高中英语必修知识点总结3.docx

精品名师归纳总结高中英语必修 5（北师大版） Unit 13 People学问点总结一、重点词汇gifted· 原文再现You are a giftedstudentwho always gets As in exams, but you have just found out you got a C in arecent test.你是一个有天赋的同学,总是在考试中得A, 但是在近期的一次考试中发觉得了 C。· 基本用法giftedadj.有天赋的,有天资的。有才华的Martin Gatt is a gifted pianist.马丁盖特是个有才华的钢琴家。· 学问拓展相关单词giftn.礼物。天赋。赠品have a gift /talent for.有.的天赋He has a gift for foreign languages.他有外语天才。Mother has a gift for making guests feel at home.母亲有使客人觉得无拘无束的才能。This child has a gift for painting. 这个小孩子有绘画方面的天赋。相关短语be gifted in 在. 方面有天赋be gifted with天生.He was gifted with a good voice.他天生一个好嗓子。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He was gifted in music. 他在音乐上有天才。draw up· 原文再现Draw up an agenda and discuss it with the group.起草一个议事议程并与小组一起争论。· 基本用法draw up起草,草拟。制定。停下来A taxi drew up in front of the house. 一辆出租汽车在房子前面停了下来。He drew up a brief for his speech.他起草了一份讲话的摘要。The police drew up a blacklist of wanted terrorists.警方拟就一份通缉恐惧分子的黑名单。predict· 原文再现Supportedby hisacademic research, ProfessorSalovey suggeststhat when predicting someone's futuresuccess,their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.萨洛维教授在他学术争论的基础上提出,在猜测一个人将来的胜利时,他们的性格 - 通过情商测验来衡量或许比其智商更为重要。· 基本用法predictvt.预言,猜测You can never predict what would happen next.谁也无法预料接着会发生什么事。It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody.他如此喜怒无常,所以很难预知其反应如何。· 学问拓展相关句型 / 结构可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结predict that.猜测.be predicted to do sth.被猜测做某事It is ridiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.预言明天太阳将不升起是荒唐可笑的。Car usage is predicted to increase.汽车的使用率估量会增长。词义辨析： forecast/foretell/predict/foresee这些动词均含 “预言,预示,预报 ”之意。forecast 指对将来大事的预报、估量或设想,侧重最终可能显现的结果。foretell 一般的通俗用语,往往指依据客观因素做出的预报,强调预先要发生的事。predict 较正常的正式用词,通常用于人。指依据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预报,隐含有科学的精确性。foresee 指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判定。academic· 原文再现Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone's futuresuccess,their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.萨洛维教授在他学术争论的基础上提出,在猜测一个人将来的胜利时,他们的性格通过情商测验来衡量或许比其智商更为重要。· 基本用法academic adj.学术的。理论的。学院的The new academic year is coming.新学年就要来了。Her academic achievements shamed her brothers.她的学术成就使她的兄弟们相形见绌。She pushed her son to pursue an academic career.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结她督促儿子从事学术。He has no interest in academic questions.他对纯理论问题毫无爱好。· 学问拓展 - 相关短语 academic thesis学术论文 academic freedom学术自由deserve· 原文再现Forexample, haveyou ever wonderedwhy some of the smartest students in your class, who you thinkdeserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams.例如,你是否有过这样的困惑：为什么班里有些你认为应当得到好分数的最聪慧的同学有时却考试不及格？· 基本用法deservevt.应得,值得。应受He did not deserve such fortune. 他不配得到这种好运气。I'm sure I don't deserve so much praise.我确定自己不值得这么多颂扬。· 学问拓展 - 相关短语deserve sth.应受,应得 .deserve to do sth.值得做.deserve doing sth.（主动表被动） =deserve to be done值得被做 .You've been working all morning-you deserve a rest.你已经干了一个上午了,该休息一下了。Steven deserved to be punished for his behavior.=Steven deserved punishing for his behavior.史蒂文的表现应当受到惩处。He certainly deserved to be sent to prison.他的确应当被送去坐监牢。They deserved to be well treated.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结对他们应好好相待。failure· 原文再现Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ.他们的失败或许是由于他们的情商低。· 基本用法failuren.失败;失败者。破产。故障He felt miserable about his failure.他对自己的失败感到哀痛。It was evident that the policy was a failure.明显这项政策是失败的。The new restaurant was a failure and soon closed.那家新饭店经营无方,不久便关了门。· 学问拓展相关单词failv失败。不及格。破产。缺乏。衰退。使扫兴He failed many times, but he did not lose heart.他失败了很多次,但他并没有失去信心。The brake failed and the car ran into a lamp-post.刹车失灵了,汽车撞在灯柱上了。Is your eyesight failing recently. 你近来视力有所变差吗？相关用法failure通常作不行数名词,但在详细表示“失败的人或事、失败的次数” 时,为可数名词。类似的词仍success, comfort, relief等。 如：Their marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it.他们的婚姻是个失败,他们两个都想得到解脱。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结mistaken· 原文再现People are oftenmistaken in thinkingthatthose withhigh IQs always have high EQs as well.人们常常错误的认为高智商的人总是拥有高情商。· 基本用法mistakenadj.错误的;弄错的。被误会的v弄错（ mistake 的过去分词）You must have mistaken her for her sister.你肯定是把她误认为是她的姊妹了。I must have mistaken your meaning/what you meant.我肯定误会了你的意思。 Kindness is easily mistaken for love. 善意很简单被误会为爱情。· 学问拓展 - 相关单词mistaken.错误。误会。过失Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake.汤姆肯定是弄错了才拿了你的字典。He is blind to his own mistakes.他看不见自己的错误。We all made mistakes with carelessness.我们都因马虎犯了错误。association· 原文再现This association can exist, but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ orsomeone witha high IQ to have a low EQ.这种联系可能存在,但是一个低智商的人有高情商或者一个高智商的人有低情商也是有可能的。· 基本用法associationn.联想。协会。联盟。社团可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I benefited a lot from my association with him.我与他交往获益良多。Have you joined the teachers' association.你加入老师协会了吗 .Mr Jack is on the books of the Football Association.杰克逊先生是足球协会的会员。· 学问拓展其他词性associatev.联想,联系。交往,结交。联合associatedadj.有关联的,相关的相关短语be associated with.I associated with him in business.我过去和他合伙经商。She associated happiness with having money.她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。possibility· 原文再现Some are trying to study thepossibility of improvinga person's EQ, especially in terms of "peopleskills",suchas understanding and communication.一些人正试图争论提高情商的可能性,特殊是“人际技能”方面,例如：懂得和沟通。· 基本用法possibilityn.可能性。可能发生的事物There is a good possibility of rain tonight.今晚很可能要下雨。Life on other planets is a possibility.其他行星上有生命是可能的。· 学问拓展 - 相关句型 / 结构可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结There is a possibility that.有可能.There is no possibility that.没有可能 .There is no possibility of doing sth.（做）某事没有可能There is no possibility of his coming.他不行能来。thus· 原文再现Onthe otherhand, thereis littledoubt thatpeople with low EQsoften have problems getting onwith otherpeople and dealing with difficult situations; Thus they have a harder time surviving in life.另一方面, 毫无疑问的是低情商的人在于别人相处和处理困难形式时常常有问题, 因此会生活得比较艰巨。· 基本用法thusadv.如此。因此。从而。这样（ thus用作副词时位置较为敏捷。在句中对动词的时态和语态没有任何影响,其用法及意义与 therefore差不多）It has been thus and will continue to be so. 事情始终是这样,并将连续这样下去。 He didn't work hard. Thus he was fired.他工作不努力,因此被解雇。He described the whole accident thus and thus.他如此这般的描画了整个事故的发生经过。It was already rather late, thus we decided to urge the customer.已经相当晚了,所以我们打算督促客户。accuse· 原文再现The man was accused of stealing money. He was brought to court.这个人被指控偷钱。他被送到了法庭。· 基本用法accusev.控告。声讨。指控。归咎于可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Make sure of your facts before you accuse him.在指责他以前要把材料核实一下。How dare you accuse me of lying. 你怎敢声讨我说谎 .· 学问拓展 - 相关句型 / 结构accuse sb of sth.指控某人某事 Tom accused her of cheating in the exam. be accused as.作为而被控告Shylock does not accuse me of anything.夏洛克并没有指控我任何东西。 He was accused of stealing money. 他被指控偷钱。entirely· 原文再现And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that school need to make sure that theirstudentsarereceiving the education they really need, and know that their futures are not entirelydetermined by their IQs.情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证同学接受他们真正需要的训练,并且知道他们的将来并不全是由智商打算的。· 基本用法entirelyadv.完全的。完全的You mistook my meaning entirely.你完全误会了我的意思。His opinion differs entirely from mine.他的看法和我的完全不同。· 学问拓展 - 相关单词entireadj.整个的,完全的entiretyn.全部,整体可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It took us an entire week to finish painting the home. 它花去了我们整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。The entire village was destroyed.整个村子被毁。independent· 原文再现Jackie is an independent dolphin trainer.杰克是一个有主见的海豚训练师。· 基本用法independentadj.独立的。单独的。无党派的。不受约束的She's very independent and lives all alone.她自食其力,独自生活。One third of votes went to the independent candidate.三分之一的选票被这位无党派候选人得了。You should learn to be independent of your parents.你应当学习不要依靠父母。· 学问拓展相关短语be independent from/of.脱离于.,不受.的影响gain independence from.从.获得独立depend on依靠. 依靠.it/that depends视情形而定相关单词independencen.独立dependv.依靠,依靠sharp· 原文再现A person witha sharp mind isable to thinkand understand thingsvery quickly.头脑敏捷的人能够特别快速的摸索并懂得事物。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结· 基本用法sharpadj.敏捷的,锋利的,尖的。急剧的。刺耳的It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.你留意到了这一点是够机警的。I cut my finger on a sharp stone.我的手指被一块锋利的石头划破了。That woman has a very sharp tongue. 那个女人说话特别尖刻。A sharp knife makes a clean cut.快刀切得整齐。· 学问拓展相关单词sharplyadv.猛烈的。锋利的The snowstorm caused traffic to fall away sharply.暴风雪使车辆行人大大削减。相关短语a sharp eye目光敏捷sharp bends急转弯a sharp knife/pencil锋利的刀子 / 尖铅笔a sharp drop in prices价格的骤降characteristic· 原文再现What characteristics do the students think that tour guides should have.同学认为导游应当具备什么样的特点？· 基本用法characteristicn.特点。特性。特色。特质He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.他以特有的热忱说话。Her characteristic is honesty.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结她的特点是诚恳。She has Asiatic characteristics.她具有亚洲人的特点。What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians.美国人和加拿大人的特点有什么不同 .· 学问拓展 - 词义辨析： character/characteristic/quality/feature这些名词均有“特性、特点、品质”之意。feature:指事物突出引人注目的特点。 多用来说明人的容貌特点或的理特点。characteristic:指某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特点。character:多指一类人或事物所具有的特殊的典型的特点。quality:最一般用词,既可指有形或无形的特性, 又可指个性或共性的特点。desire· 基本用法desiren.& v.期望,欲望 ;要求,心愿。期望得到They had little desire for wealth/to get rich.他们对财宝 / 致富无大欲望。I have long desired to meet them.我始终期望见到他们。She desired to marry a rich man.她很想嫁个富翁。· 学问拓展 - 相关句型 / 结构 desire sth.期望.desire to do sth.期望做.desire sb to do sth.期望某人做某事desire that. should do.期望. have a desire to do sth.期望做.have a desire for sth.对.期望He has a genuine desire to help us.他真心诚心的情愿帮忙我们。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It is obvious that they have no desire for peace.很明显,他们没有和平的愿望。Mr. Wang desired that we should wait a moment.王老师恳求我们稍等片刻。satisfaction·基本用法satisfactionn. 中意。满意。乐事I think these shoes will give satisfaction.我想这些鞋子肯定会符合顾客的要求。He smiled in satisfaction when he won the race.他赢得赛跑后中意的笑了。The success brought him great satisfaction.胜利给他带来极大的快慰。·学问拓展相关单词satisfyv. 使中意satisfiedadj.满意的,中意的satisfyingadj. 令人中意的It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone.要满意每一个人绝非易事。I am not at all satisfied with this book.我对这本书一点也不中意。The story had a satisfying ending.那个故事结局很圆满。相关短语show satisfaction with对. 感到中意满意to one's satisfaction令某人中意的是in/with satisfaction中意的be satisfied with对. 感到中意可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结satisfy/meet sb.'s need满意某人的需求requirement· 基本用法requirementn.要求。必要条件。必需品Please let us know in case of further requirement. 如有进一步的需求,请通知我们。The requirement was news to him.这种要求对他是新闻。Your work does not come up to the requirements.你的工作不符合要求。We must train students to meet these requirements.我们必需依据这些要求来培育同学。· 学问拓展相关单词requirev.要求。需要。命令The job does not require any formal training.做这种工作不需要任何正规训练。相关句型 / 结构require sb. to do sth. be required to do sth.require that.should doThey require that I should go at once.他们要求我马上去。All passengers are required to show their tickets.全部乘客都必需出示车票。aboard· 基本用法aboardprep.在（上）船（飞机、火车、公共汽车）上Wetraveledaboard the same flight.我们搭乘同一班机。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They were the last two to go aboard the ship.他们是最後两位上船的。All passengers aboard fell into the river.船上全部乘客皆落入河中。The children were so excited to be taken aboard for the first time.那些小孩第一次被带上飞机,简直兴奋极了。· 学问拓展 - 词义辨析：abroad/aboard/board/broad这几个词词形相近,但意思差别很大,现总结归纳如下：1. abroadadv. & adj. & n.在国外,出国,往国外的,海外go abroad出国、 at home and abroad（在）国内外、 from abroad从国外2. broadadj.宽的,宽敞的。 adv.宽敞的。 n.宽敞部分broad market宽敞的市场, broad band 宽带3. aboardadv.上（飞机、船、火车等） 。prep.在（飞机、船、火车等）上We went aboard.我们上了船（飞机、车）He was already aboard the plane.（prep. ）4. boardn.董事会,甲板。 vt.上（飞机、船、火车等）。 vi.寄宿board the ship（ bus, plane, train）assistant· 基本用法assistantn.助手,助理。助教My assistant will stand in for me while I'm away. 我不在的时候我的助手将代表我处理事务。 She is assistant to the professor.她是这位教授的助手。· 学问拓展相关单词1. assistv.帮忙。帮助Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons.杰克过去常常帮忙玛丽学习功课。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan.他恳求我们帮他完成他的方案。2. assistancen.帮忙。救济词义辨析 aid/assist/help这些动词均有“帮忙”之意。1. aid 正式用词,指帮忙他人脱离危急或战胜困难,着重强者对急需帮忙的弱者的帮忙。2. assist强调在供应帮忙时,以受助者为主,所给的帮忙起其次位或从属的作用。3. help最一般用词,含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮忙,侧重积极的为他人供应物质、精神或其他方面的帮忙。upset· 原文再现Theirfriendsare reallyupset and have been waitinganxiouslyformore news.他们的伴侣们真的很伤心,都在着急的等待着更多的消息。· 基本用法upsetadj.心烦意乱的。担心的 ; v.使心烦。扰乱。翻到His sudden death upset everybody.他的突然去世使大家深感哀痛。 The storm upset their plans for a hike. 暴风雨破坏了他们的远足方案。I'm always upset when I don't get any mail.我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。The fire caused an upset in the building. 失火使大楼里一片纷乱。· 学问拓展 - 相关短语be upset about sth. be upset that.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It upsets sb. to do sth. It upsets sb. that.be upset with sb.shelter· 原文再现They might be sheltering in a cave.他们或许正隐藏在山洞里。· 基本用法sheltervi.逃避vt.爱护.（免受.）。庇护 .n.避难所。遮挡物In the storm I took shelter under the tree.暴风雨时,我正在树下逃避。All sorts of people found shelter under his roof. 各式各样的人在他的家找到栖息之所。 Provide food and shelter for a family.为家庭供应食物和住宿The umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.雨伞不太遮挡得住大雨。· 学问拓展 - 相关短语shelter.from.爱护.免受.They persuaded me in to shelter from the rain.他们说服我进去躲了一会儿雨。relief· 原文再现It'll be a real relief when they're found.假如他们被发觉,这将是一件令人宽慰的事情。· 基本用法reliefn.宽慰。减轻。救济。解除These pills bring relief from pain.这些药丸可以止痛。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结That she is still alive is a relief.她仍活着,这是令人感到宽慰的。The news brought a feeling of relief. 这消息给人们带来了宽慰感。She volunteered her services for relief work.她自愿参与救济工作。· 学问拓展相关短语in relief放松,宽慰to one's relief使某人感到欣慰的是with relief放心的,欣慰的Much to my relief, he is safe now.他现在没事了,我大大松了一口气。相关单词relievev.减轻。解除This medicine will relieve your headache.这药将减轻你的头痛。allergic· 原文再现The first time I met Tom, he seemed to be allergic to everything.我第一次遇见汤姆的时候,他看上去对一切事物都很敏锐。· 基本用法allergicadj.过敏的。对 .极厌恶的Are you allergic to certain animals.你厌恶某些动物吗 .You could see he was allergic to housework.你可以看出他很厌恶做家务。· 学问拓展 - 相关句型 / 结构be allergic to sth.对某物过敏。对都是反感I like cats but unfortunately I'm allergic to them. 我很喜爱猫,但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Are you a