, always, every day year, month ,once twice, three times a day,等时间状语连用。They usually go to school by bike.I take the medicine three times a day. She helps her mother once a week.Marysfather is a policeman.There are 50 students in myclass.2. 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。The sun rises inthe east and sets inthe west every day.The man who has never been to the Great Wallis not a real man. Tomorrowis Tuesday.三、一般现在时的句子转换:(1)当句子中有 be 动词或情态动词时,就把be 动词或情态动词 can,could等等提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在 be 动词或情态动词后面加not 变成否定句 .例:陈述句: She is a student.疑问句 Is she a student.否定句 She isnot a student.陈述句: I can swim.疑问句 Can you swim否定句 I can not swim.(2)当句子中即没有be 动词,也没有情态动词时,就在主语前加助动词 do you,以及复数 ,does(单数 she,he,it)变成问句。 在主语后谓语动词前加助动词 don(tI,you,以及复数 ,doesn(t单数 she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例:陈述句: We get up at 7:00 every morning. 疑 问 句 Do you get up at 7:00 every morning. 否 定 句 We dontget up at 7:00 every morning.陈述句: She has a littlebrother.疑问句 Does she have a littlebrother.否定句 She doesnthave a littlebrother.Unit3 Welcome to our school可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -代词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表格形式主格宾 格形容词性人称物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结第一人称Imemyminemyself单 其次人称youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称hehimhishishimself数sheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself第一人称weusouroursourselves复 其次人称youyouyouryoursyourselves数第三人称theythemtheirtheirsthemselves用法1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或在介词后、be 动词后宾语,3)名词性物主代词 =形容词性物主代词 +名词,例: My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.可写成 My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.次序1. 人称代词为单数时,按其次人称、第三人称、第一人称排列。如,You, she and I are good friends. Peter and I all like reading.2. 人称代词为复数时,按第一人称、其次人称、第三人称排列。如,We you and they are playing soccer together.Unit4 My day用 in 的场合( 1)表示 在某年 /月/季节这个含义时,须用介词in。例如:in 1980.( 2)表示从现在起一段时间以后 时,须用介词 in。例如:They will go to see you in a week.( 3)表示 在某世纪 时,须用介词 in.例如:This machine was invented in theeighteenth century.( 4)表示 在某岁月或特定世纪某岁月时,须用介词 in。例如: This incident happened in the 1970''''s.除此之外, morning / evening / afternoon 三个词也常跟介词in 连用。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结用 on 的场合( 1)表示 在详细的某一天 或(在详细的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上等,须用介词 on。例如:on May 10th,1982,on a rainy morning, on a summer afternoon.( 2)表示在星期几 或在星期几的早上、 中午、晚上等,须用介词 on。例如:on weekdays, on Saturday morning.( 3)表示 在某一节日 时,须用介词 on。例如: on Mid-autumn Festival, on Teachers' Day.留意:当 morning, evening, afternoon被 of 短语修饰,习惯上用 in,而不用 on.例如:in the early morning of September 10th 在 9 月 10 的早晨。 in the late afternoon of September 12th 在 9 月 12 日的傍晚。用 at 的场合( 1)表示 某一详细时刻(即几点几分时),须用介词 at。例如: at six( 2)用在特定的时候(季节、时机)时,须用介词at。例如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They were happy at that time他.们那时很幸福。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结( 3)表示 在中午、在夜晚、在周末时,须用介词 at。例如:What do you often do at noon.你中午常常做些什么?You can see many stars in the sky at nigh夜t. 晚你能看到天空中有很多星星。( 4)表示 在岁时,须用介词 at。例如:At the age of nine ,the boy could swim well.在九岁的时候, 这孩子就游泳游得很好了。用 by 的场合by+时间名词。意为: 到时(已发生某事),此时谓语多用完成时。最晚、不 迟于,在之前。如: by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three oclock等。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed.200上3到去年年底,又有一座新体育馆峻工了。The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station by 5:40 pm at thelatest.NMET97火车下午六点开,所以最晚我得五点四十赶到车站。频度副词的用法频度副词在句中习惯上位于be 动词、助动词等之后,行为动词之前。1. 在 be 动词之后。如:She is sometimes very busy.她有时很忙。he is often late for school .他常常上学迟到。2. 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如:I will never forget this lesson.我将永久忘不了这一课。海·春)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. 在实义动词之前: 假如是表示动作的句子 (谓语动词是实意动词, 如: go,take,eat .).,就放在这个动词的前面。例如:We often go there. 我们常去那儿。he always gets up at 6 in the morning sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often 也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:Sometimes she writes to me. =She writes to me sometimes.她有时候给我写信。She writes to me often. 她常常给我写信。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结假如有两个助动词,频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如:We have never been invited to one of their parties.他们聚会,一次也没邀请过我们。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结She must sometimes have wanted to run away她.频度副词的用法有时候肯定想到过要逃走。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 always 频率最高,表示动作重复、状态连续,表示始终、总是 ,其反义词为 never。always 等与 not 连用时,表示部分否定。如:The rich are not always happy.有钱的人并不总是欢乐的。假如要变为否定句,应将always 改为 never 才能全部否定。如: Li Ping is always late for school. 李平上学总是迟到。Li Ping is never late for school. 李平上学从不迟到。(全部否定)Li Ping is not always late for school. 李平上学不总是迟到。 (部分否定) 频度副词通常和一般现在时连用,表示动作发生的频率。但always 与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示称赞、厌烦等心情。如:He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。(称赞)She is always asking silly questions. 她总是问些愚蠢的问题。 (厌烦) The boy is always asking for money. 这个小男孩总是要钱。(厌烦) usually 意为通常,表示习惯性动作或状态,很少有例外。如:We usually go to school at seven in the morning.我们通常在早上七点上学。My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays.我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。 Often 意为常常,常常 ,表示反复性的动作或状态,中间有间断,不如usually 那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。often 在句尾常常被 very 或 quite 修饰。如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨。he boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them男.女生有时吃。生常常吃面条,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I often chat with my friends under the big tree. 我常常在这棵大树下和伴侣聊天。He writes to his friends quite often. 他常给他的伴侣写信。 sometimes意为有时,频率不及 often,表示动作有时发生,间断时间较长。其位置比较敏捷,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk.有时我们去看电影,有时我们去漫步。I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。My father has lunch in the factory sometimes. 我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。 seldom 意为很少。never 意为从不。这两个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生。如:He seldom eats breakfast.他很少吃早餐。The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。I will never forget your kindness. 我永久忘不了你的好意。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The boys never eat chocolate and the girls seldom eat it男.生很少吃。生从不吃巧克力, 女可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Better late than never. 谚语迟到(迟做)总比不来(不做)好。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 hardly 具有否定意义,表示 几乎不、简直不 ,除非特殊情形,否就不会发生。如:The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it.这个孩子太小了,不行能懂得这件事。对上述频度副词提问时,用how often。如: I write to my brother sometimes.How often do you write to your brother?频度副词位于助动词之前两种情形1.为了表示强调,频度副词有时也可位于动词be、助动词、情态动词之前,此时助动词等应重读。如:She always was late.她老是迟到。I never can remember.我永久也记不住。2. 在简略答语中,当频度副词与动词be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时,频度副词必需前置。 Philip is late again. Yes, he alw菲ay利s 普is.又迟到了。 是的,他总是迟到。 Can you park your car near the shops. Yes. I usually can. 你可以在商店邻近停车吗.是的,通常可以。 频度副词在否定句中的用法在否定句中, 有的频度副词位于否定词之前或之后均可,而有的频度副词就必需位于否定词之后,而仍有的频度副词却必需要位于否定词。大致情形如下:1. 频度副词 usually 和 often 可位于否定词 not 之前或之后。他们不常开这样的晚会。正: They don t often hold such parties. 正: They often dont hold such parties.星期日我们一般不在9 点以前起床。正: We dont usually get up before nine on Sundays.正: We usually dont get up before nine on Sundays.在否定句中,频度副词用于句中或句首,有时但会导致意思不同。He doesnt usually sleep for two days at a tim他e. 很少一连睡两天。Usually he doesnt sleep for two days at a ti他me连. 续两天不睡觉是常事。2. 频度副词 always 总是位于否定词之后,不行位于否定句之前。Things are not always what they seem to be.外表往往是靠不住的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Silence must not always be read as consent沉.默并不见得肯定意味着同意。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. 频度副词 sometimes总是位于否定词之前,不行位于否定词之后。 Jim is sometimes not very punctual.吉姆有时不太准时。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does黛.事不负责任。频度副词位于句末的用法1. sometimes常可用于句末。如:比有时对她所做的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We all get into trouble sometimes. 我们有时都会遇到麻烦。You cant work all the tim,e it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.你不能总是工作,有时出去放松一下会对你有好处。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. often 有时可置于句末, 但通常会带有 very, quite, fairly, more, so 等修饰语。如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Weve been there quite often经.常去那里。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结When I was young, I used to play tennis very often.我年轻时常常打网球。Diana used to travel a lot. These days she doesnt go away so often.娜过去常常旅行。最近她不常出门了。We're not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often.虽算不上关系亲密,但仍常见面。注:有时也可不带修饰语,但主要见于否定句或疑问句。如:He writes to me often. 他常常给我写信。Do you come here often. 你常来这儿吗 . I don t come here ofte我n.不常来这儿。3. usually 有时也用于句末,其前不用修饰语。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I m not late, usually我.通常不迟到。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。4. seldom 一般不用于句末,除非其前带有only, very 等修饰。We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。I play basketball very seldom indeed. 我很少打篮球。5. always 一般不用于句末, 有时用于句末, 此时它不表法 总是,而表示 永久。I ll love you always.我将永久爱你。另外,有时用于句末是由于句子有所省略的缘故。Generally they walked together on Sunday, but not always. 他们一般在星期日一起漫步,但并不总是如此。句中的 but not always=but they didnt awlwalakytsogether on Sunday。频度副词位于句首的用法1. sometimes常可用于句首。Sometimes she comes late.有时她来得晚。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Sometimes she didn t agree with m有 e 时.她和我看法不一样。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Sometimes we get a lot of rain in August. 有时在 8 月份雨水很大。2. often 用于句首时,通常表示强调,且其前一般有quite, very 修饰。 Very often he comes in late.他常常迟到。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Quite often the phone rings when Im in t电he话b经ath常.3. usually 有时也用于句首,其前不用修饰语。Usually I get up early. 我平常起得早。在我洗澡时响。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi.有时他坐公共汽车来,不过他通常仍是打的来。Usually cooking pots have two small handles but pans have one long handle.通常的深底煮锅有两只把手而平底锅只有一个长长的把手。4. always 一般不用于句首,除非是用在祈使句中。Always remember this. 请时刻记住这一点。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive.肯定要先看看反光镜再开车。另外, never 也可用于祈使句的句首。Never tell him the news. 千万不要告知他这消息。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Never ask her about her marriage.决不要问她结婚的事。5.在正式文体中,表示否定意义的副词seldom, never可位于句首, 但此时其后要用倒装语序。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Seldom has there been such a happy meeting过.去很少有过这样开心的会议。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Never did he think the book would be finished so soon.他可没想到这本书会这么快看完另外,once a year 每年一次 , twice a week 每周两次 , three times a day 一天三次, every Saturday afternoon(每星期六下午)等,这些时间状语也表示频率,它们可以和频度副词用在同一个句子中,表达上没有重复。如:We usually go to the cinema four times a month.我们通常一个月看四次电影。Unit5 Let s celebrate特殊疑问句:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。它的基本结构是:特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。但是假如疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用特殊疑问词陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有:what, whowhom, whose, which, when, where, how, why等, 回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答,不用yes 或 no 来回答。 1对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问,疑问词用what The twins were making a kite when their mother came in.(划线提问) the twins when their mother came in.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for suppe(r.划线提问)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 Mrs Turner ask her son .2对名词前定语提出疑问,疑问词应用which,而且必需和名词连用。 I'm going to take the shirt on the right.(划线提问) are you going to take.3对指人名词或代词提问用who,作宾语时提问用whom。 eg.Li Ping,they,his father4对物主代词和名词全部格提问用whose。eg. Li Ping's coat Whose coat my father Whose father5对详细时间提出疑问,如in the morning,last Sunday等,疑问词用 when。对详细几点钟提问,疑问词应用what time。6对详细的点提出疑问,疑问词应用where。The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. (划线提问) the pupils having a picnic.7对表缘由的从句提问,常见的有because引导的从句,疑问词应用why 。 Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill.(划线提问) Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us.8对方式或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词How。 go by bike like very much9对数量提出疑问,疑问词为How many,要留意 how many 必需跟名词的复数形式。two hundred sheep How many sheep可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -10对价格提出疑问,疑问词用How much。 I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. did you pay for the sweater.11对时间长度提出疑问,疑问词应用How long 。I've worked in that factory for two years. (划线提问) 96 中考题 you worked in that factory.12对时间频率,如once a year, twice a week等提问,疑问词用How often。13对详细次数,如once, twice, three times 等提问,疑问词用How many times。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结eg. did he call you the day before yesterday. Twice(.A. What time B. How many times C. How much D. How long14对 in一段时间提问,疑问词一般用How soon。96 中考题)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. (划线提问) Jane and her brother finish the work.15对距离提出疑问,疑问词用How far。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country(. from here to the country.划线提问)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结16另外,对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问,就分别用What's the date./ What day is it.假如是过去时间,就用was 代替 is。如: What's the weather like.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结定冠词与不定冠词的用法Unit6 Food and lifestyle可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结冠词的定义 :冠词是置于名词之前,对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词的分类 : 冠词分为不定冠词 "a,an"、定冠词 "the" 和零冠词三种, 零冠词指的是不用冠词的情形。不定冠词( a/an表示泛指,定冠词