北京师范大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语真题.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流北京师范大学2006年博士研究生入学考试英语真题.精品文档.北京师范大学2006年博士生入学考试英语试题English Entrance Examination forNonEnglish MajorIListening Comprehension (1 5 points)II Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions： There are six passages in this partEach of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and DChoose the best One and mark your answer 0n the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre Passage 1 Anyone who trains animals recognizes that human and animal perceptual capacities are different. For most humans，seeing is believing，although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyesThe other senses are largely ancillary；Most of us do not know how we might go about either doubting or Believe our noses. But for dogs，scenting is believingA dogs nose is to ours as the wrinkled surface of our complex brain is to the surface of an eggA dog who did comparatively psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack there of. Just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of scent，but we have nolanguage for doing it the other way about，no way to represent something visuallyof humans can by means of actual scentMost humans cannot know, with their limited noses，what they can imagine about being deaf, blind，mute，or paralyzedThe sighted can, for example，speak of a blind person as “in the darkness,” but there is no corollary expression for what it is that. We are in relationship to scentIf we tried to coin words we might come up with something like“scent-blind.” But what would it mean? It could，have the sort of meaning that “color-blind” and “tone-deaf” do，because most of us have experienced what“tone”and“color”mean in those expressions，but we dont know what “scent” means in the expression“scent-blind” Scent for many of us can be only a theoretical，technical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are prompted to utter about animalstrackingWe dont have a sense of scentWhat we do have is a sense of smellfor Thanksgiving dinner and skunks and a number of things we call chemicals So if Fido and I are sitting on the terrace，admiring the view, we inhabit worldswith radically different principles of phenomenologySay that the wind is to ourbacksOur world lies all before us，within a 1 80 degree angleThe dogs well，we dont know, do we? He sees roughly the same things that I see but he believes the scents of the gardenbehind USHe marks the path of the blackand white cat as she moves among the roses in search of the bits of chicken sandwich I 1et fall as I walked from the house to our picnic spotI can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how，for my picturemaking modes of thought too easily supply falsifying literal representations of the cat and the garden and their modes of being hidden from or revealed to me1 6The phrase“other senses are largely ancillary” (Paragraph 1)is used by the authorto suggest that_.Aonly those events experienced directly Can be appreciated by the sensesBfor many human beings the sense of sight is the primary means of knowing aboutthe worldCsmell is in many respects a more powerful sense than sightDpeople rely on at least one of their other senses in order to confirm with what theysee1 7 “principles of phenomenology” mentioned in Paragraph 3 can best be defined as that _.Arules one uses to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thingBbehaviors caused by certain kinds of perceptionCways and means of knowing about somethingDeffect of single individuals perception on what others believe1 8The missing phrase in the incomplete sentence“The dogs_well。we dont know, do we?”refers to _.A. color blindnessB. perception of the worldC. concern for our perceptionD. depth perception1 9The author uses the distinction between“that”and“how”(Last Paragraph) inorder to suggest the difference between_.Aseeing and believingBa cats way and dogs way of perceivingCfalse representations and accurate representationsDawareness of presence and the nature of that awareness20The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how_.Aa dog perception differs from a humansBpeople fear nature but animals are part of itCa dogs ways of seeing are superior to a catsDphenomenology is universal and constantPassage 2 Sneezing，wheezing season begins for hay fever victims We have had tidings for the countrys 30 million hay sufferers：Sneezing season is here Unfortunately, this years weather conditions-a rainy spring and summer-were perfect for producing bumper crops of ragweed and goldenrod in many areas of thecountryThat means pollen counts may be very high during the next two months Traditionally，sneezing season arrives August 1 5 and hangs around until the firstfrost in OctoberThe peak occurs around Labor Day，a holiday that wise hay fevervictims spend at the beach，in the desert，or parked in front of air conditionersFinancially well-off hay fever victims jet to Europe because the old continent doesnt have ragweed and goldenrod Most of the country east of the Mississippi River basin is infested with thenoxious plants，but allergists say the upper Midwest is the nations pollen pits，particularly Ohio，Indiana，Michigan and Illinois Oddly, the East has two hay fever havens：New Yorks Adirondack Mountainsand southern FloridaSoil conditions in the Adirondack and Florida arent conducive to ragweed and goldenrodThe Western states from the Rockies to the Pacific also dont have sneezy weeds National Weather Service climatologists say folks along the East Coast from Georgia to Maine will have the worst pollen counts this year because rainfall alongthe Atlantic Seaboard has been above normal and the plants have had unusual growthRainfall in Massachusetts，New Hampshire and Maine has been 50 percent above normal since New Years .Rainfall also is 50 percent above normal in parts of lower，NebraskaMinnesota and South Dakota，and folks in those states also can expect heavy wheezingTennessee，Kentucky and Louisiana have had above normal rains since NewYears and they，too，face high pollen counts21According to the article，soil conditions in some areas arent “conducive toragweed or goldenrod the word “conducive” means_.Afavorable toBconfusingCbeneficial toDcapable of conducting liquid22The plant most commonly associated with high pollen counts is_.Athe rose Bthe dandelion Cragweed Dseaweeds23According to the article，pollen counts will be unusually high because_.A the season started earlier than usualB the Mississippi River is affected by the noxious plantsCclimatologists have been working on the problemDthere was a rainy spring and summer in many parts of the country24The article implies that people who live in the western states from the Rockies to the Pacific_.A. will suffer more than anyone else from hay feverB. will not suffer much from hay feverC. will fly to Europe during the heavy fever seasonD. will always leave for a holiday during the hay fever season25If you had allergies, your doctor probably would warn you against moving to_.Athe upper mid-westCsouthern FloridaBthe lower mid-westDany European country Passage 3Faced with rapid change and the fear and uncertainty that go with it, individuals as well as nations sometimes seek to return to the ways of the past as a solutionIn the early 1980s the idea of returning to the ways of the past had a strong appeal to many Americans who increasingly viewed their past as being better than their futureYankelovich and Lefkowitz have observed that until the 1970s Americans generally believed that the present was a better time for their country than the past and that thefuture would be better than the present；by 1 978，however，public opinion polls showed that many Americans had come to believe that trust the opposite was true：the past had been better for the country than the present，and the present was better than the future would be The population appeal of returning to the ways of the past as a solution to the problems of the 1 980s was demonstrated when Ronald Reagan was elected Presidentof the United States in 1 980Time magazine chose President Reagan as its “man ofthe year” and said of him：“intellectuallyemotionallyReagan 1ives in the past” One of President Reagans basic beliefs is that the United States should return asmuch as possible to its pre-1980 waysIn those times business institutions were strong and government institutions were weakReagan believes that the American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened by business and weakened by governmentTherefore，his programs as President have been designed to greatly strengthen business and reduce the size and power of the national governmentBy moving in this way toward the practices of the past，president Reagan believed that the standard of living of Americans would begin to improve once more in the 1 980s as it had done throughout most of the nations history 26American people wish to return to ways of the past because_.Athey are nostalgicBthey are uncertain of the presentCthey are conservativeDthey are facing too many social problems27Before the 1 970s Americans generally believed that_.Athe past was better than the presentBthe present was as good as the pastCthey should return to the pastDthe present was better than the past28One of the reasons that Reagan was chosen as the“man of the year in 1 980 byTime magazine was that_.Ahe knew a lot about the pastBhe was experienced enough to compare the present with the pastChis ideas and feelings are quite similar to those of the pleasant pastDhe was well liked by American people29Which of the following might not be used as an explanation for Reagans beliefthat the American values of individual freedom and competition are strengthened bybusiness and weakened by government?_.AWhen a government is too powerful，individuals wont have much freedomBWhen businesses have more freedom，they are likely to be more competitiveCThe reduction of the power of the government will allow more freedom for businessDGovernment has proved itself useless in terms of enhancing individual freedom and competition30President Reagans belief about the relation between business and governmentwas based on _.Amodem political theoryB. practices of the pastCpractices of the presentDhis own creative ideas Passage 4 The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mileContinental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 2 11 persquare mile in EuropeIn the western hemisphere，population densities range fromabout 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto RicoIn Europethe range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in theNetherlandsWithin countries there are wide variations of population densitiesForexample，in Egypt，the average is 55 persons per square mile，but 1300 personsinhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization，such as the Netherlands，Belgium，and Great Britain，or where lands are intensively used for agriculture，as in Puerto Rico and Java Low average population densities are characteristic of most underdevelopedCountriesLow density of population is generally associated with a relatively lowpercentage of cultivated landThis generally results from poor quality landsIt mayalso be due to natural obstacles to cultivation，such as deserts，mountains ormalariainfested jungles；to land uses other than cultivation，as pasture and forestedland；to primitive methods that limit cultivation；to social obstacles；and to 1andownership systems which keep 1and out of production More economically advanced countries of low population density have，as a rule，large proportions of their populations living in urban areasTheir rural populationdensities are usually very lowPoorer developed countries of correspondingly lowgeneral population density, on the other hand，often have a concentration of ruralpopulation 1iving on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found inthe most densely populated industrial countries3 1Which of the following may be the best title?_.AWhere People LiveBIndustrialization and PopulationCPopulation DistributionDPopulation Densities32According to the passage，Java is a land of_.A heavy industrializationB 1arge citiesC intense agricultureDpoverty33In timberland areas of the world，_.Athere is dense populationBwe may expect to find malaria-infested junglesCthe density of population is relatively lowDgood quality land is found34In highly industrialized communities，we may expect_A1arge rural areas Burban developmentCepidemics Darable land 3 5This passage has most probably been taken from_Aan almanac Ba world geography bookCa textbook on economics Da census reportPassage 5 A new era is upon us call it what you will：the service economy，the informationage，the knowledge societyIt all translates to a fundamental change in the way weworkAlready we are partly thereThe percentage of people who earn their living bymaking things has fallen dramatically in the Western worldToday the majority ofjobs in America，Europe and Japan(two thirds or more in many of these countries)arein the service industryand the number is on the riseMore women are in the workforce than ever beforeThere are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employedBut the breadth of the economic transformation cant be measured by numbers alone，because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itselfLong-held notions about jobs and careers，the skills needed to succeed，even the relation between individuals and employersall these are being challenged We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie aheadNo one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personalcomputers, digital communications and factory robotsTomorrows ach