人教版八级英语上册期末复习知识点总结2.docx

精品名师归纳总结Unit1 Where did you go on vacation.go on vacation去度假 be on vacation度假stay at home待在家里go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩visit museums参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营quite a few相当多study for为 而学习go out 出去most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time玩得兴奋of course当然feel like 给 的感觉。感受到feel like doing sthgo shopping去购物in the past在过去walk around四处走走because of由于one bowl of 一碗 the next day其次天drink tea喝茶find out找出。查明go on 连续take photos照相something important重要的事up and down上上下下come up出来 不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any,no, a few, a little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词 即somebody, anyone, nothing 等。在这些不定代词中, 多数都能作主语、 宾语、表语或定语, 但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、 宾语或表语, 不能作定语, 而 no 和 every 就只用作定语。复合不定代词：由 some ,any ,no ,every 加上 -body,-one,-thing 构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone某人something某物,某事anybody = anyone任何人anything什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物nobody = no one没有人,不重要的人nothing没有东西,什么也没有 ; 不重要的人或事everybody = everyone每人 ,人人 ,全部人everything每一个事物,一切词组： for nothing 白费,没有好结果,免费 ,nothing but 仅仅,只不过 ,It s nothing.不 用谢,不必在意anybody else别人（ 1）复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语,而不能作定语。Everythingis made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。 （作主语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I have nothingto say toady.我今日没什么可讲的。 （作宾语）Thatsnothing.没什么。（作表语）（ 2）作主语时,谓语动词用单数。（ 3）代替与 -thing 构成的复合不定代词,用it。代替与 -body, -one构成的复合不定代词,一般用they , 在正式文体中可用he 。如： Everyone knows what they have to do, don t th？eyEveryone knows what he has to do, doesn t he每.个人都知道他必需做什么,不是吗？（ 2）something和 anything的区分与 some 和 any 的区分一样,前者一般用于确定句,后者一般用于否定句 、疑问句 或条件状语从句 中。I have somethingimportant to tell you.我有重要的事情要告知你。 （确定句）Someoneis asking to see you.有人要见你。（确定句）Has anythinghappened？ 出什么事了吗？（疑问句）We can t decideanythingnow. 我们现在不能作什么打算。（否定句）If you wantanything, call me. 你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句）（ 3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,形容词 或不定式等 其他定语就须放在它们的后面。There isnothingwrongwith the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）This issomething special. 这是种特殊的东西。 （形容词）Is thereanythingimportantin todays newspaper.今日报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do you wantanythingto drink.你想喝点什么吗？If there isanythingI can do for you, please tell me.假如有什么我能帮你的,请告知我。除与 -thing 构成的复合不定代词外, 即 everyone 、everybody 、someone ,somebody都有全部格形式。 当其后有 else 时, s要加在 else 后面。如： That must besomebody else scoat; it isn t mi那ne一.定是别人的外衣,不是我的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody,只指人,不能与 of 短语连用。 every one, any one可指人也可指物,肯定要与of 连用才可以。 如： Is anybody here.有人吗？You can takeany one of these.你可以任凭拿一个。与 some- ,any- 构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与 any- 构成的复合不定代词一般用于 否定句或疑问句 中, not any -构成完全否定 ,但没有 any- not 的说法。与 some- 构成的复合不定代词用于 确定句 、预料作确定回答的疑问句、建议 或恳求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用,后加of 合不成。【巧学不定代词】： 不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏。单数动词作谓语,何时何的都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj.尝起来 look+adj.看起来 smell闻起来 sound听起来 feel感觉起来taste delicious look beautiful smell terrible sound wonderful feel comfortable /tired / bored/ nothing but+动词原形除了 之外什么都没有seem+ （ to be ） + adj.看起来 No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth.arrive in+ 大的点 / arrive at+ 小的点到达某的decide to do sth.打算去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.遗忘做过某事 / forget to do sth.遗忘做某事enjoy doing sth.宠爱做某事dislike doing/ to do sth.不宠爱做某事want to do sth.想去做某事start doing/ to do sth.开头做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 keep doing sth.连续做某事keep on doing sth.反复做某事有小停留Why not do. sth.为什么不做 了？so+adj.+that+从句如此 以至于 too to not enough to . it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做 怎么样可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人（不要）做某事ask sb. not to do sth.要求某人（不要）做某事want sb. not to do sth.想要某人（不要）做某事1. anywhere与 somewhere两者都是 anywhere在任何的方 , 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can t find it anywhere.somewhere在某处,到某处,常用于确定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem +形容词看起来 . You seem happy today.seem + to do sth.似乎、似乎做某事I seem to have a coldI seems / seemed +从句看起来似乎 。似乎 .It seems t hat no one believe you. seem like好.像,似乎 .It seems like a god idea.3. decide to do sth.打算做某事They decide to visit the museum. decide +疑问词 + 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth.开头,可与 begin互换 。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情形不能用begin .1) 创办,开办：He started a new bookshop last month.2) 机器开动：I can t start my car.3) 动身,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5. over介词,多于,超过,在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old.在 之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio.遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many太多,后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much太多,修饰不行数名词,修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Don t talk too much. Much too太,修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.You re walking much too fast.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结辨论三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区分看后头：much后接不行数,too后修饰形或副。too many要记住,后面名词必复数。7. because of介词短语,由于,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。He can t take a walk because of the rain.because连词,由于,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的缘由或理由。I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit2 How often do you exercise.help with housework帮忙做家务on weekends在周末how often多久一次hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次every day每天be free 有空go to the movies去看电影use the Internet用互联网swing dance摇摆舞play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜。睡得很晚at least至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动be good for对 有好处sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时间be bad for对 有坏处sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱be good with与 友好相处sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间 /金钱be good at sth./ doing sth善于某事 /做某事be friendly with sb.与某人友好相处be friendly to sb.对某人友好be kind to sb.对某人友好go camping去野营 not at all 一点儿也不 in one s free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如。诸如old habits die hard积习难改go to/see the dentist去看牙医morn than+数词=over + 数词多于。超过less than少于help sb. with sth.=help sb. to do sth帮忙某人做某事How/ What about doing . 怎么样？ /好不好？表提议want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+ 可数名词复数 +一般疑问句？ 有多少 . 主语 +find+that从句. 发觉It s+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的 的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth.通过做某事What s your favorite你最.宠爱的 是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式Which do you like best.你最宠爱词语辨析：1.how often多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once , twice, three times等词语。How often do you play sports.Three times a week.how long多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here.How long is the ruler. how for多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。How far isit from here to the park.It s about 2 kilometers.1. free闲暇的,有空的,反义词为 busy. be free有空,闲着,相当于have time.I ll be free next week. = I ll have time next week.仍可作 免费的、自由的 解。 be free to do sth.自由的做某事。The tickets are free.You re free to go or tostay.2. How come ？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很古怪,有点想不通。可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句why, 但 how come开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍旧是陈述语序。How come Tom didn t come to the party. = Why didn t Tom come to the party.3. stay up late指熬夜到很晚,迟睡。 Don t stay up late next time. stay up指熬夜,不睡觉 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed强调 上床睡觉 的动作及过程,但人不肯定睡着。I went to bed at eleven lastnight.go to sleep强调 入睡,睡着,进入梦乡。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find +宾语 +名词 , 发觉： We have found him to be a good boy. find +宾语 + 形容词, 发觉： He found the room dirty.find +宾语 + 现在分词, 发觉 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent百分数,基数词 + percent ： percent没有复数形式, 作主语时,依据所修饰的名词来判定谓语的单复数 。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7. more than超过,多于,不仅仅,相当于 over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than.I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid形容词, 担忧的,可怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。I m afraid we can t come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth可怕某人 / 某事。 be afraid of doing sth.可怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Don t be afraid of asking question. I m afraid +从句,唯恐, 担忧：I m afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth可怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time的区分：sometimes频度副词,有时。表示动作发生的不常常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early.-How often do you get up.sometime副词,某个时候。 表示不准确或不详细的时间,常用于过去时或将来时, 对它用疑问词 when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week.some times名词词组,几次,几倍。其中time是可数名词,对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story.sometime名词短语,一段时间 . 表示 一段时间 时,句中谓语动词常为连续性动词,提问时用Howlong.I .ll stay here forsome time.-How long will you stay here.11. both 、 neither 、either的区分：We both like sports.我们两个都宠爱运动。They are both tall.他们两个都高。 总结 ： both表示两者都 ,both and意为 ·和···都 ··,·连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式 。Both my sister and my brotherare doctors. 拓展 ： neithernor 意为 ·和···都不。 既不 ··也不 ··表·示两者都不。 连接两个并列的主语时, 谓语的单复数形式采纳 “就近原就 。Neither you nor sheis right.你和她都不对。 eitheror 意为 或者 ··或者 ··,·谓·语动词的单复数遵循“就近原就 ”。Either you or sheis wrong.不是你错了,就是他错了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 not onlybut also意为 不仅 ··而且 ··,·谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原就 。Not only I but also shelikesplaying drums.不仅我宠爱打鼓,而且她也宠爱打鼓。 with 意为 和··一起 。连接两个主语时,谓动实行“就远原就 ”He with his friendsis playing.His friends with heare playing football.Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. That s Tara, isn t it.I m shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.more outgoing更外向as as 与 一样 the singing competition唱歌竞赛be similar to与 相像的 /类似的be the same as和 相同。与 一样be different from与 不同care about关怀。介意look after照料 take care of照料be like a mirror像一面镜子the most important最重要的as long as只要。既然bring out使显现。使表现出get better grades取得更好的成果reach for伸手取in fact 事实上。实际上make friends交伴侣the other其他的touch one s hear感t 动某人be talented in music有音乐天赋be good at善于be good with善于与 相处have fun（ in ）doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣be good at/do well in doing sth善于做某事make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth.想要做某事as+adj./adv. 的原级 +as与 一样 It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.句型中, it 是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式,sb 为名词或代词的宾格形式。词句中的形容词主要有：easy, hard, difficult, important, interesting等It bsetter for you to live alone for some time.你单独住一段时间更好些。It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth. 句型中的形容词表示人的性格与品质,主要有：kind, good, nice, wrong等。 It is very nice of you to give me such a good present for my birthday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结词语辨析： laugh v. & n.笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最终,谁笑得最好。/不要兴奋得太早。laugh at嘲笑Don t laugh at him.别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。笑。笑声We had a good laugh at his joke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj.虽然。纵然。即使。尽管= althoughThough it was raining, he went there.虽然当时正下着雨,他仍是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy.虽然他很穷却很欢乐。留意 : although/ though不能与 but however连用, 但是能与 yet still 连用。 如：Though he was poor, he was happy.thoughadv.不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didn t , though.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1 ）原级（不作比较） ,修饰词 very,so,too,pretty,really。2）比较级, 表示 较或更 的意思（两者之间进行比较） , 标志词 than,A or B,of the two,修饰词 much,a lot,a little 。3 ）最高级, 表示 最的意思（三者或三者以上作比较） ,形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the , 后面可带 in（ of ）短语来什么比较的范畴。构 成 方 法单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加 -er 或-est原级high short比 较 级higher shorter最 高 级highest shortest以字母 e 词尾的词, 加-r 或-st重读闭音节词词尾只 有一个辅音字母时,先双写辅音字母, 再加 -er或-est以辅音字母 +y结尾的双音节词, 先把 y改为latefinelaterfinestlatestfinesthot big thinfathotter bigger thinnerfatterhottest biggest thinnestfattestfunnyeasy earlyfunniereasier earlierfunniesteasiest earliest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规章变化：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结原 级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast,i 再加-er 或 -est多词分音 节和 部双 音在词前加 more 或 mostbeautifulathletic outgoingmore beautifulmore athletic more outgoingmost beautifulmost athletic most outgoing节词形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规章变化：far句型： 1 A 比 B 怎么样：farther （更远）further （更深远）A+ V. （ be/ 实义动词）farthest 最远 furthest （最深远）+ 形容词 /副词的比较级 +than +B.e.g.: Tina is taller than Tara.2 A 与 B 一样 , A+ V. +asTom jump higher than Jim.形容词 /副词的原级as + Bas原级 as 与 一样 asnot as/so as不如A 不如 B , A+V. 的否定形式 + as形容词 /副词的原级 + B.Liming isas tall as Jim.Jack runsas fast as Tom. Lily isnot as/sotall as Lucy. =Lily isshorter thanLucy.Unit4 What s the best movie theater.screens.1.2.It has the biggestThe DJs choose songsthe most carefuuly.3.How do you like it so far.到目前为止,你认为它怎么样？4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions.movie theater电影院close to离 近clothes store服装店in town在镇上so far 到目前为止10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车 10 分钟的路程talent show才艺表演in common共同。 共有around the world世界各的。 全世界more and more 越来越 and so on等等all kinds of各种各样的be up to是 的职责。由 打算not everybody并不是每个人make up编造（故事、谎言等）play a role/part in（doing ） 在做 方面发挥作用 /有影响可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结for example例如take seriously 仔细对待 give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物come true （理想、期望）实现。达到Can I ask you some.我能问你一些 吗？ How do you like.= what do you think of . 你认为 怎么样？Thank sb. for doing sth.因做 而感谢某人。much+ adj./adv.的比较级 得多see/watch/look at sb. do sth.观看某人做某事see/watch/look at sb./sth. doing sth.观察某人在做某事hear, listen to, notice, feel等感官动词的用法与watch一样。 one of+ 可数名词的复数 之一,做主语,谓动用“三单” .One of +形容词的最高级 + n.的复数最 之一the +序数词 + 形容词的最高级 + . 第几 的e.g. Jack isthe second talleststudent in my class.形容词和副词的最高级比较级有变化,一般词尾加-er ,最高级有变化,词尾加上-est , 词尾如是哑音 e, 直接加 r 就可以,词尾如是哑音 e, 直接加上 -st ,一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-er ,一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-est , 形副音节 123 ,比较等级 more在前。形副单词多音节,最高级前the most。1. 表示由动词加 -ing或-ed 构成的形容词。2. 表示由形容词加后缀 -ly 构成的副词。 3. 表示部分双音节及多音节词。tall-