英语素材人教版初三英语上册知识点复习总结及名师讲解 .docx

精品名师归纳总结初三年级（上）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. at the moment2. used to3. for a while4. walk away with sth.5. leave for some place6. sooner or later7. pay for8. come up with an idea9. think of10. have a try11. all over the world12. be famous for13. large numbers of14. all the year round15. no matter what16. give up17. for example18. by the way19. on business20. so far21. come true22. set off23. slow down24. go on doing25. wait for26. be proud of27. be afraid of可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结28. speak highly of29. a year and a half30. half a year31. pick up32. as soon as33. keep clean34. take care of35. cut down36. make a contribution to37. base on38. make sure39. take away40. begin with41. right now42. as soon as possible43. leave a message44. all kinds of things45. walk around46. fall asleep47. wake up48. go on a trip49. have a good time50. take photos51. come out52. come on53. have a family meeting54. talk about55. go for a holiday 56 go scuba diving57. write down可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结58. by oneself59. walk along60. get a chance to do sth61. have a wonderful time62. book a room63. have an accident64. be interested in65. use sth. to do sth.66. make a TV show67. be amazed at68. take part in69. feed on70. get out ofII. 重要句型1. Why don t you do sth.2. make sb. Happy3. borrow sth. from sb.4. forget to do sth.5. pay fro sth.6. return sth. To sb.7. learn sth. from sb.8. be famous for sth.9. No matter what10. be with sb.11. go on doing sth.12. speak highly of sb.13. keep doing sth.14. allow sb. To do sth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结15. encourage sb. to do sth.16. It is said thatIII. 交际用语1. - Excuse me, have you got.- Yes, I have. Sorry, I haven t.2. - Why don t you.- Thanks, I will.3. - Thanks a lot. Thank you very much.- You are welcome.4. - Have you ever done.- Yes, I have, once. No, never.5. - I ve just done- Really.6. - What s like .7. - How long have you been.- Since 8. - Have you ever been to.- I ve never been there. None of us has./ Only has. 9. - Would you like to have a try.- I don t think I can10. - What have you done since.11. - How long have you been at this.- For 12. - How long has she/ he worked there.- She s / He s worked there for / all her / his life.13. - I m sorry he isn t here right now.14. - May I help you.15. - That s very kind of you.16. -Could we go scuba diving.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结17. - Could you tell us how long we re going to be away.18. - Let s try to find some information about it, OK.19. - Could you please tell me how to search the Internet.20. - Go straight along here.21. -Please go to Gate 12.22. - Please come this way.23. - Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island.24. - That sounds really cool.IV. 重要语法1. 宾语从句2. 现在完成时3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较：【名师讲解】1. Maybe/ may be(1) maybe 是副词,意思是 “大致,或许 ”,常用作状语。例如： Maybe you put it in your bag.或许你把它放在包里了。 “Will he come tomorrow.”“ Maybenot. ” “他明天来吗？ ”“或许不”。(2) may be 相当于是情态动词may 与 be 动词搭配一起作谓语, 意思是 “或许是 ,可能是 ”。例如： It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。 The man may be a lawyer.那人或许是律师。2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use(1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西,即我们通常所说的“借进来 ”。例如： We often borrow books from our school library.我们常常从学校图书馆借书。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher.我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。borrow 是一个瞬时完成的动作,因此不能与时间段连用。例如： You can borrow my recorder for three days. 错误 I have borrowed this book for only one week. 错误 (2) lend 表示的是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通常所说的“借出去 ”。 例如：Thank you forlending me your bike. 感谢你把自行车借给我。He often lends money to his brother. 他常常借钱可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结给他弟弟。lend 与 borrow 一样,也是一个瞬时完成的动作,不能与一段时间连用。(3) keep 的意思也是 “借”,但一般是指借来后的储存或使用阶段,是一段连续的时间,因此可以与时间段连用。例如：You can keep my recorder for three days. 我的录音机你可以借用三天。I have kept this book for only one week. 这本书我才刚借了一星期。(4) use 也可以当 “借用 ”讲,但它的本意是 “用,使用 ”。例如： May I use your ruler.我能借你的尺子用一下吗？ He had to use this public telephone. 他不得不使用这部公用电话。3. leave/ leave for(1) leave 意思是 “离开,留下 ”。 例如： We left Shanghai two years ago. 我们两年前离开了上海。He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。(2) leave for 意思是 “前往 ”,表示要去的目的的。例如：We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下月去西藏。 The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。4. since/ for(1) since 用于完成时态,既能用作介词,也能用作连词,后常接时间点,意思是“自从 ”。 例如：He has been a worker since he came into this city. 自从他来到这个城市,他就是工人了。I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai . 自从我们上次在上海见过之后我再也没见过他。since 作连词,仍有 “既然 ”的意思。例如： Since you are interested in it, just do it.既然你对它感爱好, 那就做吧。 You can have fun now since youve finished your wo既rk然. 你已经做完了功课,就高兴玩会儿吧。(2) for 用于完成时,用作介词,后常接一段时间,意思是“经过 ”。例如： I have learned English for five years. 我已经学了五年英语了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes. 他们已经等了你三特别钟了。for 也可以用作连词,但意思是“由于 ”。 例如： They missed the flight for they were late. 他们由于完到了而误了航班。He fell ill for many reasons. 他由于多种缘由病倒了。5. neither/ either/ both(1) neither 作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为 “两者都不 ”,作主语时谓语动词用单数.例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Neither of the boys is from England. 这两个男孩都不是来自英国。I know neither of them.他们两个我都不熟悉。neither 用作形容词, 也修饰单数名词, 意思与作代词时相同。 用作连词时, 一般与 nor 搭配, 表示 “既不 也不 ”。作主语时,谓语动词也遵循就近原就。例如： She neither ate nor drankyesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays.他和我们星期天都不踢球。(2) either 作代词时,是指两者中的任意一方,两者之 每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单数.例如： Either of the books is new. 这两本书任何一本都是新的. She doesn t like either of the film这s.两部电影她都不喜爱. either 作形容词 , 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同 .例如： Either school is near my home.这两所学校中的 任何一所学校都离我家很近.Either question is difficult.两个问题 中的任何一个 都难.either 作连词时 ,一般与 or 搭配 ,表示两者选其一,意思是“不是 就是 ”。作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原就。Either he or I am right. 不是他就是我是对的。Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me. 不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。(3) both 作代词时,指的是所涉及到的“两者都 ” ,故作主语时 ,谓语动词用复数形式。I like both of the stories. 这两个故事我都喜爱。 Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。both 作形容词时, 用来修饰两者 ,意思与作代词时相同 .Both his arms are hurt. 他的两只胳膊都受伤了。Both these students are good at English. 这两个同学都善于英语。both 用作连词时,多与 and 搭配,表示 “既又 , 不仅 而且 ” ,作主语时 ,谓语动词仍用复数形式。Both piano and violin are my bobbies. 钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。They study both history and physics.他们既学历史,又学物理。6. find/look for/ find out(1) find 强调找的结果,意思是“找到 ”。此外仍有 “发觉,发觉 ”的意思,后可接宾语从句。例如： Jim couldn t find his ha吉t. 姆找不着帽子了。 Have you found your lost keys.你找到丢失的钥匙了吗？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He found the lights were on along the street. 他发觉沿街的灯都亮了(2) look for 的意思为 “查找 ”,指的是找的动作而非结果。另外,仍有“希望,期望 ”的意思。例如： She is looking for her son. 她正在找她的儿子。 Weve been looking for the car since earlythis morning. 我们从今日一大早就开头找这辆车了。I look for the coming holiday.我期望着即将来临的假期。(3) find out 含有经过观看、讨论或探究而得知的意思,后常接较抽象的事物,意思是“找出, 发觉,查明（真相） ”等。例如： I can find out who took my money away.我能查出谁拿了我 的钱。Could you find out when the plane arrives.你能设法知道飞机何时到吗？7. forget to do/ forget doing(1) forget to do 是指遗忘去做某件事了, 即该事仍没有做。 例如： Please don t forget to call this afternoon. 今日下午不要忘了给我打电话。I forgot to take some small change with me. 我身上忘了带零钱了。(2) forget doing 是指遗忘某件已经做过的事情,即该事已经做了,但被遗忘了。例如： Heforgot telling me his address. 他忘了告知过我的址了。They forgot having been here before. 他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。8. stop doing/ stop to do(1) stop doing 是指停止做某事,即 doing 这个动作不再连续。例如： They stopped debating. 他们停止了辩论。（不辩论了） He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色他不得不停车。(2) stop to do 是指停下来开头做另一件事,即停止原先的事,开头做do 这个动作。例如： She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。（开头休息）They stopped to talk. 他们停下来开头交谈。9. except/ besides(1) except 是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了 ”,可以懂得为 “撇开 不谈 ”表,示两部分的不同。 Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很兴奋。（他们兴奋,而我却不兴奋） All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的全部游客都是日本人。（其他人是 日本人,可他不是）(2) besides 是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了 ”,可以懂得为 “除之外 仍、除之外 又”,表示两部分的相像性。例如：Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结仍有 25 个同学去看了电影。 他和另外 25 人都去了 We like biology besides English. 除了英语外,我们仍喜爱生物。（生物和英语都喜爱）besides 仍可用作副词,意思是“此外。而且 ”,常用于句首或句尾。例如： He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician. 他是一名宏大的思想家,除此以外, 他仍是一位政治家。They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.他们不仅勉励我,而且与我以金钱上的支持。10. keep doing/ keep on doing(1) keep doing 指的是连续的、坚持不断的做某事,中间不间断。例如： It kept blowing for a whole day. 刮了一成天风了。 The temperature keeps dropping.温度连续下降。(2) keep on doing 是指反复坚持做某事, 但动作之间略有间隔。 例如：They have kept on writing to each other for many years. 他们已经相互通信多年了。After drinking some water, he kept on talking. 喝了一些水后,他坚持讲话。11. seem/ look(1) seem 一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来 ”。 例如： The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很兴奋。 He seemed to be sorry for that. 他似乎为那件事感到愧疚。seem 能与 to do 结构连用,而 look 不能。 例如： It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。They seemed to have finished their work. 他们似乎已经完成了工作。在 it 作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。 例如： It seems that he is quite busy now. 他现在看起来很忙。It seems to us that there is nothing serious. 在我看来没什么大不了的。(2) look 用作 “看起来。似乎 ”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判定,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。例如： The room looks clean. 这间房看起来很洁净。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。12. such/ so(1) such 常用作形容词,用来修饰名词。例如： Don t be such a foo别l. 这么傻。He is such a clever boy. 他是如此聪慧的一个男孩。(2) so 是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。例如： He is so kind.他真好心！可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Why did you come so late.你为何回来得如此晚？当名词前有 many, much, few, little等表示多、少时,应当用so。例如： He has so many friends. 他有如此多的伴侣。Only so little time is left.才剩这么一点儿时间！13. either/ too/ also(1) either 用作 “也”时是副词,常用于否定句句尾。例如： She is not a Japanese, Im not, 她eit不he是r.日本人,我也不是。My sister doesn t like this song, e我ith妹er妹. 也不喜爱这首歌。(2) too 常用于确定句或疑问句尾,表示“也”。例如： He likes China, too. 他也喜爱中国。Are you in Grade 3, too.你也在三年级吗？(3) also 也常用于确定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中。例如： We are also students.我们也是同学。He also went there on foot. 他也是走着去的。Did you also want to have a look.你也想看看吗？14. if/ whether在以下情形下只能用whether 而非 if ：(1) 与 or not 连用时,只能用 whether.We want to know whether you are ill or not.我们想知道你是否生病了。Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.请告知我们你是否完成了工作。(2) 后接动词不定式时,只能用whether.Adam didn t know whether to go or sta亚y.当不知道是走仍是留。He hasn t decided whether to have dinner with m他e. 仍没打算是否和我共进晚餐。(3) 所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用whether.Whether it will rain or snow, wedon t mind.我们不在乎将要刮风仍是下雨。Whether I won or lost, she didn t wa我nt是to赢kn是o输w.她不想知道。(4) 引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用whether.The most important was whether they had gone. 最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。Whether he will go with me is a secret. 他是否会和我一起去仍是个隐秘。if 能引导条件状语从句,表示“假如,假如 ”,而 whether 没有此用法。We ll have a football match if it doesn如t r果ai明n t天om不o下rro雨w,. 我们要进行足球赛。I ll tell him if I sees him我. 观察他就告知他。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结If you re in danger, please call 1如10果. 你遇到危急,请拨打110。15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take(1) cost 一般用某物来做主语,表示“（某物）值 、花费 ”,既能指花费时间也能指金钱。The new bike costs me 300 yuan. 这辆新自行车花了我三百元。It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。cost 仍可以用作名词,表示 “成本、费用、价格、代价”等。What s the cost of this TV set.这台电视机的成本是多少钱？They succeeded at the cost of hard work. 他们辛苦的工作换来的胜利。(2) spend 一般用某人来作主语,表示“（某人）花费 ,付出 ”,也能指时间或金钱,指时间常常与in 搭配,指金钱常常与on 或 for 搭配。We spent two days in repairing this machine. 我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month. 李先生每月花二十美元在书上。(3) pay 用作动词时,一般也以某人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间。常与 for 搭配使用。例如： They paid 70 yuan for the tickets. 他们花了七十元买票。He was too poor to pay for his schooling. 他穷得交不起学费。pay 仍可以用作名词,意思为“薪水、工资 ”等。It s hard for me to live with such low pay我. 很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。(4) take 也指 “花费 时间、金钱 ”,但通常用某事、某物做主语,或用形式主语it.How long will the meeting take.会议要开多久？ It took me several hours to get there.我花了几个小时才到那儿。16. bad/ badly这两个词的意思含有 “坏、糟、严峻 ”等意思, 且它们有共同的比较级worse 和最高级 worst 。(1) bad 是一个形容词,意思是 “坏的,糟糕的,差的,严峻的”。例如： I don t think he is a bad person我. 并不认为他是一个坏人。I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。(2) badly 是一个副词 ,意思是 “不好的,差 ”,也可以表示程度,意为“严峻的,特别,极度 ”。例如： We need help badly.我们急需帮忙。 His arm was badly hurt. 他的胳膊严峻受伤了。17. interested/ interesting(1) interested 是指 “对 产生爱好的,对 感爱好的 ”,一般用人做主语,后常用介词in.例如： He was interested in biology before. 他以前对生物感爱好。I m not interested in ar我t. 对可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结艺术不感爱好。(2) interesting 的意思是 “好玩的 ”,指能够给人带来爱好的某人或某事物。例如：He is an interesting old man. 他是个好玩的老头。 The interesting story attracted me.这个好玩的故事吸引了我。18. dead/ die/ death/ dying(1) dead 是形容词,意思为 “死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。例如： The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。(2) die 是动词,意思为 “死、死亡 ”,是一个瞬时动词,不能与一段时间连用。例如：My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer. 老人死于癌症。(3) death 是名词,意思为 “死亡、去世 ”等。The memorial hall was built one year after his death. 他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的庞大缺失。(4) dying是 die 的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的 ”。The doctors have saved the dying man. 医生们救活了那个垂死的人。The poor dog had no food, it was dying. 可怜的狗没有食物 ,快要饿死了。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 宾语从句的时态和语序。2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区分。3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型。4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1. （ 北京市海淀区中考试题）-Do you know.-Only ten months old.A. when does Tiger Woods start golfingB. when did Tiger Woods start golfingC. when Tiger Woods starts golfingD. when Tiger Woods started golfing【解析】答案： D 。该题考查的是宾语从句的时态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态应用一般过可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结去时,应为这里说的是过去的事情。语序应用陈述句的语序,所以正确答案是: when Tiger Woods started golfing 。2. （ 北京市海淀区中考试题）I m interested in animals, so Ievery Saturday working in an animal hospital.A. payB. getC. takeD. spend【解析】答案： D。该题考查的是pay, get, take 和 spend这四个动词的用法区分。只有动词spend 可以用在 sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里,所以正确答案影视spend。3. （ 天津市中考试题）Could Iyour telephone. I have something important to tell my parents.A. keepB. borrowC. useD. lend【解析】答案： C。该题考查的是 keep, borrow, use 和 lend 四个动词的用法区分。keep 的真正含义是 “保留 ”,borrow 的含义是 “借入 ”,lend 的含义是 “借出 ”,只有 use 的含义是 “使用 ”。在这个句子里实际上是“使用 ”的意思,所以应选use。4. （ 鄂州市中考试题）- Hi, Ann. Where s your brother. I need his help.-He left home two weeks ago andaway ever since.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had