土木工程材料模拟试题五.doc
【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流土木工程材料模拟试题五 1 名词解释 (每题2分,共12分)2 憎水性材料3 气硬性胶凝材料4 混凝土强度保证率5 建筑钢材的冲击韧性6 时效敏感性7 沥青混合料饱和度8 判断题 (对的划,不对的划×, 每题1分,共15分)9 孔隙率大的材料,其耐水性不一定不好。10 水玻璃硬化后耐水性好,因此可以涂刷在石膏制品的表面,以提高石膏制品的耐久性。11 硅酸盐水泥不适用于有防腐要求的混凝土工程。12 水泥的体积安定性不合格可以降低等级使用。13 流动性大的混凝土比流动性小的混凝土强度高。14 粉煤灰砌块的干缩较小。15 砂子的级配决定总表面积的大小,粗细程度决定空隙率的大小。16 APP 改性沥青卷材不适合严寒地区建筑防水。17 混凝土的强度平均值和标准差,都是说明混凝土质量的离散程度的。18 当原材料一定,胶凝材料与砂子的比例一定,则砂浆的流动性主要取决于单位用水量。19 烧结空心砖可以用于六层以下的承重墙。20 寒冷地区应尽量选用脆性转变温度较高的建筑钢材。21 钢结构设计时,对直接承受动荷载的结构应选用沸腾钢。22 沥青用量越大,沥青混合料的抗剪强度也越高。23 沥青混合料的稳定度表示其抵抗温度变形的能力。24 填空题 ( 每题1分,共25分)25 石灰浆体碳化过程的化学方程式是 _。26 常用的六大水泥包括: _, _, _, _, _, _。27 砂子的级配曲线表示 _,细度模数表示 _。配制混凝土用砂一定要考虑 _ 和 _都符合要求。28 混凝土拌合物坍落度的选择原则是:在不妨碍 _、 _并能保证的条件下,尽可能采用较 _的坍落度。29 钢筋经冷拉后,其屈服点 _,塑性和韧性 _,弹性模量 _。冷加工钢筋经时效后,可进一步提高 _强度。30 烧结普通砖的抗风化性通常以其 _、 _及 _等指标判别。31 改性沥青卷材分为 _和 _二类。32 混凝土配合比设计的二个方法是 _和 _。33 问答题 (共30分)34 Give a brief introduction on how to improve concrete strength. (10分)35 What is concrete durability? What are the measures taken to improve concrete durability? (10分)36 How does W/C affect concrete workability and strength? (6分)37 What are the petrol asphalt technical properties and their indexes respectively? (4分)38 计算题 (共18分)39 某材料的密度为2.70g/cm3,干表观密度为1800Kg/m3,现将一重920g的该材料浸入水中,吸水饱和后取出称重为1020g,试求该材料的孔隙率、重量吸水率、开口孔隙率及闭口孔隙率。(5分)40 某混凝土配合比为 12.434.71 , W/C 0.62 ,设混凝土表观密度为 2400 kg/ m 3 计,求各材料用量。(6分)假设混凝土抗压强度随龄期的对数而直线增长,已知1d强度不等于0,7d抗压强度为21MPa,14d抗压强度为26.0MPa,求28d强度为多少?(7分)标准答案41 名词解释 (每题2分,共12分) 41 憎水性材料是指当水分子之间的内聚力大于水分子与材料表面分子之间的吸引力时,材料表面不会被水浸润,此种材料称为憎水性材料。41 气硬性胶凝材料是指只能在空气中硬化,保持并继续发展其强度的胶凝材料。41 混凝土强度保证率是指混凝土强度总体中大于设计的强度等级值的概率。41 建筑钢材的冲击韧性是指钢材抵抗冲击荷载的能力。41 时效敏感性是指因时效而导致钢材性能改变的程度的大小。41 沥青混合料的高温稳定性是指在高温条件下,沥青混合料承受多次重复荷载作用而不发生过大的累积塑性变形的能力。42 判断题 (对的划,不对的划×, 每题1分,共15分) 2. × 3. 4. × 5. × 6. × 7. × 8. 9. × 10. × 11. × 12. × 13. × 14. 15.×43 填空题 ( 每题1分,共25分) 43 CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2,Ca(OH)2 +CO2 +H2O=CaCO3 +2H2O43 硅酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥、粉煤灰水泥、火山灰质水泥 、普通硅酸盐水泥、复合水泥。43 砂的颗粒级配 ,砂的粗细程度,颗粒级配和粗细程度43 施工 ,密实成型,小43 提高,降低,有所下降,屈服强度43 抗冻性,吸水率,饱和系数43 弹性体改性沥青卷材,塑性体沥青卷材43 假定表观密度法、体积法44 问答题 (共30分) The following measures can be taken to improve concrete strength(1) Use high strength cement (2分)(2) Reduce W/C as small as possible (2分)(3) Use clean sand and scree with excellent gradation. It is recommended to use small grain size scree in high strength concrete. (2分)(4) Use high efficient water-reducing admixture and mixing admixture. Hardening acceleratorcan be used to improve early strength. (2分)(5) Keep proper temperature and higher humidity for curing. It also can be cured in humid and hot condition (steam cure) to improve the early strength. (2分)Durability is proposed for the description of concrete ability in resisting environment and medium influence and maintaining good utility properties. The following steps can be taken to enhance its durability: (1分)(1) select cement type according to the specific construction environment and properties. (2分)(2) set W/C and use cement properly. W/C is the decisive factor in concrete solidity. Strictly control the maximum W/C and guarantee the plentiful usage of cement (2分)(3) select excellent crushed stones and crude aggregates. Improve the fine and crude aggregates gradation. Select the crude aggregates with larger diameter within the permitted diameter ranges. Reduce aggregates voidage and specific surface area. (2分)(4) Use air entraining admixture and water reducing admixture to improve the anti-permeability and frost-resistance ability. (2分)(5) Enforce the construction quality control (1分)(1) Water resistance refers to the performance that the material shows in resisting the water destruction. It is remarked with softening index. (2分)(2) Permeability is defined as the ability resisting water permeation by pressure. It is expressed by permeability index and permeability gradation. (2分)(3) Anti-freezing refers to the ability that the saturated materials still keep its strength and integrality after repeated thawing and freezing circles. It is expressed by anti-freezing gradation. (2分)(1) Cohesion. Solid or half solid petrol asphalt can be expressed by penetration degree index. Liquid petrol asphalt can be expressed by standard cohesion. (1分)(2) Plasticity. It can be expressed by elongation index.(1分)(3) Temperature stability. It can be expressed by softening point index.(1分)(4) Atmosphere stability. It can be expressed by evaporation loss and penetration degree after evaporation index. (1分)45 计算题 (共18分) 解:孔隙率 P (1 0/)× 100 (1-1.8/2.7)× 100 =33 ;重量吸水率 mw (m水/m)× 100 (1020-920)/920 × 100 =11 ;开口孔隙率 V开 /V0 = (1020-920)/(920/1.8) × 100 19.6 闭口孔隙率 33 19.6 13.4 所以,该材料的孔隙率、重量吸水率、开口孔隙率及闭口孔隙率分别为: 33 ; 11 ; 19.6 ; 13.4 。 (5分)解:设水泥的质量为 CKg ,则 W 0.62CKg ; S 2.43CKg ; G 4.71CKg ;按假定表观密度法有: C+S+G+W= 0h所以, C 0.62C 2.43C 4.71C 2400由上式可得: C= 274Kg ; W 170Kg ; S 666Kg ; G 1290Kg 。所以,各种材料的用量为: C= 274Kg ; W 170Kg ; S 666Kg ; G 1290Kg 。(6分)解:设混凝土n天的抗压强度为fn,龄期为n ,则 fnAlgn B 又有: f7 Alg7 B f14 Alg14 B 由式 得 : A=16.61 ; B 6.96 ,代入式 得: f28 16.61lg28 6.96 31MPa (7分)土木工程材料模拟试题四 1 名词解释 (每题2分,共12分)2 吸湿性3 水硬性胶凝材料4 水泥石腐蚀5 混凝土拌合物离析6 钢材的屈强比7 沥青混合料流值8 判断题 (对的划,不对的划×, 每题1分,共15分)9 在进行材料抗压强度试验时,大试件较小试件的试验结果值偏小。10 建筑石膏制品可以防火性能好,可以在高温条件下长期使用。11 强度不合格的水泥应作废品处理。12 体积安定性不合格的水泥在空气中放置一段时间后,安定性可能合格了。13 粒化高炉矿渣是一种非活性混合材料。14 保持砂率不变增加砂石用量,可以减小混凝土拌合物的流动性。15 矿渣水泥适合于有抗渗要求的混凝土工程。16 在混凝土中掺入适量减水剂,不减少用水量,则可改善混凝土拌合物和易性,显著提高混凝土的强度,并可节约水泥的用量。17 混凝土的强度平均值和标准差,都是说明混凝土质量的离散程度的。18 砌筑砂浆的强度,无论其底面是否吸水,砂浆的强度主要取决于水泥强度及水灰比。19 多孔砖和空心砖都具有自重较小、绝热性较好的优点,故它们均适合用来砌筑建筑物的内外墙体。20 吊车梁和桥梁用钢,要注意选用韧性大,且时效敏感性大的钢材。21 石油沥青只作胶凝材料使用。22 SBS 改性沥青卷材适合高温地区建筑防水。23 沥青用量降低会显著影响沥青路面的寿命。24 填空题 ( 每题1分,共25分)25 硅酸盐水泥的细度用 _表示,普通水泥的细度用 _表示,硅酸盐水泥的终凝结时间为 _,普通水泥的终凝结时间为 _。26 硅酸三钙的水化方程式是 _,产物中为 _晶体结构, _为凝胶体结构。 27 减水剂的主要作用是 _, _和 _。28 混凝土中水泥浆凝结硬化前起 _和 _作用,凝结硬化后起 _作用。29 测定砂浆强度的标准试件是 _mm的立方体试件,在条件下养护 _d,测定其 _强度,据此确定砂浆的 _。30 砂浆流动性的选择,是根据 _和 _等条件来决定。31 钢材的冲击韧性随温度下降而降低,当环境温度降至 _时,冲击韧性 _,这时钢材呈 _性。32 石油沥青的三大技术指标是 _、 _、 _。33 问答题 (共30分)34 Give a brief introduction of Portland concrete setting and hardening principle. (5分)35 How is concrete mobility described? How is concrete selected in construction according to its different mobility?(10分)36 How does W/C affect concrete workability and strength?(10分)37 what are the measures taken to produce the high strength concrete?(5分)38 计算题(共18分)39 已知某岩石的密度为2.65g/cm3,干表观密度为 2.56g/cm3,吸水率为1.5 ,试计算该岩石中开口孔隙与闭口孔隙所占的比例。(5分)40 某混凝土配合比为12.204.20,W/C0.60,已知水泥、砂、石表观密度(kg/m3)为分别为3100,2600和2500,试计算每立方米拌合物所需各材料用量。 (6分)41 已知某混凝土的试验室配合比为 CS G 11.92 3.97 , W/C 0.56, 配制1m3 混凝土水泥用量为300Kg 。施工现场砂、石的含水率分别为5% 和1% ,求施工配合比。(7分)标准答案42 名词解释 (每题2分,共12分) 42 吸湿性是指材料在潮湿空气中吸收水分的性质。 吸湿性是指材料在潮湿空气中吸收水分的性质。42 水硬性胶凝材料是指不但能在空气中硬化,还能更好的在水中硬化,保持并继续增长其强度的胶凝材料。42 水泥石腐蚀是在一些腐蚀性介质中,水泥石的结构会遭到破坏,强度和耐久性降低,甚至完全破坏的现象。42 混凝土拌合物离析是指混凝土拌和物由于密度和粒径不同,在外力作用下组成材料的分离析出的现象。42 钢材的屈强比是反映钢材的可利用率和安全性的大小。42 沥青混合料流值是指达到最大破坏荷重时沥青混合料试件的垂直变形。43 判断题 (对的划,不对的划×, 每题1分,共15分) 2. × 3. × 4. 5. × 6. 7. × 8. × 9. × 10. × 11. × 12. × 13. × 14. 15.44 填空题 ( 每题1分,共25分) 44 390min , 10h44 3CaO·SiO2 +H2O 3CaO·2SiO2 ·3H2O+Ca(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, 3CaO·2SiO2 ·3H2O44 水泥质点表面电性 、溶剂化膜使滑动能力增加,分散度提高,流动性和强度增加44 填充、润滑,胶结44 70.7mm × 70.7mm × 70.7mm,标准, 28d,抗压,强度等级44 砌体种类,施工条件44 脆性临界温度以下,降低 ,冷脆性44 粘度、延度、 软化点45 问答题 (共30分) 45 after hardening, cement structure development can be divided into three periods: early period, middle period and late period. Various mineral compositions in Portland cement (熟料)will interact with each other and produce hydrates. As hydrates increases, the pores between cement particles will be infilled meanwhile calcium hydroxide crystal and calcium aluminates hydrate crystal flow between calcium silicate hydrate gels. Then it forms the cement with certain strength and moves to the hardening phase (5分)(1) Concrete mixture mobility sets slump and Vebe Consistometer as its index. Slump is used for larger mobility concrete mixture while Vebe Consistometer is used for dry and hard concrete mixture.(4分)(2) It is recommended to select smaller slump for cement efficiency and high quality concrete under the principle of construction feasibility and dense vibration. In construction the concrete mixture slump is decided upon the component cross section, supporting steel spacing and construction method. It is recommended to select larger slump when the cross section is small or the supporting steel spacing is wider or the concrete mixture is mixed by manual vibration, otherwise smaller slump is recommended when the cross section is larger or the supporting steel spacing is narrower or the concrete mixture is mixed by machine vibration. (6分)(1) When mixed with fixed amount of cement, there will be small W/C and dry concrete with small slump, so it is hard to form dense shapes. If W/C is lower, the concrete is easy to be broken and has poor performance in viscidity so that the hardened concrete strength and durability will reduce. If W/C is higher, the concrete not only has thin concentration and larger slump but it is easy to segregate, laminate and bleed as well, therefore the hardened concrete strength and durability will reduce. With proper W/C the concrete can be formed into dense and uniform shapes. (5分)(2) Concrete strength depends on W/C on the condition of the same cement type and strength degree. Within the certain range of W/C (the concrete can be formed into dense shapes.), the lower W/C, the higher the compressive strength becomes. As W/C becomes lower (the concrete can not be formed into dense shapes.), the porosity will become larger and the strength will reduce. As W/C becomes higher, the strength will reduce.(5分)The following measures can be taken to produce the high strength concrete(1) use high strength cement(1分)(2) set smaller W/C(1分)(3) use machine mixing and vibrating for formation(1分)(4) process at high temperature and hunidity(1分)(5) use admixture (1分)46 计算题 解:设该材料干燥状态得质量为 m ,则有 m/ V (1)0 m/ V0 (2)mw m水 × 100 /m (3)由式( 1 )和( 2 )得: V孔 V0 -V=m ( 0 ) /0 由式( 3 )得: V开 V水 m mw / 水所以, V开 / V孔 (1 × 2.56 × 2.65)/(5.65-2.56) 0.75V闭 / V孔 1-0.75 0.25该岩石中开口孔隙与闭口孔隙所占的比例分别为 0.75 和 0.25 。(5分)解: 1 立方米 拌合物需水泥的量为 C ,按假定体积法有:C/3.10+ 0.6C + 2.20C /2.60+ 4.20C /2.50+10=1000所以, C= 287kg ; W= 172kg ; S= 631kg ; G 1205kg 。每立方米拌合物所需各材料用量为: C= 287kg ; W= 172kg ; S= 631kg ; G 1205kg 。 (6分)解:按试验室配合比, 1m3混凝土中各种材料得用量为:C= 300Kg ; W 300 × 0.56 168Kg ; S 300 × 1.92 576Kg ; G 300 × 3.97 1191Kg ;所以,施工配合比为:C= 300Kg ; W 168-576 × 5 -1191 × 1 127Kg ;S 576 ×(1 5 ) 605Kg ; G 1191 × (1+1 ) 1203Kg ;施工配合比为: C= 300Kg ; W 127Kg ; S 605Kg ; G 1203Kg 。 (7分) 土木工程材料模拟试题一 1 名词解释 (每题2分,共14分)2 表观密度3 抗渗性4 初凝时间5 混凝土拌合物和易性6 混凝土的强度等级7 Q235AZ8 石油沥青的粘滞性9 判断题 (对的划,不对的划×, 每题1分,共16分)10 材料的密度一定高于其表观密度。11 材料的抗冻性与材料的孔隙率有关,与孔隙中的水饱和程度无关。12 在进行材料抗压强度试验时,大试件较小试件的试验结果值偏大。13 流动性大的混凝土比流动性小的混凝土强度高。14 抗渗性要求高的混凝土工程不能选用普通硅酸盐水泥。15 在混凝土中掺入适量减水剂,不减少用水量,则可改善混凝土拌合物和易性,显著提高混凝土的强度,并可节约水泥的用量。16 普通混凝土的强度与水灰比成线性关系。17 建筑钢材的比强度高于混凝土。18 Q235是最常用的建筑钢材牌号。19 建筑钢材根据屈服点和抗拉强度确定牌号。20 SBS改性沥青卷材不适合高温地区建筑防水。21 钢材的屈强比越小,表示结构使用越安全。22 砂浆的保水性用沉入度表示,沉入度愈小表示保水性愈好。23 水性涂料以水为介质,所以不能防水。24 水玻璃硬化后耐水性好,因此可以涂刷在石膏制品的表面,以提高石膏制品的耐久性。25 沥青混合料中掺矿粉是为了提高混合料的密实度。26 填空题( 每题1分,共20分)27 材料耐水性的强弱可以用 _表示。材料耐水性愈好,该值愈_。28 石灰熟化时释放出大量_,体积发生显著_,石灰硬化时放出大量_,体积产生明显_。29 国家标准规定,硅酸盐水泥的初凝时间应不早于_,终凝时间应不迟于_。30 混凝土配合比设计的三个重要参数是:_,_和 _。31 砂浆的和易性包括_和_,分别用指标_和_表示。32 结构设计时,软钢是以_强度、硬钢是以_强度,作为设计计算取值的依据。33 石油沥青随着牌号降低,其粘性_;塑性_;温度感应性_。34 问答题(共30分)35 Define the following items and their indexes: water resistance, anti-permeability, anti-freezing.(6分)36 How does W/C affect concrete workability?(9分)37 How is concrete mobility described? How is concrete selected in construction according to its different mobility?(10分)38 What are the petrol asphalt technical properties and their indexes respectively?(5分)39 计算题(共20分)40 已知某岩石的密度为2.65g/cm3,干表观密度为2.56 g/cm3,吸水率为1.5,试计算该岩石中开口孔隙与闭口孔隙所占的比例。 (5分)41 已知某混凝土的试验室配合比为CSG11.923.97,W/C0.56,配制1m3 混凝土水泥用量为300Kg。施工现场砂、石的含水率分别为5%和1%,求施工配合比。 (7分)42 某混凝土配合比为12.434.71,W/C0.62,设混凝土表观密度为2400kg/m3计,求各材料用量。 (8分)标准答案43 名词解释 (每题2分,共14分) 43 表观密度是指材料在自然状态下,单位体积的质量。43 抗渗性是指材料抵抗压力水渗透的能力。43 初凝时间是指水泥加水拌合起至标准稠度静浆开始失去可塑性的所需的时间。43 混凝土拌合物和易性是指混凝土拌和物易于施工操作并能获致质量均匀、成型密实的性质。43 混凝土的强度等级是指按混凝土立方体抗压强度来划分的强度等级。43 Q235AZ是指碳素结构钢的屈服点大于等于235MPa,质量等级为 A,脱氧程度为镇静钢。43 石油沥青的粘滞性是反应沥青材料内部其相对流动的一种特性,以绝对粘度表示,是沥青的重要指标之一。44 判断题 (对的划,不对的划×, 每题1分,共16分) 1. × 2. × 3. × 4. × 5. × 6. × 7. × 8. 9. 10. × 11. × 12. 13. × 14. × 15.× 16. 45 填空题( 每题1分,共20分) 45 软化系数,大45 热量,膨胀,游离水,收缩45 45min, 390min45 W/C 、砂率、单位用水量45 流动性、保水性,沉入度、分层度45 屈服、0245 增大,差,小46 问答题(共30分) (1)Water resistance refers to the performance that the material shows in resisting the water destruction. It is remarked with softening index.(2分)(2)Anti-permeability is defined as the ability resisting water permeation by pressure. It is expressed by permeability index and permeability gradation.(2分)(3)Anti-freezing refers to the ability that the saturated materials still keep its strength and integrality after repeated thawing and freezing circles. It is expressed by anti-freezing gradation. (2分)(1)When mixed with fixed amount of cement, there will be small W/C and dry concrete with small slump, so it is hard to form dense shapes. If W/C is lower, the concrete is easy to be broken and has poor performance in viscidity so that the hardened concrete strength and durability will reduce. If W/C is higher, the concrete not only has thin concentration and larger slump but it is easy to segregate, laminate and bleed as well, therefore the hardened concrete strength and durability will reduce. With proper W/C the concrete can be formed into dense and uniform shapes. (4分)(2)Concrete strength depends on W/C on the condition of the same cement type and strength degree. Within the certain range of W/C (the concrete can be formed into dense shapes.), the lower W/C, the higher the compressive strength becomes. As W/C becomes lower (the concrete can not be formed into dense shapes.), the porosity will become larger and the strength will reduce. As W/C becomes higher, the strength will reduce. (5分)(1)Concrete mixture mobility sets slump and Vebe Consistometer as its index. Sl