名词性从句用法归纳.docx

精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载名词性从句 ：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句Noun Clauses）。名词性从句在复合句中能担任:主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。 名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、从属连词（5 个）：（1） that 无词义，在从句中不做成分，在宾语从句或表语从句中that 有时可以省略（2） whether ，if有词义，在从句中不做成分（whether ，if 均表示 “是否 ”之意，说明从句内容的不确定性）不行以省略（3） as if, as though （均表示 “似乎 ”， “似乎 ”之意）在从句中不做成分2、连接代词（ 9 个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever，有词义， 在从句中做成分，不行以省略 （ who what which在从句中做主语、宾语、 其中 what指代没有范畴的事物，which 指代有范畴的事物，表“挑选哪一个 ”whom做宾语 whose 做定语）3、连接副词（ 7 个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however有词义，在从句中做状语，不行以省略4、that 省略的情形 ：（ 1）定语从句中做宾语（ 2） that 引导宾语从句时（ 3） that 引导表语从句时（ 4）主语从句中it 做形式主语， that 从句置于句末时5、that 不行省略的情形：（ 1）定语从句中做主语（ 2）由 that 引导主语从句放句首时（ 3） that 引导同位语从句时（ 4）宾语从句中iit 做形式宾语，真正的that 宾语从句中that 不行以省略ii 一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导其次个和以后几个句子中的that 不行以省略iii 与动词相隔的宾语从句，不行以省略iv that 引导的宾语从句放在句首时，不行以省略二. 主语从句1、主语从句 ：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由以下词引导：1）从属连词that， whether 等。2）连接代词what， who ， which ， whatever， whoever， whom等。3 连接副词how ， when， where， why等。2、that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用， 在从句中充当从句的成分。注：whom、who 指人， what 指物，whatever ，whoever 表示泛指意义。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown.It is known to us how he became a writer.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.留意：有时为防止句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（ 1） It + be +名词+ that 从句： It is a fact that事实是It is an honour that特别荣幸It is common knowledge that是常识It is a pity that遗憾 （ 2） It + be +动词的过去分词+ that 从句 :It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It has been proved that 已经证明可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It is believed that It is supposed that（ 3） It +不及物动词（ vi ） + that从句：It seems that似乎 It happened that 碰巧It appears that似乎（ 4） It + be +形容词+ that 从句人们 认为据 推测可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It is natural that It is strange that很 自 然古怪 的是 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结留意 :在主语从句中用来表示诧异、不信任、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “should +do ，”常用的句型有：It is necessary important, natural, strange, etc. that It is suggested requested, proposed, desired, etc. that3、It作形式主语和it 引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平稳句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that引导，被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom 。例如：a) It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film.b) It doesn t interest me whether you succeed or not.c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.（强调句型）d) It is John that broke the window.（强调句型）4、留意：since, if 不能引导主语从句，但当 it 做形式主语， 主语从句放在句末时，if, whether均可5、主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：（1） if引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首。（2） It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如：正确表达： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3） It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达： That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4） It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如：正确表达： It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不行提前。例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening.错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely.6、what 与 that在引导主语从句时的区分what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 就不然。例如：a) What you said yesterday is right.b) That she is still alive is a consolation三、表语从句表语从句： 在复合句中， 位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if 引导。可以接表语从句的系动词有be ,look , remain （保持） , seem 等可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结常用的仍有the reason is thatIt i s becauseIt appears/seems that可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It happens thatIt tu rns out that（结果是 .）等结构由从属连词，连接代词，连接副词引导，其中that 经常可以省略由 as if ， as though 引导It looks as ifIt seems as ifwhy, because 都可以引导表语从句，但why 强调结果， because强调理由当主语为suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand等这类名词时，表语从句用虚拟语气（ should） doif 不能引导表语从句留意：当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that 引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【留意】 whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if 却通常不用于引导表语从句。四、同位语从句1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的详细内容。同位语从句通常由that 引导， that 不行以省略由 whether 引导，不行用if2、可用于同位语从句的名词有belief 、advice、demand、doubt（怀疑）、possibility 、though 、proposal、case、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem 、promise 、question、request、suggestion、truth 、wish、word 等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.3、在 no idea 后用 wh- 疑问词引导4、 同位语从句与定语从句的区分(1) 定语从句中的that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特点。同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句， that 在句中不作任何成分）五、宾语从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载宾语从句 ：名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。由从属连词、连接代词、连接副词引导。1. 由连接词that 引导的宾语从句由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,其次个分句前的that 不行省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.We must never think that we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.留意：在 demand、order（命令）、suggest、decide、insist（坚持） , desire, urge，advice， propose，require， request, command（命令） , doubt 等表示要求、命令、建议、打算等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（ should）+ 动词原形 ”。例如：I insist that she should do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops should set off at once.2. 用 who ， whom,which,whose, what,when, where, why,how, whoever,whatever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特别疑问句，应留意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的次序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外， whether 与 if在作 “是否 ”的意思讲时在以下情形下一般只能用whether，不用 if ：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时。b. 引导表语从句时。c . 引导从句作介词宾语时。d. 从句后有 “or not时”。 e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.I wonder whether he will come or not.Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.4. 留意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句依据自身的句子情形，而使用不同时态。例如：I know that he studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）I know that he studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）I know that he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）I know that he has studied English since 1998.（从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would 除外），从句就要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，就从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose ，guess, expect, fancy, consider 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I don t believe he will do so.我信任他不会这样做。6、后面不能接that 从句的动词有： condemn 声讨，判刑force 强迫take 拿走forgive原谅dislike不喜爱refuse 拒绝letlikelovehelpadmire 仰慕allowcelebrate cause可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载注：以上动词后不能接that 从句，但可以用不定式，动名词做宾语。六、 whether 与 if均为 " 是否 "的意思。但在以下情形下，只可用whether ：1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首时，只能用 whether，当 it 做形式主语， 主语放句首时，whether， if 均可eg:whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic2. 引导表语从句eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her3. whether 从句作介词宾语e.g:It depends on whether he will come.4. if 与 whether 都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whetherWe didn't know whether or not she was ready. （此时只能用whether） I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此时就二者都可以用）5. 引导同位语从句Whether he will come is not clear.6.后接不定式时Eg I don t know whether to go.7.在 discuss后只能用whether留意：（ 1）大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。Itis not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.（ 2） whether 从句中不能有否定式，而if 可以I don t care if he doesnt come.七、名词性that- 从句（ 1）由从属连词that 引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That 只起连接主句和从句的作 用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语： That she is still alive is her luck.她仍活着全靠运气。宾语： John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语： The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语： The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室全部的人担心。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.2） That- 从句作主语通常用it 作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清晰，整个方案注定要失败。It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不行真是件憾事。用 it 作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be + 形容词 + that- 从句It is necessary that有必要 It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that很明显 b. It + be + -ed分词 + that- 从句It is believed that人们信任 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载It is known to all that众所周知 It has been decided that已打算 c. It + be + 名词 + that- 从句It is common knowledge that是常识 It is a surprise that 令 人 惊 奇 的 是It is a fact that 事 实 是 d. It + 不及物动词 + that-从句It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 八、名词性wh-从句1）由 wh- 词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh- 从句。 Wh- 词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。Wh- 从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外，仍可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.直接宾语： In one's own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语： The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.同位语：I have no idea when he will return.形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.2） Wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词it 做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.It remains unknown when they are going to get married.九、 if, whether 引导的名词从句1） yes-no 型疑问从句从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或挑选疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no 型疑问句从句和挑选型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如：主语： Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.宾语： Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.表语： The point is whether we should lend him the money.同位语： They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.形容词宾语：She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.2）挑选性疑问从句挑选性疑问从句由关联词if/whethero或rwhetheror not 构成，例如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I don't care whether you like the plan or not. if 和 whether 的 区 别 ： 1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如：例 8 I cant decide whether to stay.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载2 、 在 whetheror not 的固定搭配中。如：例 9 I want to know whether its good news or not .3 、在介词后，只能用whether。如：例 10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 。4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether 。如： Whether this is true or not, I really dont know.（例 11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem .他们是否能准时完成这项工作仍是个问题。此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出）5、用 if 会引起歧义时，只用whether 。如：例 12 Could you tell me if you know the answer .这句话有两种意思：“你能告知我是否知道答案吗？”或“假如你知道答案，请告知我，好吗？ ”。如用 whether 可防止歧义 .十、否定转移1) 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用确定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不熟悉你。I don' t believe he will come.我信任他不回来。留意：如谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。2) 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。not 否定动名词短语havingIt's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上生疏的人。 anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.否定状语 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 否定 because状语 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 否定状语many weeks她结婚仍不到几个星期，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载