普通混凝土小型空心砌块(多孔砖).doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流普通混凝土小型空心砌块(多孔砖).精品文档.1.1 普通混凝土小型空心砌块(多孔砖)1.1.1 工程中采用的普通混凝土空心砌块的品种、规格、强度等级和密度等级等技术指标应符合设计要求。外观质量、尺寸偏差和技术性能，应满足混凝土小型空心砌块GB8239-1997、混凝土多孔砖JC943-2004等标准中有关条文规定。1.1.2 砌块的干燥收缩率不应大于0.045%。1.1.3 砌块的相对含水率应符合下表的规定。相对含水率                    表1.1.3干燥收缩率（%）相对含水率（%）潮湿中等干燥0.034540350.030.045403530注：表中潮湿系指年平均相对湿度大于75%的地区；    表中中等系指年平均相对湿度为50%75%的地区；    表中干燥系指年平均相对湿度小于50%的地区；1.2 砂浆1.2.1 砌块采用的砌筑砂浆或抹灰砂浆应符合混凝土小型空心砌块砌筑砂浆JC860-2000的标准要求，其品种和强度等级除应满足设计要求外，还应有良好的流动性、粘聚性和保水性。基础砌块墙体必须采用水泥砂浆砌筑，地坪以上的砌块墙体宜采用水泥混合砂浆，但不得使用掺粘土的砂浆。1.2.2 配制砂浆时可掺入外加剂。外加剂应符合国家有关标准的规定，其掺量应通过试验确定。1.2.3 砂浆的强度等级外墙不得低于M7.5，内墙不得低于M5.0，并应符合设计要求。1.3加强网加强网可采用钢丝网或耐碱玻纤网格布，钢丝网宽度应不小于200mm，与基体的搭接宽度不应小于100mm，网材应采用镀锌钢丝，网目规格不大于20mm×20mm，钢丝直径不小于1.0mm。耐碱玻璃纤维网格布，网格尺寸不得大于8mm×8mm，单位面积重量120g/m2。1.4其他材料1.4.1特种砂浆包括饰面粘结剂、界面处理剂、饰面砂浆和防水砂浆，其性能指标应符合相应产品标准要求。1.4.2拉结钢筋、钢筋网、连接钢板的钢材应符合设计要求和建筑用钢材的有关规定。2设计要求2.1 一般规定2.1.1 砌块外墙、楼梯间墙及住宅分户墙厚度不宜小于190mm，住宅内隔墙厚度不宜小于90mm。外墙应使用封底或半封底的三排孔及以上砌块；内墙墙厚190mm的应使用封底或半封底的双排孔砌块；不得使用通孔砌块。2.1.2 建筑物的外墙必须采取有效的防水措施，外墙砌块强度等级不应低于MU10，其抗渗性指标应满足混凝土小型空心砌块GB8239、混凝土多孔砖JC943-2004标准中有关条文规定；内墙砌块强度等级不应低于MU7.5。2.1.3 阳台栏杆、屋面女儿墙等砌块墙体宜用实心砌块砌筑，应加设钢筋混凝土构造柱及压顶，外墙水平凹凸装饰线（如挑檐、窗楣、窗台等）也应采用实心砌块，并做好防裂、防渗漏措施。2.1.4 每层砌块墙体的第一、二皮应采用实心砌块砌筑。地坪以下应采用实心砌块砌筑。厨卫间宜采用实心砌块砌筑；厨卫间墙体根部应预先浇筑高度不小于200mm的C15素混凝土坎，墙裙以下应采取防水措施。2.1.5门窗洞200mm内的墙体宜采用不低于MU7.5的实心砌块砌筑，如采用空心砌块应用不低于M7.5的砌筑砂浆（或C15细石混凝土）填实砌块的孔洞。2.2构造柱、配筋带、压顶及过梁设计2.2.1 砌块墙体的长度大于4m的，应加设构造柱。当墙高超过4m时，应在墙体半高处设置与柱连接且沿墙贯通的现浇钢筋混凝土带。2.2.2 窗台处应加设现浇或预制钢筋混凝土压顶。门窗洞口上方有砌块墙体时，应采用钢筋混凝土过梁。压顶和过梁入墙长度应不小于390mm，否则应锚入柱内或采取其它措施；压顶和过梁的高度应符合砌块的模数。2.3 局部部位的加强措施下列部位抹灰时应挂加强网：1）凡墙体中两种不同材料连接处，如砌体与混凝土梁、柱、剪力墙、窗台压顶等相交接处。2） 暗埋管线的孔槽处。3） 当抹灰总厚度大于或等于35mm时，在找平层中应附加一道加强网。2.4 其它设计要求2.4.1砌体与混凝土结构构件之间的拉结钢筋应沿钢筋混凝土墙或柱全高每隔3皮砌块或不超过600mm设置，拉结钢筋为26钢筋，长度不小于700mm，且应符合抗震设计要求。2.4.2大面积的抹灰、饰面要做好分格缝。外墙抹灰层应设置分格缝，并采用高弹塑性、高粘结力、耐老化的密封材料嵌缝。2.4.3抹灰层厚度宜控制在25mm以内。2.4.4 厨卫间的内墙应采用防水砂浆抹灰。当有较多的吊挂设备时，应加设钢丝网水泥砂浆抹灰防裂防渗漏。3施工要求3.1 砌体工程施工要求3.1.1 进入施工现场的原材料应附有出厂合格证。施工现场还应按规定的质量标准以及产品质量说明书进行验收。3.1.2 砌块堆放场地应平整清洁，不积水，砌块不应被油污等污染。装卸砌块时严禁翻斗倾卸和丢掷。砌块应按品种、规格、强度等级分别堆垛整齐，高度不宜超过1.6m。堆垛上应设有标志，堆垛间应留有通道。3.1.3 砌块的块型、强度等级、干燥收缩率、相对含水率、龄期等应满足设计要求。不得使用龄期不足28天、破裂、不规整、浸水和表面被污染的砌块。3.1.4 墙体材料应保持均一性，若需镶砌，应采用与原砌块物理性能相近的混凝土预制块。3.1.5 墙体砌筑皮数、灰缝厚度、标高应与该工程的皮数杆标志一致。皮数杆应设立在墙的转角处和交接处，间距宜小于15m。3.1.6 雨天施工时应防止雨水直接冲淋砌块墙体，同时不得使用被雨水淋湿的砌块。3.1.7 砌筑时灰缝应饱满，严禁先干砌后再灌缝。不得任意撬动已砌好的砌块。3.1.8 砌筑时应控制砌块的含水率，一般情况下砌块砌筑不得浇水。在施工期间气候异常炎热干燥并且气温超过30时，可在砌筑前12h稍加喷水湿润。3.1.9 砌块必须将封底面朝上（反砌）错缝砌筑，保证灰缝饱满。空心砌块上下皮搭接长度不宜小于90mm，多孔砖上下皮搭接长度不宜小于主规格砖长度的1/4，否则应在灰缝中设置拉结钢丝网或拉接钢筋。3.1.10 在砌筑中，已砌筑的小砌块受撬动或碰撞时，应清除原砂浆，重新砌筑。3.1.11 灰缝应横平竖直、砂浆饱满、均匀密实。砂浆饱满度：水平灰缝不低于90%；竖直缝不低于80%。应边砌边勾缝，缺灰处应补浆压平、压实，并做成凹缝，凹进墙面2mm。不得出现暗缝，严禁出现透亮缝。3.1.12 墙体每日的砌筑高度应根据墙体的部位、气温、风压等条件分别控制，避免连续砌筑引起墙体出现不均匀变形或裂缝。日砌筑高度一般不宜大于1.5m，雨天施工日砌筑高度不宜超过1.2m。3.1.13 距梁板底部约300mm高的砌块墙体，至少应间隔7天，待下部砌块墙体变形稳定后再砌筑。最上一皮应采用实心小砌块75°斜砌挤紧，斜砌小砌块下必须砌12皮的实心小砌块。3.1.14 墙体砌筑应采用双排外脚手架或里脚手架进行施工，严禁在砌筑的墙体上设置脚手孔洞。3.2抹灰工程施工要求3.2.1 抹灰应在砌体工程完毕至少7天且经验收合格后进行。3.2.2抹灰前应将砌块墙面的灰缝、孔洞、凿槽填补密实、整平，清除浮灰。墙面抹灰，宜在砌块墙体上刷12mm厚聚合物水泥浆打底，在其未凝固前随即抹厚约10mm混合砂浆过渡找平层。抹灰前墙面不宜洒水，天气炎热干燥时可在操作前12h适度喷水。3.2.3门窗洞口周边应用纤维防裂砂浆和玻纤网格布增强。3.2.4不得在砌块墙体上随意打洞凿槽，砌块墙体内暗管、暗线、暗盒等以及线管预埋密集墙体的管槽（如配电箱所在墙）设置应符合设计及相关标准要求。3.2.5 不得在砌块墙体上切凿水平或斜向管槽，如因施工预埋误差确需进行调整的，应将短段水平管槽设于楼板顶面或梁板底部下200mm高范围内。3.2.6 砌块墙体内设置暗管、暗线、暗盒等，宜考虑采用开槽砌块或订制砌块，或在砌筑砂浆达到强度后用专用电动机械开槽、钻孔，但不得引起砌块松动和开裂；且在预埋暗线、暗管等的孔槽间隙，应用纤维防裂砂浆和玻纤网格布增强，详细做法：孔槽间隙先用砂浆分层填实，然后沿缝长方向抹一道5厚纤维防裂砂浆找平层（1:3水泥砂浆掺入抗裂纤维，掺量为0.9kg/m3），再将宽度为250mm的耐碱玻纤网格布均匀压入砂浆层中。3.2.7 线管预埋密集的墙体（如配电箱所在墙），应在墙体砌筑时预先留出管槽，在管线预埋完毕后用C20细石混凝土浇灌填实。不得在砌块墙体砌筑完毕后切割凿打管槽。3.2.8 砌块墙与不同材料（如混凝土梁、柱、板）的交界处应采用纤维防裂砂浆和玻纤网格布在这些部位加强。详细做法：在墙体与不同材料的交界处，抹灰前沿缝长方向先抹一道5mm厚纤维防裂砂浆找平层（1:3水泥砂浆掺入抗裂纤维，掺量为0.9kg/m3），再将宽度不小于200mm的耐碱玻纤网格布均匀压入砂浆层中。3.2.9抹灰砂浆在凝结前应防止暴晒、雨淋、水冲、撞击、振动。3.2.10下一道工序施工前，抹灰砂浆应湿润养护。4管理要求4.1设计单位应在设计文件中注明砌体防裂主要技术措施。4.2 施工图审查机构应加强对砌块工程设计施工图的审查。4.3 建设、监理、施工单位应加强对进入工地的砌块质量抽检，其抗压强度、干密度为必检项目，干燥收缩率为抽检项目，抽检不合格的砌块不得使用。4.4 监理单位应加强对砌块墙体施工过程的旁站监理，发现质量问题应及时督促施工单位进行返工整改。4.5 质量监督部门在日常的质量巡检中应加强对砌块材料、砌筑方法的抽查。4.6 工程施工质量按砌体工程施工质量验收规范GB50203-2002验收。4.7建设单位应将工程的装修须知及维护等要求告知业主和物业管理单位。4.8 业主和物业管理单位进行二次装修及管理时，应遵守有关法律法规的规定。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minor