初三英语被动语态.docx

精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载动词的语态动词的语态用以说明句中主语和谓语的关系。假如主语是动作的执行者，动词形式为主动语态。假如主语是动作的承担者，动词形式为被动语态。被动语态与主动语态一样，也是中考的重要考点之一，分值约占中考总分值的8%。考查的内容主要有被动语态的用法、被动语态的结构、被动语态与主动语态的相互转化、不能使用 被动语态的句型等。考查的形式包括用所给的动词的适当形式填空、单项挑选、句型转换、完型填空、阅读懂得等。1被动语态的构成被动语态和主动语态一样，也有各种时态形式，其基本结构是，be+过去分词。被动语态的谓语和主语在规律上是动宾关系。中学阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态：(1) 一般现在时： am/is /are+过去分词History is made by people.历史是由人民制造的。(2) 一般过去时： was/were+过去分词The bookwas written byhim.这本书是他写的。Theradiowasntmended lastweek.上周这台收音机没被修理。（ 3）一般将来时： a. am/is/aregoing to be+过去分词。b.will/shall be +过去分词。Some trees will be planted this spring.今年春天将要植一些可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载树。Shall we be asked to studyEnglish.会不会要我们去学英语？（ 4）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词Themanmustbesenttohospital.这个人必需被送往医院。（ 5）现在进行时： am/is/are+being+过去分词Sometrees arebeingplanted by the students.Isafewfactoryeingbuiltinyourvillage.6 现在完成时： have/hasbeen +过去分词Sheis unhappy because she hasnt been asked to the party.她不兴奋，由于她没有被邀请去参与聚会。被动语态的基本用法：（1） ） 不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时用被动语态。Letters are collected at eightevery morning.信件每天早上八点收取。The glass was broken last night.玻璃被打坏了。（2） ） 为了强调或突出动作的承担者时。例如：The plan has already been made.方案已经制定好了。The bag was taken away by his sister.那个包被他姐姐拿走了。（3） ） 在上下文中，为了使句子连接更紧密（结构的需要）时要用被动语态。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载I have a new bike. It was given to me as a birthdaypresent by my father.我有一辆新自行车。它是父亲作为生日礼物送给我的。(3) 在新闻报道或科技论文中，常用被动语态来表示客观事实。A car accident happened on the highway this morning. Three manwere killed,the wounded were taken away to the hospital at once and policeman were sent there tocope with the event.今日早上高速大路发生一起车祸。三人丧生，伤者被立刻送往医院，并派了警察去处理这一大事。被动语态使用中应留意的问题1. 主动语态变为被动语态的方法。a. 宾语主语：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。例如：这个国家人们说法语。PeoplespeakFrench in the country.Frenchis spoken in thecountry.他在打一份报告She is typing a report.Areportis beingtyped by her.主语谓语被动谓语：be 动词要按新主语的人称和数作变化，谓语由主动结构变为被动结构。例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Therepairmanisfixingtheovens修.理工在修理炉子。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The ovensarebeingfixed bytherepairman炉.子在修理中。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Thepolicehavecaughtthethief警.察已经抓住了小偷。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Thethiefhas been caghtby the police小.偷已经被抓。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结My sistertookgoodcareofme我.姐姐很好的照料我。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I wastaken goodcare ofbymysister我被（姐姐）照料得很好。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载把主动语态的主语，改为by+原主语放在主谓结构之后。在 意思明确时 by 短语可以省略。如：We speakEnglish.English is spoken by us.（ 2）含有双宾语是句子有主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情形。把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语留在原位。把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语。此时，间接宾语前要加介词 “ to ”和“ for”.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结例如： He gave the boy an apple他.给男孩一个苹果。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The boy was given an appleby him.An apple was given to the boy.（ 3）如动词短语为不行分割的整体，短语中的介词不能省略。1.We must take good care of the young trees. The young tress must be taken good care of. 2.You must pay attention to the problem.The problem must be paid attention to.4感官动词或使役性动词在主动语态中与省略“to ”的 动词不定式连用，但变为被动语态的时候，必需仍原“to ”I often hear her sing in the next room.She is often heard to sing in the next room.5主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语只将主动语态中宾语变为被动语态的主语。宾语补足语不变。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载We should keep our school clean and tidy. 我们应当保持学校的洁净和洁净。Our school should be kept clean and tidy.I find him in bad health.我发觉他身体很差。He was found in bad health.主动形式表被动意义的情形表示主语内在特性的动词，如：read, write,wash, sell cut, open,clean等常与副词 well, easily, smoothly 等连用。The pen writes well.The books sell well.连系动词：一“be”一“显现”（ appear）三“保持”stay, remain, keep四“起来” （ look ， smell,sound, taste）五“变成” become, get, grow, fall, turn仍有“似乎”（ seem）和“感觉” feel这些词加上形容词表被动。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结例:The food tastes delicious这.个是我尝起来很好吃。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The soup smells great.这个汤闻起来真棒。动词need, require, want, deserve 后接 Ving的主动结构表被动意义。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The car needs cleaning你.的车需要洗了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Your hair needs cutting.你的头发需要剪了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载有些动词，如cook， print 等，常用主动结构表被动意义。The lunch is cooking.不用被动语态的五种情形（1） ） 谓语为连系动词时不用被动语态。He looks fine.他看起来气色很好。The material feels soft.这个材料摸起来感觉很松软。（2） ） 谓语为不及物动词（短语） ， 如 appear, fail,happen, fallasleepbreak out, die, end, last, remain, sit, come true, take place, lie 不. 能用被动语态。The war broke out in the end.战争最终爆发了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I happened to meet him there我.碰巧在那遇见他。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（3） ） 宾语为动词不定式，动词的ing 形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法，爱好，或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。He decided to go with us.他打算和我们一起去。She likes to swim.她喜爱游泳。（4） ） 宾语是相互代词，反身代词，同源宾语时等，一般不用被动语态。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We should help each other我.们应当相互帮忙。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He thinks of himself too much.他为自己考虑得太多。（5） ） 宾语表示处所，的点时，一般不用被动语态。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载We will reach the station in two hours.我们两小时内将到达车站。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He has gone to London他.已经去伦敦。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结点击中考一挑选题（真题回放）1. Hefall of the tree.A. was seen toB. was seenC. saw toD. saw2. An accidentlast night.A. was happenedB. happenedC. happensD. is happened.3. Great changesin our city since 19e 80.A.tookplaceB.have taken place C. were taken place D. have been taken place.4. Studentsto close the windows before they leave the physics and chemistry lab.A. tellB. will be toldC. was invitingD. invited5. Many students in Sichuanto shanghai to study last year.A. be sentB are sentC. were sentD. have been sent6. Thanksgiving Dayon the fourth Thursday in November in the U.S every year.A. is celebratedB. was celebratedC. will celebratedD.is celebrating7. This was the first time Davidto join in an out-of-school activity.A. askedB. was askedC.asksD.is asked8. It is almost known to all that the Olympics Gamesevery four years.A. holdB.is heldC.holdsD.are held9. The foreign guestsaround our city by our school bus this afternoon. A.will be shownB.will showC.would be shownD.would show可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载10. Finally,the big serious forest fireby the firemen yesterday. A.puts outB.had put outC.was put outD.has put out11. More monkeyto protect the environment next year. A.usesB.is used C.will useD.will be used12. Do you think this shirtreal silk.A.is made ofB.is made fromC.is made up ofD.is made into13. The newspaper says that more moneyfighting pollution next year. A.will spendB.will be spentC.would spendD.would be spent14. The fireout by firemen in that building an hour ago.A. was putB. putsC. is puttingD. is put15.A candidate for the postat the moment.A. isinterviewingB.beinginterviewingC.interviewingD.isbeing interviewed二用所给词的适当形式填空。1. English speak all over the world. 2.Jim can draw3. Trees plant last year.4. Thework finish in three days. 5.They flyto America yesterday.6. The book can t takeout of the library.7. The sick man operate on now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. The classroom already 9.The trees water just now.clean.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10. Can the book （ read） out of the library.三句型转换A. （将以下主动语态的句子转换为被动语态） 1.Farmers grow rice in the south. . 2.They cut down many trees in the past. .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载2. Someone must take care of the children when we go out. .3. People will never forget the accident. .4. Xiao Liu has invited Tim to a lunch party. .5. Wokers are building a bridge over the river. .6. He was writing a letter at that time. .B.将以下被动语态的句子变为主动语态。1.Spanish is spoken in South America.people .2. The homework must be finished today.the students .3. All the new words must be looked up in a dictionary. .四依据所给汉语提示，完成句子。1.世界上很多国家都讲英文。English in many countries all over the world. 2.你知道纸是中国创造的吗？Do you know that paper in China . 3.这台电视这儿能修理。The TV set here. 4.我们村里明年要建一座桥。A bridge in our village next year. 5.这个问题正在争论中。你能给我一些建议吗.The problem now . Can you give me some advic？e6. 窗子已经关了吗？ 是的，已经关好了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载 the windows already. Yes ,they are.7.你应当自己做家庭作业。Your homework by yourself.7. 足球竞赛什么时候举办？When the football game .8. 这本书确定是刘博士写的。The book by Dr.Brown.五按括号中的要求完成以下各题。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. The book may be kept for two weeks.对 the books 划线部分提问 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. Your homework must be handed in today改. in your homework today.为主动语态 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. the postcards have been sent by his siste改r.为一般疑问句 thepostcards by his sister.4. The test is very difficult,so many studentscan改为t同un义derstand it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结句The test is too difficult to .5. The children are looked after carefully改为同义句 The children .六改错1. The old man should speak topolitely. ABCD2. Didthe boytake care ofby his mother. ABCD3. Isthe boytaken carewellby his mother. ABCD可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载4.Theywereplantedmanytreesyesterday. ABCD5. Look. the manis sending to the hospital. ABCD6. Didthe windowcleanedyesterday. ABCD可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载