仁爱版八级英语上册知识点总结4.docx

精品名师归纳总结八年级英语（仁爱版）语言点归纳Unit 1 Sports and GamesTopic 1 Are you going to play basketball.1.see sb. do sth“观察某人做了某事”强调动作的全过程, 常与 every day; often等连用 .see sb. doing sth.“观察某人正在做某事”强调动作正在进行. Eg : I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.I often see him draw pictures near the river.我常观察她在河边画画.I saw her go across the street.我观察她过了公路I saw her going across the street.我观察她正在过公路.类似的有watch,hear,feel等这类感观动词. 2.join sb.表示“加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”join +组织表示“加入某个组织”take part in表示“参与 / 出席某个活动”如 : Will you join us.I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.3. prefer to更喜爱（ to 是介词，后接名词、V-ing形式）Eg ： She prefers fish to meat.She prefers playing the piano to playing the guitar.4. arrive in +大的点 arrive at +小的点get to +的点 = reach +的点如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.留意 : reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home5. leave离开leave for动身去/ 离开到如 : They are leaving Beijing tomorrow.明天他们要离开北京.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.后天他们要前往日本.6.a few“几个 ; 一些”修饰可数名词a little“一点点”修饰不数名词如: There are a few eggs in the basket.There is a little water in the bottle.7.how long表示“多久 时间 ”;提问时间段 .howoften表示“多常 ;多久一次” ;提问时间的频率.如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. How long will they stay in Beijing.He plays basketball twice a week. How often does he play basketball.8.be good at doing sth. = do well in doing sth.善于于 做 某事如: She is good at playing baseball. = She does well in playing baseball.9.make sth/sb + adj.使某物 某人 在某种状态 keepsth/sb + adj.保持某物 某人 在某种状态如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.重点语法1可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一般将来时：（一） be goingto结构 :表示主语进行某一将来行动的准备、意图。这种准备常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些预备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to 表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。如： I m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我准备本周日和同学们一起打篮球。She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.她准备为她妈妈买一件毛衣。表猜测。指依据迹象估计，而且立刻或很快就要发生。如： Look at those clouds. It s going to rain.瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！（二） will+ 动词原形： 表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow,soon, later, next timeweek/month/year 等连用。 will not = wont;缩略形式为 ll.表示作出立刻的打算。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或方案，是暂时的一种打算。 如： a. -Please put your things away, Tom.汤姆，把你的东西整理好。-I m sorry. I ll do it right away.对不起。我立刻就去做。b. -Would you like coffee or tea.您要咖啡仍是茶？-I will have a cup of tea,please.我要一杯茶。c. Don t worry. I ll help you.别担忧。我会帮你的。表示猜测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和估计。如： I m sure our team will win next time.我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybe she will go to the gym.或许她会去体育馆。表示许诺。如：I ll do better next time.下次我会做得更好的。I ll visit you tomorrow.明天我会去看你的。句式：确定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句： I/She/He/They won t go to play baseball soon.一般疑问句： Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon.回答： Yes, I/she/he/they will.No, I/she /he/they won t.（三）动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.如： I m coming.我就来。He is leaving for Shanghai.他将到上海去。We are going to Beijing.我们将去北京。Topic 2Would you mind teaching me .1. ill与 sick都表示“生病的” ,只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如: The man is ill/sick.那个男人病了. 作表语 He is a sick man.他是个病人 . 作定语 2. Would you mind not doing sth.表示“ 不 做某事介意 / 好吗 .”如: Would you mind coming and checking it.来修理它好吗.Would you mind not smoking here.不要在这儿吸烟好/ 介意吗 .3. one of +名词复数表示 “其中之一”,主语是 one, 表单数 . 谓语动词用单数。如: One of my teammates is strong and tall.其中我的一个队友又高又壮。4. miss“错过 , 思念 , 遗失”如: I missed the last bus yesterday.昨天我错过最终一班车.He missed his mother.他思念他的母亲.My God. I missed=lost my key.天啊 .我把钥匙弄丢了.2可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5. do one s best尽某人的最大努力= try one s best We do our best to finish the task.6. be sure to do sth. = be sure that +句子“确定做某事”如 : We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.我们确信下次肯定会赢。7. be sorry for“为某事愧疚”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry that +句子“很愧疚做了某事”如: I am very sorry for what I said.我为我所说的话感到愧疚.I m sorry I lost your book. = I m sorry to lose your book.很愧疚弄丢你的书。8. tired adj.“（感到）疲乏的”,主语是人如: I feel tired today.今日我感到累了 .tiring adj.“令人疲惫的”,主语是事物如:Thisjobistiring.这份工作令人疲乏 .类似的有 : excited感到兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的interested感到好玩的interesting好玩的9. 15-year-old“15 岁的”15 yearsold“15 岁”如: He isa 15-year-oldboy.= The boy is15 yearsold.类似用法 : 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles10. instead“替代 ; 相反” ,一般单独使用, 放在句末 , 前面用逗号隔开. instead of“替代; 而不, 相反”如: I won t go to Shanghai. I ll go to Beijing, instead.我不会去上海而会去北京.= I ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I drank a lot of milk instead of water.我喝了很多牛奶而不是水. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth.表示“从做. 中获得乐趣”如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in.1. be ready for为预备= prepare forEg： We are ready for the final exam= We are preparing for the final exam2. encourage勉励to + V Eg： We should encourage children to look after themselves.3. take / do exercise做锤炼Eg： They often takes / does exercise in the morning.4. group up长大Eg： What are you going to be when you grow up. bring up :抚养5. a symbol of代表= stand forEg： .The.Tang.costume.stands.for.Chinese.fashion.culture.and.the.long.history.o f.China.The.Tang.costumeisasymbolof Chinese.fashion.culture.and.the.long.history.of.China.6. at least至少at most至多Eg： We need at least another two days to finish the task.There are 1000 students in this school at most.3可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7. fill out +名词“填好”fill +名词 / 代词 +out如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out.请填好这张表格.Please fill it/them out. 当宾语是代词时,只能放中间 请把它 们 填好 .8. be afraid“唯恐”指有礼貌的、委婉的拒绝别人. be afraid of“可怕 做”如: I m afraid I won t be free.我唯恐没有空. He is afraid of dogs.他可怕狗 .They are afraid of losing the game.他们可怕输了竞赛.9. may be“可能是”may 是情态动词+ be maybe“或许 ;可能”maybe是副词如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher.他可能是一名老师.He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name.他可能知道她的名字.10. between在两者之间among在三者或三者当中如: The answer is between A and B.答案在 A 和 B 之间 .The winner is among of us.获胜者在我们当中.Unit 2Keeping HealthyTopic 1 How are you feeling today.1. 身体某个部位+ ache ，表身体某处疼痛。如: headache头痛backache背痛stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛2. medicine“药”（为不行数名词）pill“药片”（为可数名词）如: take some medicine吃些药take some cold pills吃些感冒药3. with“含有”without“没有”Eg： hot tea with honey加蜜的茶coffee with sugar and milk加糖和牛奶mooncake with eggs含鸡蛋的月饼Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything中国清茶Go to school without eating breakfast.没吃早饭去上学。4. well康复well是副词，修饰动词。作为形容词来用时，是“身体健康”的意思。Eg： She dances well. well是副词 Take care of you， you ll be well soon. well是形容词 good 是形容词，“好的”eg： He is a good boy.5. You d better go to see a doctor.你最好去看医生see a doctor看医生had better not do sth最好（不）做某事Eg： You d better ask your teacher for help You have a fever， Let s see a doctor.Your leg is hurt， you d better not move.6. have a rest休息一下Eg:You look tired ,why not have a rest.7. until“直到为止”;句中动词一般为连续性动词notuntil“直到才”;句中动词一般为短暂性动词如: He will wait for his father until ten o clock.他将等他父亲始终到10 点为止 . He won t leave until his father comes .直到他父亲来他才离开.4可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. plenty of“充分 ; 大量”既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不行数名词,只用于确定句 ,相当于 a lot of/ lots ofmany“很多” ,修饰可数名词much“很多” ,修饰不行数名词如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water.你应当喝大量的开水.You shouldn t drink so much water.你不应当喝这么多水.I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books.我有很多水 .Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking.1. be good for对有益be bad for对有害如: Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有益.Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes.在剧烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.2. enough adj.“足够的”修饰名词时 ,既可放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后. 但通常放在名词之前如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work.我有足够的时间完成这项工作 .There is enough food in the fridge.冰箱里有足够的食物. adv.“足够的”修饰形容词或副词时,均放在所修饰词的后面.如: He is tall enough to reach the apple.他足够高 , 能够得着苹果.He speaks clearly enough.他讲得足够清晰.3. need“需要 ,必需”作实义动词 : need sth.需要某物need to do sth.需要做某事如: I need some help.我需要一些帮忙.You need to see a doctor.你需要去看医生. He needs to take a bus.他需要去搭车.作情态动词 : need +动词原形如: If she wants anything, she only need ask.她想要什么东西,只要开口就行了.You needn t finish this work today.你不必今日完成这项工作.4. too much +不行数名词表“太多的”much too +形容词表“太” ， much 起加强语气作用如： Don t eat too much meat.不要吃太多的肉。He is much too fat.他实在太胖了。5. give up舍弃Eg| ： In order to keep healthy， you must give up smoking and drinking.6. Staying up late is bad for your health.熬夜有害你的健康. V-ing短语做主语 staying up（ late ）熬夜（到很晚）6. throw about乱扔Eg： We shouldn t throw litter about.7. in public公共的Eg： We shouldn t smoke in public.8. more than超过less than少于Eg： There are more than 1000 students in that school. I do morning exercise less than three times a week.9. must“必需 ,肯定”如: We must study hard.我们必需努力学习.must表示估计时一般用于确定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can, 否定句中也可用功5可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结ay, 但 may not表示“可能不” ，而 can't表示“不行能” 。4 ）否定句中， mustn't表示禁止，意为“不答应”。以 must 开头的疑问句，确定回答应用 must ，而否定回答就常用needn't,needn't表示“不需要、不必” ，相当于 don't have to。如：There's someone knocking on the door. It must he Jim.有人敲门。确定是吉姆。Eg -Must we keep the windows open all the time.-No, we don t have to. / No, we needn t. 留意回答时不能用No, we mustnt.* have to“不得不 , 必需” ,侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事（可用于各种时态）如： It s too late. I have to go now.太迟了 . 现在我得走了.I had to borrow some money at that time.那时我不得不借了一些钱.Topic 3 We should do to fight SARS.1. hurry up赶快2. be on TV上电视Eg： He is on TV3. go ahead向前走。 着手干Eg： Go ahead and you will find a bank.-Mr. Wang ,I want to ask you a question.-Go ahead.4. build up使强健Eg:We must do as much exercise as we can to build up our bodies.5. take care of照料= look afterEg: The boy is too young to take care of himself.= The boy is too young to look after himself.6. It s my duty to save the patients.挽救病人是我的职责。It s my duty to do sth做是我的责任Eg： It s our duty to keep the classroom clean.7. on通过，使用Eg： Now， more and more students learn English on Internet.8. Long time no see.好久不见。9. talk with sb.表 “与沟通”,指 “与人公平的沟通、争论”talk to sb.表示 “找某人谈话”,在口语中常“批判某人”如: Jim s father is talking with the teacher.吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈. I will talk to him about his careless.我要找他谈话, 批判他的马虎大意.10. teach oneself自学= learn by oneselfEg： His familyistoopoor to affordhiseducation,sohe teachhimselfafterschool.11. enjoy oneself = have a good time玩得兴奋12. help sb to do sth = help sb. with sth.帮忙某人做某事如: I helped my mother cook at home.= I helped my mother with the cook at home.我在家帮我母亲做饭.Unit3 Our HobbiesTopic 1 What hobbies did you use to have .6可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. What beautiful stamps.Page 53哇，那么美丽的邮票！what 引导的感叹句（ 1） . What +aan形容词可数名词的单数形式主语十谓语！What a beautiful girl she is！她是一个多么美丽的女孩吖！（ 2） . What 形容词可数名词的复数形式主语谓语！女日：What important jobs they have done！他们做了多么重要的工作吖！（ 3） . What 形容词不行数名词主语谓语！如：How sweet water it is！多甜的水吖！how 引导的感叹句（ 1） . How 十形容词或副词主语谓语！如：How interesting the dog is！多么好玩的狗吖！（ 2） . How 形容词 a/an 可数名词的单数形式主语谓语！如：How useful a subject they are learning！他们正在学的科目多么有用吖！（ 3） . How 主语谓语！如：How time flies！时间过得真快吖！技巧总结：从后往前划出主语、谓语，然后看前部的中心词，名词用what，形容词、副词用 how 。2. Wecan learna lotaboutpeople,places,history,and specialtimesfromstamps. Page 53 通过这些邮票我们可以学到很多关于人文、的理、历史和特殊时代的学问。a lot“很多、大量” ，用在动词后，同very much 。如 : eg： She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.另外， a lot of和 lots of的意思也是“很多、大量”，要用在名词前，在确定句中常 代替 much， many。Eg： There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有很多历史书。There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有很多雪。a lot of和 lots of之间没有多大区分，都可以与可数名词和不行数名词连用。与不行数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。3. What things do you love collecting. Page 53你喜爱集什么东西？ love + doing表示“喜爱、爱好” ，也可以用like+ doing表示。如： 1） I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。5.I am interested in playing sports. Page 54我对运动感爱好。be interested in doing sth.“对感爱好”如:I.am interested in reading books.我对读书特殊感爱好。Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感爱好。6.What do you often do in your spare time.在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？in one s spare time“在业余时间” “在闲暇之际” ，也可用in one s free time替换。如:eg： I shall do it in my spare time.我会在我的业余时间做这件事。In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。.7. I often go fishing. Page 55我常常去钓鱼。go + doing表示“去做某事”go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余消遣活动。如:7可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1) Let s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。2) Are you going hiking this weekend.这个周末你准备去远足吗？另外仍有： go hunting去打猎 .go shooting去射击 .go swimming去游泳go bathing去沐浴 .go shopping去购物 .go climbing去爬山8. And I do a lot of reading.我通常都是阅读一些书籍。在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：漫步 .do some walking . .do a lot of walking读书 .do some.readingdo a lot of reading洗衣服 .do some.washingdo a lot of washing买东西 .do some shoppingdo a lot of shopping清扫 .do some cleaningdo a lot of cleaning9. Why not go out and do some outdoor activities.为什么不走出去做一些户外运动了？用 why not do sth用来征求对方的看法或表达建议。使用这种句子必需要有上下文， 如：Why not run a little faster.为什么不跑快一点了？11. And I wasn t interested in sports at all.我对运动一点爱好都没有。not.at all“一点也不” 。“全然不”。如：1） I didn t mind it at all.我一点也不在意。2） Thank you for helping me.感谢你帮忙我。Not at all.没关系。12. I used to know little about paintings.我过去不太懂绘画。little和 few 都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”。“很少”。little相当于 not much, few相当于 not many 。little与不行数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如：I have little time.我的时间很少。Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。而 a little和 a few含有确定的意思，表示“一些”。“几个”（虽然少，但有一些） 。如：Theres a little water in the glass.杯子里仍有点儿水。I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京仍有几个伴侣。13. I enjoy listening to rock music. Page 56我喜爱听摇滚音乐。enjoy意为“喜爱，观赏” ，含有“乐于、享受之乐趣”之意，其后可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”之意。The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜爱在中国居住。 Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo.你在动物园玩得开心吗？ Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜爱中国菜。prefer意为“宁愿、更喜爱” ，用于两者之间的挑选，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。 prefer.to.表示“宁愿，不愿”，“喜爱而不喜爱” ，其中 to 为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如：Which do you prefer, tea or coffee.你比较喜爱喝茶，仍是喝咖啡？I prefer walking to cycli