专业英语复习句子.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流专业英语复习句子.精品文档.1.This does not mean，however，that natural products or other agents are less important.但是，这并不意味着，天然产品或其他药剂并不太重要。2. Table 1 gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.表1给出了获取药剂的不同方法的概述。3.Fermentations are carried out in stainless steel fermentors with volumes up to 400 m3.发酵是在容量高达400立方米的不锈钢发酵罐中进行的。4In the case of penicillin G， the fermentation is finished after 200 hours，and the cell mass is separated by filtration.就青霉素G而言，在发酵200小时后完成此过程，通过过滤将细胞物质分离。5. The desired active agents are isolated from the filtrate by absorption or extraction processes.所需活性剂是通过吸收或萃取过程，从滤液中被分离。6. Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split into three groups。根据药剂的产物或者来源，他们可以分为三种类型。7. Dextran itself，with a molecular weight of 50,000 100,000，is used as a blood plasma substitute.葡聚糖本身分子量是5万10万，是用作血浆代用品。8.In this way human insulin is obtained totally indepently from any pancreatic material taken from animals. 通过这种方式获得的人类胰岛素是完全不依赖于动物的胰腺组织。9.The insulin ester is separated , hydrolyzed to human insulin and finally purified by chromatographic procedures .胰岛素酯被分离、水解为人胰岛素，最后通过色谱的方法被纯化。10.Understanding also makes it possible to recognize contamination of the agents by intermediates and by- products.理解合成路径有助于辨别中间体和副产物给药剂带来的污染。11.For this reason it is approprite somewhere in this book to illusrate a tree of especially important intermediates.基于这个原因，它在这本书的某个地方说明重要中间体的结构是合适的。12.In a similar way this is also true for the intermediates based on the industrial aromatic compounds toluene, phenol and chlorobenzene.用类似的方式，以工业芳香族化合物甲苯、苯酚和氯苯为基础来合成中间体也是正确的。13.This is advantageous because they can then easily be separated from the reaction medium and recycled for further use.由于他们可以很容易地从反应介质中行被分离和回收再利用，这是他们的优势。14. A careful description and definition of all stored intermediates and products is needed.仔细描述和定义所有储存的中间体和产品是必要的。15.Special care has to be taken to avoid cross-contamination by other products what can be effected by good cleansing of used apparatus.由于使用过的仪器的清洁度对其它产物的影响，所以，特别小心，注意避免交叉污染。16.All these activities,many of which are interdependent,need to be carefully planned and co-ordinate.所有这些活动，其中很多都是相互依存的，需要仔细的规划和协调。17.It is expensive, particularly in the later phases of clinical development,where studies involve hundreds of patients.特别是在临床开发的后阶段,研究涉及数以百计的病人，费用是昂贵的。18.The amount of material required for different tests will often depend on the actual potency and dosage form of the compound 不同的测试所需的材料数量往往会取决于化合物的实际的效力和剂型19.This is becoming more and more critical with the increasing emphasis on limited formularies , healthcare costs, and pharmacoeconomics.随着愈加强调处方的限制，医疗费用和药物经济学也变得越来越至关重要。20.The main aim is to ensure that the composition of compound is understood and that ultimately the material that is prepared is as pure as possible.主要目标是确保化合物的组成要明确和最终材料的准备要尽可能纯净。21. This chapter will describe the main activities required for successful development of a new drug. 本章将描述一个新药开发所需的主要活动。22.The timing and outcome of much of the work has direct impact on work in other disciplines.这项工作中的耗时和结果对其他学科的工作有直接影响。23.Later clinical studies would use the expected marketed dosage form.后期的临床研究将使用预期销售剂量形式。24.Toxicology studies of 30 days duration are required to support clinical studies of 7 to 10 days duration7至10天的临床研究，需要为期30天的毒理学研究来支持。25.Clinical studies of greater than 7 to 10 days up to 30 days duration require the support of at least 90 days toxicology studies超过7至10天甚至高达30天的临床研究需要有至少90天的毒理学研究来支持。26.The dosage form of drug is the form by which it is administered to the patient.药物的剂量是是给病人服药的形式。27.This means that in early human studies these organs and tissues can be monitored with particular attention.这意味着，这些器官和组织在早期人类研究中，要特别注意监控。28.Two types of safety test are used to detect the ability of the drug candidate to product tumours in man.两种类型的安全测试是用来检测候选药物在人类肿瘤发生方面的能力。29.Reproductive toxicology is that part of toxicology dealing with the effect of compounds on reproduction-fertility, foetal abnormalities , post-natal development . 生殖毒理学是毒理学的一部分，是关于化合物对繁殖生育，胎儿畸形，产后发展的影响。30.Long-term toxicity studies will normally include toxicity studies of six and twelve months duration in two pieces .长期的毒性研究通常在两个物种中进行持续6到12个月毒性研究。31.Caffeine comprises as much as 5 percent by weight of the leaf material in tea plants.咖啡因占茶叶重量的5%。32.Tannins also dissolve in the hot water used to extract tea leaves.单宁也溶于用于提取茶叶的热水。33.If calcium carbonate，a base，is added to tea water，the calcium salts of these acids are formed.碳酸钙是一种碱，如果被添加到茶水中，就会形成这些酸的钙盐。34.Thus，the chloroform extraction of the basic tea solution removes nearly pure caffeine.因此，用氯仿萃取碱性茶溶液可得到几乎纯的咖啡因。35.In a second part of this experiment，Caffeine will be converted to a derivative.在本实验的第二部分，咖啡因会被转换为一种衍生物。36.Caffeine is a base and will react with an acid to give a salt.咖啡因是一种碱，它可以与酸反应生成盐。37.It is a toxic solvent，and you should not breathe it excessively or spill it on yourself.它是一种有毒溶剂，你不应该过度吸入它或者把它洒在自己身上。38. Place 25g of dry tea leaves, 25g of calcium carbonate powder , and 250ml of water in a 500ml three neck round bottom flask equipped with a condenser for reflux.在一个装有回流冷凝器的500ml三颈烧瓶中放入25克干茶叶，25克碳酸钙粉末和250毫升水。39. Since cellulose is virtually insoluble in water,it presents no problems in the isolation procedure.因为纤维素实际上不溶于水，所以在提取过程中它的存在没有影响。40. Evaporate the now light-green solution to dryness by heating it on a steam bath in the hood.在通风厨中，通过蒸气浴加热蒸干所得的浅绿色溶液。41. The residue obtained on evaporation of the chloroform is next crystallized by the mixed solvent method.蒸发氯仿获得的残渣，通过混合溶剂的方法被结晶。42. Acetone may be used for simple crystallization without a second solvent.丙酮可用于简单的结晶，不需要第二个溶剂。43. Cool the solution and collect the crystalline product by vacuum filtration using a Hirsch funnel.冷却溶液，并使用布氏漏斗通过真空过滤来收集结晶产品。44. Calculate the weighty percentage yield based on tea and determine the melting point.根据茶叶来计算重量百分比的产率，并确定熔点。45. If desired, the product may be further purified by sublimation as described in the next experiment.如果需要，可以用接下来的实验中所描述的升华方式，对产品进行进一步纯化。46.Therefore, the characteristics and standards presented in this chapter for the production of large-volume parenteral solution apply equally to irrigating solution.因此，在本章中提到的大量注射液产品的特点和标准，同样适用于冲洗液。47.Sterile products are most frequently solutions or suspensions, but may even be solid pellets for tissue implantation.无菌产品最常见的是溶剂或者悬浮液，但甚至可能是用于组织植入的固体颗粒。48.Therefore, the preparation of sterile products has become a highly specialized area in pharmaceutica processing.因此，无菌产品的制备已成为一个高度专业化的制药加工区。49.The standards established, the attitude of personnel, and the process control must be of a superior level.标准建立，人员态度，和过程控制必须是高标准。50. By far the most frequently employed vehicle for sterile products is water,since it is the vehicle for all natural body fluids.目前，无菌产品最常用的溶媒是水，因为水是所有天然体液的溶媒。51.In general, added substances must be nontoxic in the quantity administered to the patient. 一般说来，给病人服用药品中的添加剂的质量必须是无毒的。52.At the same time,theseagents must be prevented from adversely affecting the product.与此同时，这些制剂不能给产品带来不利影响。53.The formulation of a parenteral product involves the combination of one or more ingredients with a medicinal agent to enhance the convenience，acceptability，or effectieness of the product. 注射液的配方涉及一个或者多个组分与药剂的结合，用以提高产品的方便性，可接受性或者药效。54.On the other hand，a therapeutic agent is a chemical compound subject to the physical and chemical reactions characteristic of the class of compounds to which it belongs. 另一方面，治疗剂是受它所属化合物种类的物理和化学反应特性影响的一种化合物。55.The formulation of sterile products is challenging,therefore,to the knowledge and ingenuity of the persons responsible .因此，无菌产品的配方对于设计师的经验和灵感是一种挑战。56. Therefore for contaminants other than ions,additional tests should be performed.因此，除了离子的污染，还需要进行额外的测试。57.Intimately associated with these processes are the personnel who carry them out and the facilities in which they are performed .与这些过程有紧密联系的是执行人员和运行设备。58. Sterile products are dosage forms of therapeutic agents that are free of viable microorganisms.无菌产品是一种没有活的微生物的治疗剂剂型。59.No extemporaneous changes are permitted to be made in these procedures ,any change must go through the same approval steps as the original written SOP.这些步骤是不允许进行临时改动的，任何改动都必须通过与原有标准操作规程一样的审批程序。60.Such in-process control is essential to assuring the quality of the product ，since these assurances are even more significant than those from product release testing .这些过程控制对于保证产品的质量来说是必要的，因为这些保证甚至比产品出厂测试更重要。