高级英语阅读考试题目及答案完整版模板(共10页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Reading 1: This is Water1. Whats the point of the fish story?The immediate point of the fish story is that the most obvious, ubiquitous, important realities are often the ones that are the hardest to see and talk about.2. What is our natural default-setting, according to Wallace? Do you agree with him? If yes, give examples; if no, examples too, please.I am the absolute center of the universe, the realest, most vivid and important person in existence.Yes, I do. The world as you experience it is right there in front of you, or behind you, to the left or right of you, on your TV, or your monitor, or whatever. Other peoples thoughts and feelings how to be communicated to you somehow, but your own are so immediate, urgent, real.3. Is it possible for us to adjust our natural default-setting? If yes, how? And by the way, why should we adjust it?A: Yes, it is. We should pay attention to whats going on inside me and stay alert and attentive instead of getting hypnotized by the constant monologue inside your own head. whats more, we should learn how to Think and how to decide.The reason why should we adjust it is that thinking in the way of default-setting that we experience the boring, frustrating, crowed parts of adult life.B: Yes, it is. Learning how to think-Learning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience. If we dont adjust it, we will be totally nosed. 4. What does it mean by learning how to think? And what is the justifiable way to think?Learning how to think really means learning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience.5. What is the meaning of college education? Do you agree? If yes, further explains please, if no, define your meaning of college education and further illustrate it.College education is that it enables my tendency to over-intellectualize stuff, to get lost in abstract argument inside our head instead of simply paying attention to whats going on right in front of us.6. What did Wallace refer to as ' the work of choosing'?A:When you are going through petty, frustrating craps, you need to make a conscious choice of how to think and what to pay attention to.B：Make a conscious decision about how to think and what to pay attention to.7. What is the only True matter of the long, lonely 'day in and day out'? B：The only thing whats capitally true is that you get to decide how you are going to try to see it. You get to consciously decide what has meaning and what does not. You get to decide what to worship.8. Why did Wallace suggest the graduating seniors to worship some spiritual things instead of anything else, say money and power?An outstanding reason for choosing some sort of spiritual things to worship is that pretty much anything else you worship will eat you alive.9. How did Wallace define the real important freedom and if you would like to, please give your definition of freedom.The really important kind of freedom involves attention, awareness, discipline, effort, and being able truly able to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in my pretty little unsexy ways, every day.10. Finally, what is water?The most obvious, important realities are the hardest to see and talk about.Reading 2: Moon Landing Faked.1. Why pathological explanations cannot be sufficiently used to explain conspiracy theories?Because conspiracy theories are not just the implausible visions of a paranoid minority. There are so many people coming to believe in it.并不是少数妄想狂的难以置信的幻觉。2.How do you understand contradictory conspiracy theory?出于一种更高层次的信仰，严重的对权威的不信任。3. What is the definition of “conspiracy theory” (Para.7)? Who might those “powerful individuals and organizations” be?A conspiracy theory is usually defined as an attempt to explain the ultimate cause of an important societal event as part of some sinister plot conjured up by a secret alliance of powerful individuals and organizations. Government or officials.一些有权有势的个人和组织组成了一个秘密联盟，而这个秘密联盟策划了那些险恶的阴谋。4. Why do people refuse science?B: Widespread belief in conspiracy theories.Receiving positive information about or even merely exposed to conspiracy theories can lead people to become disengaged from important political and societal topics.阴谋论为复杂的社会事件提供简单的解释，提供了可控和可预测的感觉。Reading 3: Whats Isnt for Sale?1. What are the hidden costs mentioned in the leading paragraph?A:“ The hidden costs ” mentioned in the leading paragraph mainly means that there are some things money cannot buy in the past, but it is possible today. The logic of buying and selling no longer applies to material goods alone. For example, nonviolent offenders can pay for a clean, quiet jail cell, without any non-paying prisoners to disturb them.B：Markets and market values have come to govern our lives as never before.钱过去不能买的，但今天成为可能，几乎一切可售，买卖逻辑不仅适用于物质商品，市场几乎凌驾于我们。2. Can you think of anything that money cant buy nowadays?B：Family, affection, time, friendship and so on.A: From my perspective, the love to your family, friends or anybody else cannot be bought by money nowadays.3. How did the market thinking/market faith come into being?B：As the cold war ended, markets and market thinking enjoyed unrivaled prestige. The era began in the early 1980s, when Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher proclaimed their conviction that markets, not government, held the key to prosperity and freedom. And it continued into the 1990s with the market-friendly liberalism of Bill Clinton and Tony Blair, who moderated but consolidated the faith that markets are the primary means for achieving the public good. 冷战后，没有任何组织生产和分配物品的机制，可以堪比市场带来的巨大财富和繁荣（prosperity、booming）4. What does something bigger (Para.20) refer to?It was the reach of markets, and of market values, into spheres of life traditionally governed by nonmarket norms.5. Why is it not good that we are moving toward a society in which everything is up for sale? There are two reasons. First, its about inequality.as money comes to buy more and more, the distribution of income and wealth looms larger. Second,it is about the corrosive tendency of markets. Putting a price on the good things in life can corrupt them. Because markets dont only allocate goods, they express and promote certain attitudes toward the goods being exchanged.1不公 2 腐败在一个什么都可以出售的社会，生活再难有尊严（dignity），当金钱买越来越多的东西时，由收入和财富的分配差距会越来越大。2 将生活中的美好事物标价，会使之变坏，因为市场不仅在分配资源，他更表示和提倡东西都可以交易的态度。Reading 4: Who ruined the humanities1. Do you agree with writers view that “classroom ruins literatures joy”? If yes, how? If not, give your reasons.I dont think so. From my perspective, it is not classroom but the teaching method in classroom that ruins literatures joy. Many teachers can make these curriculums interesting by special teaching method.2. Whats the authors opinion about the notion that great literature can help you with reading and thinking clearly? And whats your view?In the authors opinion, the notion that great literature can help you with reading and thinking clearly is a chimera(妄想 ).I agree with the author. For example, the literary masterworks of Western civilization demonstrate the limitations of so-called clear-thinking. There are sonnets by Shakespeare that no living person can understand.伟大的文学作品能够帮助你更清晰地阅读和思考，这其实也是妄想。很多人的诗到现在也没人理解，对很多人来说，高中毕业时，文学之火已经在我们所有人的心中充分燃烧起来。3. Of course its important to read the great poets and novelists. But not in a university classroom. Where do you think is an appropriate place?As far as I am concerned, the library, cafeteria, a quiet garden is an appropriate place to read them.Coffee shop4. How did the literature influence the author before he went to college? Take an example to describe the literatures influence to you.Before he studied literature in college, he plunged into the turbulent emotions of Julien Sorel. Chekhovs stories sustained him with words that captured his sadness. Keatss language filled him with a beauty that repelled his sadness. Books took him far from himself into experiences that had nothing to do with his life, yet spoke to his life. It leads him to a human. (Literature changes my way of thinking and makes me experience various tastes of life.自己想)5. What is the relationship between the war and teaching literature?In a sense, the story of teaching literature as a profession is a story of war. After soldiers return home in 1945,teaching literature as an investigation of lifes enigmas(难题) struck a deep collective chord. And after the Vietnam War, majoring in English began its slow decline and the popularity of literature spelled its doom.6. Please summarize Lionel Trillings perspectives of literature education?Trilling was exasperated(激怒)by the absurdity of teaching morally subversive modernist works in the morally conventional precincts（范围） of a university, to the point where he somewhat hysterically exaggerated what he called the “force and terror” of modernist literature (there is terror in Syria, not in Gide).But he was not able to see that the classroom also ruins literatures joy, as well as trivializing(轻视).7. What is the author really against?I am against taking these starting epiphanies of the irrational, unspoken, unthought-of side of human life into the college classroom and turning them into the bland exercises in competition, hierarchy and information-accumulation that are these works' mortal enemies. 我反对的是把这些令人惊异的顿悟带入大学课堂把他们变成竞赛中枯燥的练习题，等级体系和信息的堆砌，他们都是这些作品不共戴天的敌人。8. In common sense, the lack of literature education leads to pernicious personal condition, but the author thinks its a sentimental fantasy. Do you agree? If yes, please give some reasons. If not, why?A: Yes, I agree. As we all know, literature did not even become part of the university curriculum until the end of the 19th century. So, the college teaching of literature is a relatively recent phenomenon. Before it, literature developed even better. So, may be the lack of literature is a fantasy.直到19世纪末文学才成为大学课程的一部分，所以，大学文学教学是最近的现象，在此之前，文学发展的甚至更好。所以，说文学的缺失只是个幻觉。9. How do you understand “a whale-ship was my Yale and my Harvard”? (Para.30)Reading literatures has nothing to do with the environment. If you are truly interested in literatures, you may learn much anywhere, and the place where you are is just your Yale and your Harvard.阅读文学作品与环境无关，如果你真的对文学感兴趣，你可以在任何地方学习，而你学习的地方就是你的耶鲁，你的哈佛。10. Literature requires only that you be human (Para.21). How do you understand this sentence?A: Literature does not like other academic subjects that requires specialized knowledge and a mastery of skills and methods. It does not have to be taught any more than dreaming has to be taught. All you need to understand that is a heart.文学不像其他的学科那样需要专业知识和掌握一些技巧与方法。而文学无需去教，就像梦想也不需要教一样。Reading 5: Love People, Not pleasure1. How did ABD AL-RAHMAN assessed his life?He assessed his life that was full of fame, riches and pleasure beyond imagination, but he numbered the days of pure and genuine happiness which fell to his lot: They amount to 14.2. What does I am an unhappy person mean according to the author?It means Your unhappiness is x, your happiness is y, and x>y.3. Can circumstances lead to unhappiness? What made Al-Rahman unhappy and why? Circumstances can make people unhappy, And Al-Rahmans own search for well-being made him unhappy. Because the pursuit of fame, wealth and pleasure ultimately prolongs his suffering.4. What are the big and small circumstantial sources of unhappiness mentioned?Some people are oppressed or poor or have physical ailments that make life a chore. Research unsurprisingly suggests that racism causes unhappiness. Another common source of unhappiness is loneliness. There are also smaller circumstantial sources of unhappiness that ordinary daily activities and interactions kick up such as spending time with ones boss.5. What can pursuit of fame, wealth and pleasure lead to?People who pursued extrinsic goals such as achieving reputation or fame experienced more negative emotions, such as shame and fear. They even suffered more physical maladies. People who rate materialistic goals like wealth as top personal priorities are significantly likelier to be more anxious, more depressed and more frequent drug users, and even to have more physical ailments than those who set their sights on more intrinsic values.6. What are the astonishing innovations generated by everyday peoples impulse to fame? How did they make us unhappy? They are the advent of reality television and social media. You build a fake life-or at least an incomplete one-and share it. Furthermore, you consume almost exclusively the fake lives of your social media” friends”.7. Few things are as liberating as giving away to others that which we hold dear. We do you hold dear and what are we liberated from if we give away to others? What we should hold dear are the strength to love others, condemnation of materialism and a deep skepticism of our own basic desires. And we should be liberated from the formula “Love things, use people”.8. According to Brooks in Love People, Not Pleasure, why pursuit of fame, money, pleasure can bring us unhappiness? Pursuit of what goals, do you think, can make us happy? Just like drugs and alcohol, once you become addicted, you cant live without it. We look for these things to fill an inner emptiness. They may bring a brief satisfaction, but it never lasts, and it is never enough. And so we crave more. Intrinsic goals such as deep, enduring relationships, are associated with happier lives.就像酒和药，一旦上瘾，你就不能离开它。我们寻找这些东西来填补内心的空虚。他们可能带来短暂的满足感，但是不会持续，这是远远不够的。所以我们渴望更多。内在目标如深,持久的关系,与快乐的生活。Reading 6: Actually, practice doesnt always make perfect-new study1. What is K. Anders Ericssons report about practice and success? What might be the reasons to support his conclusion?A: The report is that what separates the expert from the amateur, a first-rate musician or chess player from a wanna be, isnt talent; its thousands of hours of work. Practice is the primary contributor to excellence. There are three reasons to put it: first, it is our common sense; second, it is the protestant work ethic, We dont like the idea that someone could succeed without effort or that lots of deliberate practice might prove fruitless; at last, it is the saying that nurture over nature. To believe that performance results from effort can give us a sense of egalitarianism and control.B：Success comes from practice. Practice hard and you will do well. Practice is the primary contributor to excellence. The more time you spend