初中英语阅读理解与完形填空.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流初中英语阅读理解与完形填空.精品文档.(一)AIt is 3 a.m. Everything on the university campus seems ghostlike in the quiet, misty darknesseverything except the computer center. Here, twenty students sit in chairs, tapping away on the keys. With eyes glued to the video screen, they tap on for hours. For the rest of the world, it might be the middle of the night, but here time does not exist. These young computer "hackers" are pursuing a kind of compulsion（强烈欲望）, a drive which overshadows nearly every other part of their lives. They are compulsive computer programmers. Some of these students have been there for thirty hours or more without a break for meals or sleep. Some have fallen asleep on sofas in the computer center, trying to catch a few winks（眨眼）but hate to get too far away from their beloved machines. Most of these students dont have to be at the computer center in the middle of the night. They arent working on assignments. They are there because they want to bethey are irresistibly drawn there. And they are not alone. There are hackers at computer centers all across the country. In their extreme form, they focus on nothing else. They fail in school and lose contact with friends; they might have difficulty finding jobs, choosing instead to wander from one computer center to another. "I remember one hacker. We had to carry him off his chair to feed him and put him to sleep. We really feared for his health," says a computer science professor at MIT. Computer science teachers are now more aware of the meaning of this hacker phenomenon. They know that the case of the hackers is not just the story of one persons relationship with a machine. It is the story of a societys relationship to the so-called thinking machines, which are becoming almost widespread. 56. Which of the following is NOT true of those young computer "hackers"? A. Most of them are top students majoring in computer programming. B. For them, computer programming is almost the only purpose for their life. C. They can stay with the computer at the center for nearly three days on end. D. Their "love" for the computer is so deep that they want to be near their machines even when they sleep. 57. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that _. A. the "hacker" phenomenon exists only at university computer centers B. university computer centers are open to almost everyone C. university computer centers are expecting outstanding programmers out of the "hackers" D. the "hacker" phenomenon is partly due to the lack of the computer centers 58. The authors attitude towards the "hacker" phenomenon can be described as _. A. positiveB. indifferentC. anxiousD. disgusted 59. Which of the following may be a most appropriate title for the passage? A. The Charm of Computer Science B. A New Type of Electronic Toys C. Compulsive Computer Programmers D. Internet Addicts BOne of the most interesting paradoxes(自相矛盾的话) in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be. “Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, away from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution?” This is what is being discussed privately in the faculty of Harvard. The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested（廉洁） They are places to which men can turn for judgments which are unbiased（无偏见的） by partisanship（政党支持）and special interest. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgments is damaged.” This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant(好战的) : that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nations ideals and actions together. Harvards men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. “They are not even clear about how they should debate and solve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is certain to influence American university and political life.” 60. The issues in the debate on Harvards goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, or whether they should . A. fight with the militant B. overcome the widespread dependency C. take an active part in solving societys ills D. support our old and established institutions 61. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harvard men are becoming . A. more sure about them B. less sure about them C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer D. completely disappointed about ever 62. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is . A. a holy place devoted to a certain god B. a temple of middle age C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid something D. a place to train soldiers63. In the authors judgment, the debate going on at Harvard . A. is a sad symbol of our general puzzlement B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends D. will influence future life in AmericaCThe way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining（达到）real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self improvement. Ask a bachelor(单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant（婴儿）children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. 64. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _ . A. he is unwilling to take on family responsibilities B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement 65. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _. A. hatred B. misunderstanding C. prejudice D. ignorance 66. To understand what true happiness is one must _. A. have as much fun as possible during ones lifetime B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain C. put up with pain under all circumstances D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun 67. What is the author trying to tell us? A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain. B. One must know how to attain happiness. C. It is important to make commitments. D. It is pain that leads to happiness.DProfessor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses ( 差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings, nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的).One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. "People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman's custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the programme," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "programme assembly failures,"Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing - an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. "Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain 'programmes' occurs, for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men probably because they were more reliable reporters.A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard（冒险）of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly lapses by concentrating more could make things a lot worse or even dangerous.68. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects .A. to keep track of people who tend to forget thingsB. to report their embarrassing lapses at randomC. to analyse their awkward experiences scientificallyD. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally69. "Programme assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people .A. often fail to programme their routines beforehandB. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurryC. unconsciously change the sequence of doing thingsD. are likely to mess things up if they are too tired70. We learn from the third paragraph that .A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the dayB. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periodsC. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindednessD. men's absent-mindedness often results in funny situations71. It can be concluded from the passage that .A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapsesB. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good atC. people should be careful when programming their actionsD. lapses cannot always be due to lack of concentrationEBrazil has become one of the developing worlds great successes at reducing population growth, but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better results without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Brazil´s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99 a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93 a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries. Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the worlds biggest producers of soap operas. Globl, Brazils most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. “Although they have never really tried to work on the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values: not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine. "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.” Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. “This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was in compatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction.” says Martine. 72.According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth_. A. by educating its citizensB. by careful family panning C. by developing TV programmes D. by chance 73. According to the passage, many Third World countries_. A. havent attached much importance to birth control B. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate C. havent yet found an effective measure to control their population D. neglected the role of TV plays in family planning 74. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazils birth rate because_. A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TV B. they have gradually changed peoples way of life C. people are drawn to their attractive package D. they popularize birth control measures 75. What is Martines conclusion about Brazils population growth? A. The increase in birth rate will promote consumption. B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate. C. Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory. D. A countrys production is limited by its population growth.56-59 ABCC60-63 CBCD 64-67 A BDA 68-71 DCAD72-75 DCBB（二）ALast week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight As and unhap