外研版九级上册英语语法知识点归纳总结.docx
精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.一. 现在进行时的用法外研版九年级英语上语法汇总可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结现在进行时主要用来表示现在活当前一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。例如: I'm watching TV now.例如: Lucy is preparing for the test these days, but now she is playing the piano.现在进行时确定句的结构:主语+be( am/is/are) +动词的现在分词(-ing )以动词 work 为例:确定式I am working.He/she/it is working.We/You/They are working.疑问式Am i working.Is he/She/It working.Are we/you/they working.1,I am not working.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结否定式否定疑问式2,He/She/It is notisn t working. 3,We/You/They are notaren t working. 1,Am i not working.2,Is he/she/it not working.或 Isn t he/she/it working.3,Are we/you/they not working.或 Aren t we/you/they working.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结留意: come,go,leave,arrive ,fly ,start,begin 等动词, 可用现在进行时表示将来的概念。例如: The train is leaving in five minutes.二. 一般将来时的用法1. be going to 引导的一般将来时be going to 表示将要发生的事或准备、方案要做某事,它是一般将来时的一种表达形式,其后常有表示将来的时间状语,如 tomorrow 、next week 等,形式是: be going to + 动词原形。be 随着主语人称和数的变化而变化,而 going to 固定不变,to 是不定式符号, 后跟动词原形。例如:I am going to study hard this term.我准备这学期努力学习。She is going to write to him as soon as possible.她准备尽快给他写信。2. will引导的一般将来时will 是助动词,意为“将。将要 ”,其后要跟动词原形,即“ will +动词原形 ”构成一般将来时,描述从现在来看将要发生的事情或表达对将来的推测等。助动词will可用于各种人称,无 人称和数的变化。句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow 、next week 、in ten years等。确定句:主语 +will+ 动词原形 +其他。否定句:主语 +will not/won't +动词原形 +其他。一般疑问句: Will+ 主语 +动词原形 +其他?例如:I will visit my grandparents next weekend.下周末,我将去拜望我的爷爷奶奶。-Will he pass the exam tomorrow. -Yes, he will. -他将会通过明天的考试吗?-是的,他会的。留意:shall+ 动词原形,可用于主语为第一人称的一般将来时英国人的用法 。例如: Where shall we meet tomorrow.我们明天在哪里会面?Be going to 和 will的区分: be going to 既可以指主管准备也可以住客观迹象说明将要发生。will 往往指没有经过方案,暂时显现的意图,常伴有说话者的主观意愿或指将来必定发生的事。例如: I am going to quit my present job. 我准备辞去目前的工作。目前经过摸索后的准备,指向将来I will answer the door. 我去开门。 未经事先考虑的意图可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.The little boy is going to fall over.这个小男孩要摔倒了。 依据客观迹象得出判定I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我期望明天会好起来。(主观意愿)三,一般现在时的用法(1)概念: 表示常常性, 习惯性动作。 也表示客观真理。 用于时间或条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现 ”主语将来时,从句一般现在时这一规律。(2)常与以下单词或词组连用:always,usually ,often, sometimes,every week day ,year, month, once a week,on Sundays例: We are always ready to help others.(3)基本结构:主语+is/am/are 或 do/does动词原形 /动词第三人称单数形式)例: It always snows here at this time.(4)否定形式:谓语动词为be 动词时,需改成am/is/are+not 。如谓语动词为行为动词,就在其前加don't/doesn't,行为动词复原原形。例: He doesn't know what to say.(5)一般疑问句:谓语动词为be 动词时,需将is/am/are 放于句首。如谓语动词为行为动词,需将助动词do/does 提至句首,同时行为动词复原原形。例: Does he know what to say.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。四,一般过去时的用法(1)概念:表示过去某一段时间所发生的动作和存在的状态。(2)时间状语: ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday ,last week ,lastyear,night ,month,in 1989 , just now , at the age of 5, one day, long long ago , once upon a time, etc。(3)基本结构:主语+be 动词的过去形式/ 行为动词的过去式(4)否定形式:was/were+not。在行为动词前加didn't ,同时行为动词复原原形。(5)一般疑问句:be 动词将 was 或 were 放于句首。行为动词用助动词do 的过去式 did提问,同时行为动词复原原形。例: She often came to see us in those days. He didn't know you were so busy.留意:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表将来动作。Alina said she would come if I waited for her.艾琳娜说假如我等她,她会来的。五,现在完成时(1)概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开头,连续到现在的动作或存在的状态。(2)时间状语:recently , lately , never, before, for , since, in the past few years , etc。(3)基本结构:have/has + done动词的过去分词(4)否定形式:have/has + not +done(5)一般疑问句:把have 或 has 提到句首。例: I have read the book before.Zhengzhou has changed a lot in the past few years.留意:现在完成时表动作从过去某个时候开头始终连续到现在,与一段时间连用时应留意举重的谓语动词应是连续性动作,非连续性动作在确定句不行和一段时间连用。错误: I have left this school for 8 years.正确: I have been away from school for 8 years.在否定句中非连续性动词可与一段时间连用。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.I haven't gone to see him for several months.非连续性动作连续性动作非连续性动作连续性动作BuyHaveFinishBe overBorrowKeepDieBe deadOpenBe openCatch a coldHave a coldCloseBe closedPut onWearBegin/startBe onGet upBe upComeBe hereWake upBe awakeGoBe thereFall asleepBe asleepLoseNot haveJoinBe inLeaveBe awayArrive/reachBeMarry/get marriedBe married我已经好几个月没去看他了。连续性动词换为连续性动词一, as soon as引导时间状语从句as soon as引导时间状语从句,从句动作一发生, 主句动作立刻发生,意为 “一就”。假如主句用一般将来时或含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时表示将来。当从句中用一般过去时的时候,主句用过去的某种时态。主句将来时as soon as 从句过去时主将从现 主句过去时as soon as 从句过去时例如:I will tell him the good news as soon as he comes back.他一回来,我就会告知他这个好消息。My father started to read the newspaper as soon as he sat down.我父亲一坐下就开头看报纸。二, when/while/as 引导的时间状语从句1. when 意为 “当的时候 ”,当引导从句时,谓语动词可用连续性动词,也可用短暂性动词。从句中的动词可表动作,也可表状态。主语的动作可以与从句的动作时间同时,也可不 同时。例: When I was watching TV, my mother came back.2. while 意为 “在的时候。在期间 ”,指一个时间段,从句中的谓语动词必需是连续性动词,强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中。例: My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspapers.3. as 意为 “当的时候。 随着”,从句中的谓语动词可用连续性动词,也可用短暂性动词。强调两个动作同时发生。或某事一发生,另一事立刻发生。例: As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. The little girls sang as they danced.异同点when/while/as 都是可用在时间状语从句前的连词,意为“当时候 ”。1. 相同点:从句谓语是连续性动词时:when、while 和 as 可以互换。但是多用while 。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.例: Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as/when/while father was away in France.2. 不同点:三, 由连词 till/untilnot.until 引导的时间状语从句till / until在表达方式和意义上的特别性:until 是 till 的强调形式,但是它们表达的意义是相 同的,都表示“直到某时 ”。不过,当主句是否定句时,它引出的意思是“直到(某时)(某可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结动作)才(发生)”,这时候常会显现“not until/till的结构”。例如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They didn't notice their mistakes till we pointed them out to them.直到我们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。但是,当主句是确定句时,它引出的意思是“直到(某时某动作停止了)”。例如:The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom.直到老师走进教室同学们才停止了大声喧哗。另外, until 可以放在句首而till 就不行。我们只能说:Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy.在他们花光他们全部的钱之前,这对年轻夫妇都很高兴。这两个词意义相同。确定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”,动词必需是连续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为连续性或非连续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判定句中的动词该用确定式仍是否定式。确定句:如: I slept until midnight.我始终睡到半夜时醒了。否定句:如: She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.她直到 6 点才到。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。四, 由连词 before/after/as soon as 引导的时间状语从句1. before 和 afterBefore 表示在 .之前,先于, 到.为止, 才。before 引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。before 引导的时间状语,当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时 例如:Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。after 与 before,在.之后。当从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前,假如强调从句的动作发生在前,从句谓语要用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时。例如:He went out for a walk after he had finished the work .他完成这项工作后他出去漫步。当从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前,如不强调动作的先后, 主句和从句均用一般过去时。例如:He went to bed after he finished his homework last night .五,由连词 since 引导的时间状语从句Since 引导的时间状语从句,表示自.以来。主句一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过 去时。since 表示 “自从以来 ”,作连词可以引导时间状语从句。如:We have known each other since we were children.我们从小熟悉。They ve moved twice since they got married.他们结婚后已搬了两次家。这类句子的主句通常用现在完成时。但是, 当主句表示一段时间时,可用一般现在时代替现在完成时, Since 从句不行以用否定式。例如:It s a long time since we met las好t. 久没见面了。How long is it since you came to London.你来伦敦有多久了.It has been 2 years since we last met.自从上次见面以来已经有两年了。一,结果状语so that 引导结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用can 和 may 等词, 而且从内容上看主句和它引导的结果状语从句有因果关系,主句为因,从句为果。如:1. He gets up early so that he can catch the first bus.他起床早为的是能赶上第一班汽车。(表目的,目的状语从句)2. He got up late so that he didn't catch the first bus.他起床晚了以致于他没有赶上第一班车。(表结果,结果状语从句)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结so.that. 和 such.that.如此 .“.以致于 .引导”结果状语从句。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(1) so +形容词 /副词 + that + 从句 ,如:例: This story is so interesting that I want to read it again.这个故事如此好玩以致我想再读一次.例: He spoke so quickly that I couldn't follow him.他说得如此快以致我跟不上他了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.(2) so+形容词 + a/an +单数可数名词+ that + 从句例: She is so lovely a girl that everyone loves her.她是如此可爱的一个女孩以致每个人都喜爱她。(3) such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数可数名词 +that+ 从句以及such+形容词 +复数可数名词 /不行数名词 +that+ 从句:例: She is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her.她是如此可爱的一个女孩以致每个人都喜爱她。Those are such beautiful flowers that the girl wants to pick them.那些花是如此美丽以致那个女孩想要摘下它们.留意: so 后面跟形容词、副词或由few , little , a little , many, much 修饰的名词。例如:He ran so quickly that I couldn't catch up with him他跑得太快,我赶不上他。The box costs so little that I can afford it. 这个箱子很廉价,我买得起。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结二, 目的状语从句从句表示的是主句行为的目的从句就叫目的状语从句,常用的连词有: so tha(t以便),in order可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结that(为了。以便)。从句谓语一般含有may, might, can, could, will, would等表示可能性的情态动词。例: Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear you.留意 : 在口语中so 可以引导目的状语从句。例:We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我们坐的靠前一点,因此, 我们听得清晰一点。引导目的状语时so that 与 in order that 用法相同, 不过 so that 引导的目的状语从句不能置于句首so that 仍可以表示结果,意思为 “以致于, 以便 ”,也就是说由so that 引导的状语从句可以认为是目的状语从句,也可以懂得为结果状语从句。区分时关键看从句是否含有情态动词。留意 :短语 in order to和 so as to 表示为了, +动词原形。 当从句与主句主语一样时,可用 so as to, in order to 与目的状语从句互换。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.= He worked day and night in order to succeed.他日以继夜的工作想要获得胜利。We will sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better= We will sit in the front of the tall so as to/in order to hear better.我们将坐在大厅的前面,以便能听得更清晰。三, 引导缘由状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since等。 because引导的缘由状语从句一般放于主句之后,because表示直接缘由,语气最强,最适合 回答 why 引导的疑问句。since 引导的缘由状语从句一般放于主句之前,表示已知的、明显的理由。意为“既然 ”,较为正式,语气比because弱。 as 引导的缘由状语从句表示附带说明的“双方已知的缘由”,语气比 since 弱,位置较为敏捷,常放于主句之前。如:I do it because I like it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.留意:1. because不与 so 连用。正: Because it was raining, we stayed at home. It was raining, so we stayed at home.误: Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.2. because引导的缘由状语从句有时可与because of 短语进行转换。 because+从句,because of+名词(短语)。如: He can't come because he is ill. = He can't come because of his illness.系动词:表示感官、表象的连系动词look, feel, smell, sound, taste, seem, appear形容词在系动词后构成系表结构。常见系动词有:1. be2. 变化系动词:become, get, turn, grow, go3. 保持系动词:keep, remain, stay4. 感官系动词:look, smell, taste, feel, sound5. 其他: seem, fall, lie, appear 等例:1. This shirt feels soft.这件衬衫摸起来很松软。2. The egg soup tastes delicious. 这个蛋汤品尝起来美味。3. My sister looks a bit sad.我妹妹看起来有一点难过。4. Mr. Li got angry when he knew that his windows were broken.当李先生知道他的窗户坏了的时候,他愤怒了。When 引 导 的 时 间 状 语 从 句when 引导时间状语从句时,表示 “当(在)时候 ”。when 相当于 at that time 或 during that time,既指时间点,也可指一段时间,引导的从句可用短暂性动词,也可用连续性动词(后者相当于while )。例:1. Jim came in while/when Kate was watching TV.Kate 正在看电视的时候,Jim 进来了。2. Jim was reading when the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候,Jim 正在读书。补充:while 引导时间状语从句时,表示“当(在)时”,强调 during that time , while 从句中常用连续性动词或表状态的词。留意:while 可表示比较,此时前后时态应一样。例:Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV .Kate 正在看电视而Jim 正在读书。though、although 和 as可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.引导让步状语从句的连词有though、although 和 as等。 though 和 although 表示 “虽然, 纵然 ”之意, 在一般情形下可以互换使用。在口语中, though 较常使用, although 比 though 正式,二者都可与yet、still 或 never、the less 连用,但不能与but 连用。例: Although/Though he was exhausted, still he kept on working.虽然他精疲力尽了,但他仍旧坚持工作可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结so.that.如此 “以致于”,引导结果状语从句,其引导四种不同的句子结构如下:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. so+形容词 +that 从句如: It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game.外面天气太冷了,我们不得不停止竞赛。2. so+形容词 +a/an+单数名词 +that 从句如: She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much.她做的饭菜那么好吃,结果我们都吃得太多了。3. so+副词 +that 从句如: He did so well in the examination that everyone praised him.他考得那么好,人人都赞扬他。4. so+many/much/few/little (意为 “少量的 ”) +名词 +that 从句如: I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.我跌了那么多跤,全身跌得青一块,紫一块的。否定的祈使句 表示禁止的结构讲解:在英语表达中, 常用 No doing. No + n.或者 Don't do等句型表达在某些场合“禁止某种行为 ”,或对某种行为进行劝阻,但并非全部的动词或名词都可以这样表达,常见的搭配如下:由连词 if 引导的条件状语从句与祈使句的转换由连词 if 引导的条件状语从句与祈使句的转换If 引导的条件状语从句可转换成简洁句,变成“祈使句 +and/or+ 简洁句 ”的结构,其中and 表示句意顺承, or 表示句意转折。例: If you work hard, you'll pass the exam. Work hard, and you'll pass the exam.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结.学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -.假如你努力学习,你就会通过考试。 例: If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.Hurry up, or you'll be late.假如你不快点,你将会迟到特别疑问词引导的宾语从句连接代词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接代词what、who 、 whom、whose、which 等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。如:Do you know who will come this afternoon.(作主语)你知道今日下午谁会来吗?Did you hear what she said. (作宾语) 你听到她说的话了吗?I don't know who you are. (作表语) 我不知道你是谁。Could you tell me which gate we have to go to. (作 gate 的定语) 你能告知我我们要去哪扇大门吗?连接副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when、where、 how 、why 等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,不行省略。如:We didn't know when she would come back.我们不知道她会什么时候回来。Do you know where he lives now.你知道他现在住在哪里吗?说明:含 how 的词组也可引导宾语从句。主要有 how old 、how many 、how much 、how long 、how often 、how far 等。如:Do you know how old he is.你知道到他多大年纪吗?if 引导的条件状语从句1. if 意为 “假如 ”,引导条件状语从句时,既可放在主句前面,也可放在主句后面。如if 条件句放在句首,从句后面要加逗号与主句隔开。If you go there, I'll go, too.假如你去那儿,我也会去。My mother will take me to the