虚拟语气总结.docx

精品名师归纳总结虚拟语气概述英语的动词有三种语气形式,即陈述语气、 祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问,可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。祈使语气用于表示恳求、命令、建议或警告等。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特别形式,用来表达假设、主观愿望、推测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情形。如：He is honest.他很诚恳。 （语气）Don t be late next time.下次别迟到。（ 语气）If I were you, I would not go.我要是你,我就不会去。（语气）I wish I had a lot of money.要是我有许多许多钱就好了。（语气）虚 拟 语 气知 识 框 架1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结三名宾 语 从 句大词性板从wish （would rather） +宾语从句suggest （ ） +宾语从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结块2.句虚拟语气主 语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ should +do表 语 从句 S+is that +s + should +do同位语从句 S+that +s +should +do可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. 固定句型 It is high time that + S + did/should do sth用过去式表现在情形1. 时态后退型用过去完成式表过去-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句 以 do 为例;S= 主语 If I were you ,I would/could/should/might do that. If I had know thatyesterday ,I would/could/should/might have told you .If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test. If you cametomorrow , we would/could/might have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.done 与将来 事实相反的假设If+Sdid should do were to doS+would/should/could/might+do留意事项：1 倒装句。 假如条件句中含有功能词构成倒装句。had ,should ,were 时,可以省去 If,把功能词提前, If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.= Were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If I had attended the meeting, I would have been here.= Had I attended the meeting, I would have been here.把以下省略句改写为完整的句子. Were Iyou, I would go with him to the party. . Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.两种形式用过去将来表将来2. should+ 动词原形型内 容 详 述时间条件状语从句主句与现在 事实相反的假设与过去 事实相反的假设If +S+didwere If +S+had doneS+would/should/could/might+do S+would/should/could/might+have2. 错综（混合）条件句。如条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,就谓语形式应依据详细情形而定。混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主 ,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night 过去 ,it would be very cold today 现在 .3. 含蓄条件句If it hadn t been for your help,we wouldn t have succeeded.=But for your help, we wouldn t have succeeded.=Without your help, we wouldn t have succeeded. If there weren't/had not been +=without If it were not for / If it hadn't been for = but for otherwise +虚拟语气的句子虚拟语气的句子,I should study harder,otherwise I would have kept up with the most outstanding sutdent in my class in last exam but+陈述事实的句子Your mother would go with you,but she has to take care of your younger brotheror/or elseII.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中sb. did 期望现在用过去式1. wish+thatsb. had done （期望过去用过去完成式）2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。例： I would rather II'd rather you Id rather you时 间虚拟现在虚拟过去虚拟将来hadnt said such unkind things to you.came here for the answer tomorrow morning.（虚拟过去）（虚拟将来）posted the letterright away .虚拟现在 从 句were, did 动词一般过去式had donedid 动词一般过去式3. suggest+ （ that ） S+should+do表示 愿望、建议、恳求 等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用 should动词原形,should 经常省略。这类词有： demand ,desire ,insist ,order ,propose ,suggest ,recommend,requested ,require 等。留意 suggest当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气。当“示意、说明”时,用陈述语气Her expressionsuggestedthat she was angry她的表情显示出她愤怒了。Are yousuggestingthat he is too old for the job可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I suggestedthat she（ should ） leave early for the airport判定改错：（错） Your pale facesuggeststhat you （ should ） be ill.（对） Your pale facesuggeststhat you are ill.2. insist当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气。当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。高考备考： insist 用法I. 表示 “坚持说。坚决认为 多与别人的观点不同 ”,接 that从句 从句的动作多为已发生之事 ,从句使用陈述语气。如：She insisted that he was wrong.她坚持认为他错了。I insisted to everyone that he was wrong我对每个人坚持说他错了。The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camelII. 表示 “坚决主见。坚持要求 ”,接 that从句 从句的动作为将要发生之事,谓语多为 should 型的虚拟语气,即：主语+ should 可省略 +动词原形。如：He insisted that we should accept these gifts.他肯定要我们收下这些礼物。Jane insisted that he be present.简坚持要他出席。仍可用于 “insist on / upon +名词或代词或动词 -ing 形式 ”结构中。如：He insisted on / upon my going with him.他坚持要我跟他一起去。= He insisted that I should go with him. I insist on seeing it.我肯定要见到它。= I insist that I see it.【跟踪练习】从 A、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确选项。1. The man insisteda taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on findingD. in finding可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. He insisted that heright, and so he insisted that his plancarried out at once.A. was; beB. be; would beC. was; wasD. be; should be Key: 1-2 CA解析：1. C 。insisted on finding a taxi for me,表示 “坚持要为我找辆出租车”。2. A 。前一个 insist 表示 “坚决认为 ”,从句用陈述语气。后一个insist 表示 “坚持要求 ” ,从句谓语动词用should 型的虚拟语气。III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should加动词原形, should可省略。可用的词有三类suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,（ should ）It isrequested, insisted等thatdoimportant, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder等名词性从句同位语及同位语从句同位语一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一样,并经常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.2. 短语作同位语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照管家中的其他孩子。3. 同位语从句同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或大事的从句。The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 庞大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到惊讶。 4同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定 "同位语从句一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的详细内容。I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news , idea , fact , promise , question , doubt , thought , hope , message , suggestion , words （消息）, possibility等（一般的 “抽象 ”名词都可用）。Ive comefromMrwangwitha messagethathe won t be ableto seeyouthis afternoon 我从王先生那里来,他让我告知你他今日下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that , whether ,连接代词 what , who 。连接副词 how,when,where等。（注： if,which不能引导同位语从句。 ）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必需回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载