工业设计外文文献翻译及原文.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流··· 工业设计外文文献翻译及原文.精品文档.· The impact of “3r” principles to industrial design “3r”原则对工业设计的影响Abstract：While industrial design creates modem life and living surroundings for people，it also accelerates the exhaustion of the natural resources and the energy resourcesBesides，it has done harm to the ecological balance，and threatened the existence and the sustainable development of human beingsConfront with this situation，the strategy of sustainable development，proposed in 1990s，is accepted by many peopleRecycling economy and its key point，“3r” principle，were born for this situation and become important principle in all kinds of economic activities and in the area of design and manufactureBy decoding the connotation of “3r” principle，the article analyzes the influence and the guidance over industrial design of “3r” principleFurthermore，the article tries to discuss the conception of redesign，which is the extension of the “3r” principle in the area of industrial design，and explicates 4R principle of industrial design for recycling economy at last摘要：虽然工业设计创造了现代的生活并为人们提供了适合的生活环境，但也加快了对自然资源和能源资源的消耗。这种状况它已经损害了生态平衡、并且危险到了人类的生存与发展。面对这种情况，在20世纪90年代提出了实施可持续发展战略，并得到了许多人的认可和赞同。这时发展可持续发展循环经济是解决问题的重点，在这样的情况下“3r”原则诞生了，成为在各种各样的经济活动和在该地区的设计和制造的重要遵循原则。通过解释“3r”原则的基本内涵，本文分析“3r”对工业设计的影响和指导意义。此外， 本文试图通过讨论“3r”的概念，而达到去探讨重新设计的概念，这是扩展在该地区工业设计中的“3r”原则，阐述了工业设计的各位朋友，在对探索确认最后的循环经济工业设计的“4R”原则作出的努力。Key words：3 R principle；industrial design；recycling economy；redesign关键词：“3r”原则 ； 工业设计 ； 循环经济 ；重新设计 1 Introduction1介绍 Industrial design as a cross-cutting technology and the arts disciplines， it is closely related to the economy and to maintain its development and progress of society. It can be summarized： First， it services for industrial mass production， making industrial products enhance the value and value-added. Second， It leads the fashion， to effectively stimulate consumption， so that consumers not only use the product at the same time， but also enjoy the new technology and material； Third， it puts technology to link up with the market， making products enhance competitiveness； Last but not the least， it can bring the innovation into the enterprise. Therefore， the economic development needs industrial design which has become indispensable to the country's economic construction .工业设计作为一个贯穿各个领域的技术与艺术密切相关的学科，它是维持经济和社会发展与进步的重要动力。它可以简要地概括为：第一，它服务于工业大规模批量化生产，提高工业产品的价值和附加值。第二，引领时尚，有效地刺激消费，这样消费者经常在使用该产品的同时，能够体验新技术和新材料。第三，提出了技术与市场联系起来，使产品提高市场竞争力。最后一点，它能够带来创新企业。因此，经济发展需要的工业设计已成为国家不可缺少的经济建设。 However， along with the traditional industrial design creating high-quality modern lifestyle and living environment and promoting economic development ，it also speeds up the consumption of resources and energy. Whats more ，it dose harm to the ecological balance of the Earth and brings about a serious of great damage to human survival and sustainable development. Especially the excessive commercialization of industrial design， utilitarian and excessive pursuit of profit， the implementation of "merchandise has plans to abolish the system" without taking into account production， use， process waste， such as the environment， the impact of resources. It can be said that people are in inappropriate and excessive consumption patterns of life， the industrial design objectively becomes essential medium to encourage people to uncontrolled consume， which is countered to the essence of industrial designcreating a science and healthy way of life.然而，随着传统的工业设计，创造出高品质的现代生活方式和居住环境，并促进经济发展的同时，也在加快着资源和能源的消耗。更重要的是，它的方法已经危害到地球的生态平衡，并带来严重威胁到了人类生存和可持续发展的后果。尤其是工业设计的过度商业化、功利性和过度的追求利润，实施有计划的“商品废除系统”没有考虑到生产和使用过程中的浪费，如对环境，影响的资源。可以这样说，人们在不对的过度消费模式的生活中，工业设计在客观上成为了必不可少的介质，鼓励人们正确的消费原则是工业设计的精髓，创造出了一个关于健康生活方式的科学。是对无节制消费的反击。 Facing the threat of human survival and sustainable development， in the 20th century， people began to question the sustainable development of humanity ，to carry out a profound reflection on sustainable development and to put forward a suitable model of circular economy ， the principle of circular economy is “3r” (ie Reduce， Reuse， Recycle) which is of great significance to the implementation and promotion of socio-economic stability， sustainable development Against this background， the concept of sustainable development into rapid economic development is inextricably linked to the design， based on this ongoing exploration and practice. “3r” principles intended to sort out this article on various aspects of industrial design and the guiding role， and attempts to explore the “3r” principles of industrial design at the extension.面对处在威胁状态中的人类生存和可持续发展，在20世纪，人们开始质疑人类的可持续发展计划，并对可持续发展进行了深刻的反思，提出了循环经济的概念和循环经济的基本原理。发展循环经济的模型是“3R”(即减少、再使用、再循环)，这是具有重要的指导意义推动了社会经济的稳定发展，在此背景下的可持续发展原则，发展成为可持续的概念性经济的快速发展设计，就是在此基础上进行的探索和实践。”3r”原则要整理一篇关于对工业设计各个方面的指导作用，并试图探讨”3r”原则在工业设计道路上的延伸。2 Cycle economic model and the principle of “3r”2循环经济模式和”3r”原则Economy is engaged in production， consumption and reproduction activities， which is to meet human material needs of their own material .Recycling economy is considered following the original economy， the agricultural economy， industrial economy after the time of the post-industrial economy， with the industrial economy is  different between the resources and environment relationship.Following the economic cycle refers to the natural ecosystem of the material circulation and energy flow reconstruction of the economic system so that it harmoniously into the natural ecosystems of the material energy recycling process to product clean production， resource recycling and efficient recycling characterized eco-economic development patterns， also known as eco-economy， green economy.经济是从事生产、消费和生殖的活动，是满足人类的物质需要自己的资料。循环经济考虑过跟踪原经济、农业经济发展，工业经济工业时间后的经济，在工业经济差异资源与环境的关系。随着全球经济周期是指自然生态系统的物质循环和能量流动的经济重建系统以便它的自然生态系统的和谐的物质能量回收过程清洁生产，产品具有高效回收资源循环经济发展模式，也称为生态经济，绿色经济。2.1 The relationship between economic model， environment and the resources2.1经济模式之间的关系，环境和资源 Human survival and economic activities rely on the resources and the environment.On one hand ，it is the source of the human beings material system； on the other hand， it bears the economic activities of human waste generated by the various roles. The Earth can provide resources but are limited， even though it must have the ability to purify， however it is subject to human economic activity the ability of emissions is also limited.人类的生存和经济活动依赖的资源和环境。一方面，它是源泉的人类资料系统：另一方面，它有经济活动所产生的人类废弃物的各种角色。地球能提供资源是有限的，即使它必须有能力净化、然而在人类经济活动主体的能力限制温室气体排放。 Industrial economic development patterns are from "One Product One resource pollution" posed by one-way flow of material and an open economy， this openness has led to a global depletion of resources and waste， as well as the serious deterioration of the ecological environment. 工业经济发展模式是一种资源产品从“单向型流量造成污染的材料和开放经济，该开放导致了全球消耗资源和浪费，以及生态环境严重恶化。 Circular economy development pattern is from "one of resources of renewable resources， one of green products" posed by the material energy of the closed-loop feedback loop process， this closed loop system， can maintain economic production of low， high-quality， low-waste， which will be economic activity of natural resources and environmental impacts to minimize damage.循环经济发展模式是从“可再生资源，资源的绿色的产品”所构成的物质能量的闭环反馈回路的过程，在这个闭环系统，能保持经济生产的低、优质、低消耗，将经济活动的自然资源和环境的影响来减少损伤。2.2 Interpretation of the circular economy mode “3r” principle22解释”3r”原则循环经济模式 ”3r” principle is the basic manifestation of the economic cycle， and its specific contents are as follows：“3r”原则是基本的体现经济周期，具体内容如下： "Reduction" principle is the first principle of circular economy， that is the source of control method， which requires the source of economic activity - the design stage， pay attention to the use of resources-saving and pollution reduction requirements with fewer resources to achieve the established purpose of the production or consumption In the production areas， usually the energy-saving production processes， materials and conservation of resources， the products of small size and lightweight， and easy and simple packaging requirements in order to achieve the purpose of reducing waste emissions； In the consumer area， reduction of the supremacy of the principle of a change in consumer lifestyles and advocate moderate consumption and green consumption. "Reuse" principle is the second principle of circular economy， that is， process control methods， with the aim to improve the products and resources use efficiency， it calls for product design to initial the form of packaging for multiple items to prevent premature become waste. In the design， to the use of standard-sized parts， repair and upgrade in order to replace， thus prolonging the service life of products； In the consumer area， to promote the purchase of durable consumer goods， to reduce the use of disposable products， such as after-sales service by strengthening the means to extend the product life as possible and not waste.“减少”原则是第一的原则，发展循环经济，那是源泉的控制方式，使要求来源的经济活动-设计阶段，注重资源节约型的使用要求和减少污染的用更少的资源，完成所建立的目的的生产、消费的生产区域，通常是节能的生产工艺、材料和节约资源，产品体积小、重量轻、操作简单，方便包装要求以达到减少制造废物排放的目的；在消费者面积、还原至上的原则，改变生活方式和主适度消费的消费者和绿色消费。“再利用原则”是循环经济的第二个原则，即的过程控制方式，目的是提高产品和资源利用效率的，它要求在初始产品设计的形式对多个项目包装避免早熟变为荒凉。在设计时，使用标准尺寸的部分，修理和升级为了取代，从而延长使用寿命产品；而在消费区，促进购买耐用消费品，减少使用一次性产品，如售后服务通过强化手段延长产品寿命可能不浪费。 "Recycling" principle is the third principle of circular economy， that is， terminal control method of production and consumption in the process of waste generated， through the "resources" of the means of its re-processing of raw materials can be re-used or product， put it back on consumption. Resources of the so-called class of resources usually include the original and secondary resources. The original class of resources is the waste of resources after the formation of the same with the original products， sub-resource is the waste of resources into different types of after the new products. To promote waste recycling economy will be the source of the original and sub-class of combining resources in order to fully realize the recycling use of resources.“循环”的原则是循环经济的第三原则，即终端控制生产方法和消费所产生的废物过程中，通过“资源”的核燃料的回收的手段可以重复使用的原材料或产品，把它放回消费。资源所谓的一类资源通常包括原文和二次资源。原来的一类资源是资源浪费的形成后也用原有产品，子资源是资源浪费在各种新产品。促进经济的发展将废弃物回收的来源相结合的原件及子类要充分实现资源循环利用资源。3 The impact of the “3r” principle of to industrial design3 “3r”原则的影响为工业设计的 ”3r” principle is not only on products from the design， production， sales， use， disposal and so on throughout the life cycle have an impact on all aspect， but also on the industrial design itself， a more extensive and profound changes：“3r”原则不仅在产品从设计、生产、销售、使用、处置等整个生命周期的各个方面产生影响，而且还对工业设计本身，更广泛而深刻的变化：3.1 The impact of design concept3.1概念设计的影响 In modern industrial economy， the product design is often to serve the people， just from the people to meet needs and solve the problem as the starting point， and do not consider the follow-up products， use of resources and energy consumption and emissions on the environment and other ecological problems. “3r” principle in the design concept under the influence from the "people-oriented" towards the "harmony between man and nature" of green design， while respecting the needs of people， but also consider the safety of the ecosystem. Cycle economic model of the industrial design under the design concept， put people and nature live in harmony and common development in the first place， the use of systems theory and Calibration of all acts of industrial design， from product design at the beginning of the macro-environment had priority to consider and pay attention to the coordination of products that run the various elements of the process in order to achieve system optimization. Here， the environmental factors are the starting point of the whole design and end points， through the design， efforts to improve and reduce the products in the production， use， recycling process， such as the adverse impact of the environment. So Green Design Products are in the "harmony between man and nature" under the guidance of thought to the harmonious development of man and nature， the principle of human - machine system one considers the environment， a comprehensive optimization of the industrial design of a new concept.在现代工业经济，产品设计经常是为人民服务，就从人们满足需求和解决这个问题为出发点，并没有考虑到后续产品，利用资源和能源消耗和污染物排放减少对环境和其它生态问题。”3r”原则在设计理念的影响下对“以人为本”在“天人合一”的绿色设计的，尊重人们日益增长的需求，还要考虑生态系统的安全。循环经济模式下的工业设计的设计理念，把人与自然和谐共处，共同发展首先，使用和校准理论的系统所有行为的工业设计，从产品设计之初得到优先考虑宏观环境，注重产品的协调运行的各种要素的过程中为了达到系统优化。在这里，环境因素的出发点是全部的设计和终点，经过设计，努力地提高和降低产品的生产、使用、循环工艺，如造成不良影响环境。所以绿色设计的产品是在“天人合一”思想的指导下达到人与自然和谐发展的基本原理，机械系统的人你认为环境，一个综合优化的工业设计的新概念。3.2 The impact of design style3.2设计的影响，风格Simple is an aesthetic pursuit of extremists on the design of easy style， popular in the 20th century， in the United States age 80. If we say that in the industrial economic model， the simple style of product design aesthetic is a subjective pursuit of people， then in the recycling economy mode， the structure of the simplest and most parsimonious of the materials， the most beautiful modeling， the most pristine appearance simplicity of product design， sustainable development concept is a concrete manifestation. “3r” Products doctrine of the meaning of this simple style more in-depth， specific， practical significance.简单的是一种审美追求的极端分子很好搭配的设计，流行在20世纪，在美国80岁时。我们若说在工业的经济模式，简单的产品款式设计美学是主观的追求的人，然后又在循环经济模式，结构的最简单、最吝啬的材料，最美丽的建模、最原始外观简朴的产品设计、可持续发展理念是产品的具体体现。”3r”原则风格简约的意义，具体，更深入的现实意义。 First， the premise of ensuring the functionality as far as choice of materials can be recycled， such as biological materials， so less material on refined， appropriate； Second， to promote. Small is beautiful ". Less Is More"， the lightweight and pleasant form of products. Third， the design features of the object collation， evaluation， definition， must always focus on the merger， to simplify， optimize， and makes the core functions briefly products； Fourth， the product is intended to be simple and clear language； Fifth， the structure of simple， easy to create； Sixth， the choice of degradable material， the structure of easy solutions， such as withholding together.第一次的前提下，保证功能到材料的选择可以回收再用，如生物物质，因此更少的原材料高雅，宜；其次，提升。小是美丽的”。少即是多”，重量轻，愉快的形式的产品。第三，设计特点的物体的整理、评估、定义、必须总是关注合并、简化，优化，使核心职能简要产品；第四，本产品专简单易懂的语言；五、结构简单、容易产生；其六，选择不同的可降解材料、结构简单的解决方案，例如保留在一起。3.3 The impact of design method33 设计的影响的方法 The impact of the “3r” principle and under the guidance of the implementation of green design methods are： modular design， removable design， recyclable design， long-life design.“3r”原则的影响的指导下，绿色设计的实施方法有：模块化设计的，可移动的设计，可回收的设计、长寿命设计。 Modular design is at a certain range of different functions or different functions the same performance， different specifications of the products on the basis of functional analysis， and design into a series of functional modules， through the selection and combination of modules can constitute different products to designed to meet the different needs of the Ways. The benefits of modular design： First， make products with good performance Recycling demolition， set