PASS+BEC+新编剑桥商务英语口试必备手册（中高级）（包含BEC+V+P....doc

PASS BEC新编剑桥商务英语口试必备手册（中高级）目录1. Teamwork 团队合作 1 2. Reducing Production Cost 降低生产成本 12 3. Internal Communications 内部沟通 84. Reducing Overheads 减少管理费用 185. How to Deal with a Heavy Workload 如何应对繁重的工作 236. Work Environment工作环境 277. Logistics物流 328. Business Ethics 商业道德 379. Recruiting & Selecting 人员招聘 4210. Employee Training 员工培训 48 11. Career Development 职业发展 5312. Promotion 晋升 5913. Staff promotion 激励员工 6514. Staff turnover 员工流失 7115. Appraising and Improving Performance 绩效考核与改进绩效 7616. Pay and benefits 薪酬与福利 8017. Labor relations劳动关系 8518. Work place safety and health 工作安全与职业保健 9019. Time management 时间管理 9520. Managing stress 缓解压力 10121. Product development 产品开发 10622. Setting price 产品定价 11023. Product promotion 产品推广 11424. Advertising 广告 11825. Packaging 包装 12226. Branding 品牌 12627. Customer satisfaction 顾客满意度 13028. Keeping Customers 留住顾客 13429. Marketing channels 营销渠道 13830. Travel and transport 出行与交通工具 142 31. Travel and accommodation 差旅与住宿 14832. Domestic travel 国内差旅 15433. Travelling abroad 国际差旅 16034. Corporate culture 企业文化 16635. Company image 公司形象 17236. Corporate gifting 公司送礼 17837. Corporate sponsorship 企业赞助 18338. Dress code 着装要求 18939. Entertaining business clients 招待客户 19540. Site location and relocation 公司选址和迁址 20041. Going global 全球营销 20542. Franchise 特许经营 20943. Meeting competition 应对竞争 21344. Office automation 办公自动化 21745. Setting up company website 建立公司网站 22446. Internet marketing 互联网促销 23047. Flexible patterns of work 弹性工作方式 23548. Staging a meeting/conference 举办会议 24149. Attending a meeting/conference 参加会议 24750. Giving a presentation 大会发言 25151. Trade fair and exhibitions 会展 257 PRACTICE TEST ONE 练习1 263 PRACTICE TEST TWO 练习 2 271 PRACTICE TEST TWO 练习 3 2782011.06.02UNIT ONE Company Operation and Management第一单元 公司运作与管理1.1 Teamwork 团队合作Teamwork 团队合作，团队精神Team-based 以团队为基础的Horizontal organization structure 横向企业结构Corporate goals 企业目标Charter 规章，章程Be accountable for 对负有责任Creative innovation 创新改革，创新发明 创新精神Reward system 奖励制度Pay back 回报，报偿Individuality 个性Independent thinking 独立的思想Group decision-making 集体决策Managerial skill 管理技能Coordinate 使协调，调整Interpersonal relationship 人际关系Mutual trust 相互信任Bring out the potentials 充分发挥潜能Closely-knit （关系）密切的Keep track of 跟踪，追踪Time-consuming 花费时间的Line manager 部门经理，业务经理（与行政经理相对）Pre-building 团队建设Nurture 培养，教育，发展Nurture team dynamics 培养团队活力Promote team spirit 提倡团队精神Drive team success 驱使团队成功Minimize 将减少到最少，最小化Inhibit 约束，抑止Liven up 使有生气Training session 一场训练，培训课期Rafting 漂流Rock climbing 攀岩Teammate 队友Impact 影响，效果Complementary 补充的，互补的Revitalize 使新生，给予新的活力Trait （个人性格方面的）特征，显著的特点Commitment 敬业精神Interpersonal communication skills 人际交际技能，亦作 interpersonal skillsAddress 处理（事情）How to Make Teams Effective如何组建精锐的团队People in every workplace talk about building the team, working as a team, and my team, but few understand how to create the experience of teamwork or how to develop an effective team.在各种工作场合，人们都在谈论团队建设、团队合作、自己的团队，但是却很少有人真正理解如何体验团队合作以及如何组建一支精锐的团队。 Belonging to a team, in the broadest sense, is a result of feeling part of something larger than yourself. 属于一个团队，就是体验自己成为比自己更大的团体的一部分。It has a lot to do with your understanding of the mission or objectives of your organization.这在很大程度上与你对企业任务和目标的理解有关。In a team-oriented environment, you contribute to the overall success of the organization. 在以团队为导向的环境里，你要为企业的全面成功做出自己的贡献。You work with fellow members of the organization to produce these results. 你要和同事们通力合作以达到这些目标。Even though you have a specific job function and you belong to a specific department, you are unified with other organization members to accomplish the overall objectives. 即使你属于某个工作部门，有着具体工作职责，你仍然要与其他同事团结一致去实现这些总体目标。The bigger picture drives your actions; your function exists to serve the bigger picture.你的行动受到企业更大目标的驱使，你的职责服务于企业更大的目标。Therefore, executives, managers, and organization staff members universally explore ways to improve business results and profitability.因而，行政主管、经理以及组织的普通员工无不对提高企业绩效和盈利能力的办法进行探讨。 Many view team-based, horizontal organization structures as the best design for involving all employees in creating business success.许多人认为，让全体员工参与、为企业成功共同努力的最好策略是采取以团队为基础的横向企业结构。Successful team building requires attention to each of the following Twelve Cs.成功的团队建设要遵循以下12条建议：Clear expectations: Do team members understand why the team was created?明确目标：团队成员是否明确团队组建的目的？Context: Can team members define their teams importance to the accomplishment of corporate goals?组建背景：团队成员是否明确团队对于实现企业目标的重要性？Commitment: Do team members perceive their service as valuable to the organization and to their own careers?敬业精神：团队成员是否认识到团队对于企业以及对自身事业的成功都很重要？Competence: Does the team feel that its members have the knowledge, skill, and capability to address the issues for which the team was formed?团队能力：团队是否感知其成员拥有应对种种问题的知识、技能和实际能力？而团队组建的目的就是为了解决这些问题。Charter: Has the team taken its assigned area of responsibility and designed its own mission, vision, and strategies to accomplish the mission?团队规章：团队是否明确自己的职责范围并规划出自己的目标、远景和对策以完成使命？Control: Do team members hold each other accountable for project timelines, commitments, and results?内部控制：团队成员是否对项目时间安排、应承担的义务和结果等共同负有责任？Collaboration: Do team members cooperate to accomplish the team charter?协作精神：团队成员是否能相互协作、遵循团队章程？Communication: Do team members communicate clearly and honestly with each other?内部沟通：团队成员之间能否明确、诚实地进行相互沟通？Creative Innovation: Does the team value creative thinking, unique solutions, and new ideas?创新改革：团队是否注重鼓励创新思维、独特的解决办法和新的想法？Consequences: Is the organization designing reward systems that recognize both team and individual performance?结果影响：团队是否制定奖励制度来奖励团队以及个人的工作表现？Coordination: Are teams coordinated by a central leadership that assists the groups to obtain what they need for success?协调配合:团队是否有领导核心来协调工作、帮助各小组取得成功？Cultural Change: Does the organization recognize that the more it can change its climate to support teams, the more it will receive in pay back from the work of the teams?改进文化：企业是否认识到越是通过改变企业氛围来支持团队的工作，就越能够从团队的工作中得到回报？Spend time and attention on each of these twelve tips to ensure your work teams contribute most effectively to your business success.要认真关注这12条建议，以保证你的团队能为企业的成功最有效地作出努力。PART ONE: Interview(1) Do you like working in a team or on your own?(why?) 你喜欢在团队与个人合作还是独自工作？I like working in a team, as the proverb goes:” Two heads are better than one.” In a team, I can learn from my fellow workers, get help from them when Im under pressure. And the most important thing is : I can learn to communicate with all sorts of people.(2) How important is the central leadership of a team?团队的核心领导有多重要？Its very important. You need someone with managerial skills to lead within the team: he is able to see the big picture of the work going on , to engage others, coordinate interpersonal relationship and organize resources effectively.(3) Do you prefer to work in small teams or big teams?(why)你喜欢在小型团队还是在大型团队中工作？I prefer to work in a big team. You see, when you work with more people, you get a chance to listen to different points of view, to learn to see things in different perspectives. Its also more challenging as you have to coordinate with more people,(4) Is it necessary for a team to have regular meetings?团队是否有必要定期开会？Yes, I think its absolutely necessary. Regular meetings can enable team members to keep track of work progress and its a means of considering information and making collective decisions.PART TWO: Mini-presentationWhats important when?Evaluating the success of teamwork 衡量团队成功与否需要考虑哪些要点？l Mutual trust 相互信任l Full co-operation 通力合作Mutual trust is the first secret of successful teamwork. When members share a trusting relationship, they will feel free to express their views, understand each others capabilities and limitations, and communicate with each other timely. This helps to bring out the potentials, experience and creativity of the individual and create good work environment.Full co-operation among team members has a direct impact on the success or failure of the team. When team members develop a strong awareness of cooperation, they would make collective efforts to achieve the common objectives and ensure a higher level of quality and workmanship.On top of that, timely communication and decision making will also help to improve work efficiency.相互信任是团队合作成功的秘密之一，当团队成员建立相互信任的关系，他们就可以毫无束缚的表达自己的观点，相互了解对方的能力和缺点，而且可以及时相互沟通。这将有助于激发个人潜力、经验、和创造力并且可以营造良好的工作环境。团队成员的通力合作也对会直接影响团队成功的失败。当团队成员有强烈的合作意识，他们将会共同努力达到共同的目标。并确保高水平的质量及工艺。除此之外，及时的沟通和做决定也将帮助改善工作效率。PART THREE： DiscussionTeamworkYour company is offering a brief training programme on team building for line managers. You have been asked to help plan the programme. Discuss the situation together, and decide:l what issues should the programme focus onl what kind of activities should be included团队合作你们公司正在考虑为部门经理提供关于团队建设的短期培训课程。请你们协助策划这一课程。讨论并决定：l 该培训课程应集中在哪些问题上l 应包含哪些活动A: Well, I think its a good idea that our company is planning to offer a training programme on team building for all line managers.B：Yes. We need to work out the focus of this programme.A: In my opinion, we should , first of all, focus on issues like how to form an effective team and how to improve communication within the team. These are the most important things we need to consider when holding a training programme.B: Yes, I quite agree with you. Understanding these issues is the pre-requisite of successful team-building. Besides that, how to nurture team dynamics should be another focus of our training programme, I mean, analyse and encourage the dynamics that drive team success and minimize the factors that inhibit the healthy functioning of the team.A: Yes, only when all team members are motivated, and they give good performance in work.B: So we can include in our programme, the activities that help to promote team spirit, activities that help develop employee motivation and improve communication.A: Well, we can provide team building games, and outdoor activities that liven up the training sessions.B: Im quite with you here. We can organize outdoor adventures like rafting, sailing and rock climbing. These events serve to increase personal awareness of abilities and complementary skills in your teammates.A: its a very good idea. These exciting activities not only encourage team participation, problem soving and revitalize morale, they also add some fun and variation to our programme.B: And in fulfilling their potentials, everyone in the team learns to understand other peoples capacities and learns to appreciate the impact of their traits on team dynamics.A: Yes, mutual understanding and mutual trust are indispensable to effective team building.A:我觉得公司计划为所有部门经理提供团队建设的培训课程真是个好主意。B:是的，我们需要想出此次活动的重点。A：我的观点是，我们首先应该把重点放在如何组建一个有效率的团队和如何改善团队关系的方面。当我们举办培训课程时，这些是我们需要考虑的最重要的事情。B：是的，我非常同意你的看法。成功的团队建设前提就是了解你所说的这些问题。除此之外，怎样激发团队活力应该是我们培训课程的另一个需要重视的方面，我的意思是，分析和鼓励团队成功的动力，使抑制团队良性运作的因素减少到最小。A：是的，只有当所有团队成员都充满动力，他们在工作中才会表现出好的成绩。B：因此我们应该将能帮助发扬团队合作精神、帮助发展员工积极性和提高沟通的活动包括在我们的课程中。A：是的，我们可以提供团队建设的游戏，和户外活动让培训课程充满活力。B：我同意你的看法。我们可以组织像漂流、航海和攀岩等户外探险。这些项目帮助增强个人意识的能力和与队友互补的技能。A： 这是个好主意。这些激动人心的活动不仅可以鼓励队员、解决问题和重振士气。也可以为我们的课程增加乐趣和使其多样化。B：为了挖掘他们的潜力，团队中每个人学会去了解其他人的能力以及学会去欣赏他们对团队动力影响的特质。A：是的，相互了解和相互信任对于有效的团队建设是必不可少的。（1） What are the characteristics of a good team?一个良好的团队有哪些特点？Characteristics like mutual trust, co-operation, commitment, openness of expression among team members are essential to a good team. Besides, a team should also be clear about the common goals they aim to attain.（2） What might be the disadvantages of working in a team environment?在团队中工作有哪些不利因素？Sometimes, team membership requires you to give up some individuality in order for the tea