思科3560交换机中文配置手册.doc
【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流思科3560交换机中文配置手册.精品文档.3560客户中文配置手册第1章 概述··············································································1-11.1 概述·················································································1-11.2 初次访问设备·········································································1-11.2.1 通过Console口访问设备······························································1-2第2章 命令行方式访问设备································································2-12.1.1 命令行模式·········································································2-12.1.2 基本设置命令·······································································2-12.2 通过Console口进入命令行接口··························································2-22.3 通过Telnet进入命令行接口·····························································2-2第3章 接口配置··········································································3-13.1 概述·················································································3-13.2 二层口配置···········································································3-13.2.1 配置端口速率及双工模式·····························································3-13.3 配置一组端口·········································································3-23.4 配置三层口···········································································3-33.5 监控及维护端口·······································································3-53.5.1 监控端口和控制器的状态·····························································3-53.5.2 刷新、重置端口及计数器······························································3-73.5.3 关闭和打开端口·····································································3-83.6 交换机端口镜像配置···································································3-93.6.1 创建一个本地SPAN会话·····························································3-103.7 以太通道端口组（Ethernet Port Groups）··················································3-11第4章 配置VLAN·······································································4-124.1 简介················································································4-124.2 可支持的VLAN·······································································4-124.3 配置正常范围的VLAN·································································4-124.3.1 删除VLAN·········································································4-144.3.2 将端口分配给一个VLAN·····························································4-154.4 配置VLAN Trunks····································································4-164.5 配置VTP DOMAIN····································································4-184.6 配置VLAN接口地址··································································4-18第5章 交换机HSRP配置··································································5-1第6章 路由协议配置······································································6-36.1.1 静态路由···········································································6-36.1.2 RIP路由············································································6-36.1.3 OSPF路由··········································································6-5第1章 概 述1.1 概述3560交换机是支持二层、三层功能的交换机，共分为EMI,SMI两个版本Enhanced Multilayer Software Image增强多层软件镜像软件 (EMI) EMI提供了一组更加丰富的企业级功能，包括基于硬件的高级IP单播和多播路由。 支持双机热备(HSRP),OSPF路由功能.Standard Multilayer Software Image标准多层软件镜像软件(SMI) SMI功能集包括高级QoS、速率限制、访问控制列表（ACL），以及基本的静态和路由信息协议（RIP）路由功能支持VLAN· 到1005 个VLAN· 支持VLAN ID从1到4094（ IEEE 802.1Q 标准）· 支持ISL及IEEE 802.1Q封装安全· 支持IOS标准的密码保护· 静态MAC地址映射· 标准及扩展的访问列表支持，对于路由端口支持入出双向的访问列表，对于二层端口支持入的访问列表· 支持基于VLAN的访问列表3层支持（需要多层交换的IOS）· HSRP· IP路由协议o RIPversions 1 and 2o OSPFo IGRP及EIGRPo BGPVersion 4 支持以下SFP模块:· 1000BASE-T SFP: 铜线最长100 m· 1000BASE-SX SFP: 光纤最长1804 feet (550 m)· 1000BASE-LX/LH SFP: 光纤最长32,808 feet (6 miles or 10 km)· 1000BASE-ZX SFP: 光纤最长328,084 feet (62 miles or 100 km)管理从用户与设备交互的特点来分，访问设备的方式可以分为命令行方式和Web方式。l 命令行方式：包括从Console口登录进行访问和通过Telnet登录进行访问；l Web方式：包括通过HTTP进行的普通Web访问。1.2 初次访问设备1.2.1 通过Console口访问设备用户接收到除去包装的新设备后一般通过Console口第一次登录设备并开始对设备进行配置，过程如下：第一步：建立本地配置环境，只需将计算机（或终端）的串口通过标准RS-232电缆与此Catalyst 3560设备的Console口连接第二步：在计算机上运行终端仿真程序（如WinXP的超级终端等），设置终端通信参数为9600bps、8位数据位、1位停止位、无奇偶校验和无流量控制，如图1-1至图1-3所示。图1-1 新建连接图1-2 连接端口设置图1-3 端口通信参数设置第四步：Catalyst 3560设备上电自检，出现命令行提示符,如：Switch>。此时用户已经进入到设备命令行配置接口的用户模式，从这里开始就可以参考本手册其余章节对设备进行配置。第2章 命令行方式访问设备如果用户通过Console口登录，或者通过Telne从设备管理口登录都将进入到设备的命令行接口，对系统的配置和交互都通过命令行的方式进行。2.1.1 命令行模式命令行接口提供的命令行视图和各视图的功能特性、进入各视图的命令等的细则如表2-1所示。表2-1 命令视图功能特性列表模式 功能 提示符 进入命令 退出命令非特权模式 查看CISCO 设备的简单运行状态 Switch> 开机时自动进入 特权模式 配置系统参数，升级IOS软件，备份配置文件 Switch# 在非特权模式下键入ENABLE quit返回非特权模式全局模式 CISCO交换机大部分配置都是在这个模式下进行 Switch(config)# 在特权模式下键入configure terminal quit返回特权模式监控模式 升级IOS系统软件 Switch： 开机时摁住面板上的MODE键约5秒钟 2.1.2 基本设置命令 基本设置命令 任务 命令 全局设置 config terminal 设置访问用户及密码 Username username password password 设置特权密码 enable secret password 设置路由器名 Hostname name 设置静态路由 ip route destination subnet-mask next-hop 启动IP路由 ip routing 启动IPX路由 ipx routing 端口设置 interface type slot/number 设置IP地址 ip address address subnet-mask 设置IPX网络 ipx network network 激活端口 no shutdown 物理线路设置 line type number 启动登录进程 login local|tacacs server 设置登录密码 Password password 显示命令任务 命令 查看版本及引导信息 show version 查看运行设置 show running-config 查看开机设置 show startup-config 显示端口信息 show interface type slot/number 显示路由信息 show ip route 2.2 通过Console口进入命令行接口详细内容请参见“1.2.1 通过Console口访问设备”。2.3 通过Telnet进入命令行接口Telnet协议在TCP/IP协议族中属于应用层协议，通过网络提供远程登录和虚拟终端功能。CATALYST 3560向用户提供Telnet服务，第一步：在计算机上运行Telnet程序，键入CATALYST 3560设备管理IP地址Switch>enableSwitch#conf tSwitch(config)# interface vlan 1Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.20 255.255.255.0Switch(config-if)#no shutdownSwitch(config-if)#exitSwitch(config)#line vty 0 4Switch(configline)#loginSwitch(configline)#password cisco如图2-1所示。图2-1 与CATALYST 3560建立Telnet连接& 说明：图2-1中的IP地址为CATALYST 3560设备IP地址，即vlan1的接口地址第3章 接口配置3.1 概述Catalyst 3560支持的以太网接口说明请见下表。表3-1 Catalyst 3560接口说明项目 说明接口类型 FE电接口：符合100Base-TX物理层规范 GE电接口：1000Base-TX物理层规范工作速率 FE电 接口可以选择10Mbit/s、100Mbit/s两种速率 GE电接口可以选择10Mbit/s、100Mbit/s、1000Mbit/s三种速率工作模式 自动协商模式3.2 二层口配置3560的所有端口缺省的端口都是二层口，如果此端口已经配置成三层端口的话，则需要用switchport来使其成为二层端口。3.2.1 配置端口速率及双工模式1. 可以配置快速以太口的速率为10/100Mbps及千兆以太口的速率为10/100/1000-Mbps; 但对于SFP端口则不能配置速率及双工模式，有时可以配置nonegotiate,当需要联接不支持自适应的其它千兆端口时表3-2 管理口配置 命令 目的 Step 1 configure terminal 进入配置状态.Step 2 interface interface-id 进入端口配置状态.Step 3 speed 10 | 100 | 1000 | auto | nonegotiate 设置端口速率 注 1000 只工作在千兆口. GBIC模块只工作在1000 Mbps下. nonegotiate 只能在这些GBIC上用 1000BASE-SX, -LX, and -ZX GBIC.Step 4 duplex auto | full | half 设置全双工或半双工. Step 5 end 退出Step 6 show interfaces interface-id 显示有关配置情况Step 7 copy running-config startup-config 保存Switch# configure terminalSwitch(config)# interface fastethernet0/3Switch(config-if)# speed 10Switch(config-if)# duplex half3.3 配置一组端口 命令 目的 Step 1 configure terminal 进入配置状态Step 2 interface range port-range 进入组配置状态Step 3 可以使用平时的端口配置命令进行配置Step 4 end 退回Step 5 show interfaces interface-id 验证配置Step 6 copy running-config startup-config 保存见以下例子:Switch# configure terminalSwitch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 5 Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown Switch(config-if-range)#*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/05, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up以下的例子显示使用句号来配置不同类型端口的组:Switch# configure terminalSwitch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 3, gigabitethernet0/1 - 2 Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown Switch(config-if-range)#*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/ 1, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ 2, changed state to up*Oct 6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ 3, changed state to up3.4 配置三层口Catalyst 3560支持三种类型的三层端口:· SVIs: 即interface vlan Note 当生成一个interface Vlan时，只有当把某一物理端口分配给它时才能被激活 · 三层以太网通道口（EtherChannel）: ：以太通道由被路由端口组成。以太通道端口接口在“配置以太通道”中被描述。· .路由口：路由口是指某一物理端口在端口配置状态下用no switchport命令生成的端口 所有的三层都需要IP地址以实现路由交换配置步骤如下： 命令 目的Step 1 configure terminal 进入配置状态Step 2 interface fastethernet | gigabitethernet interface-id | vlan vlan-id | port-channel port-channel-number 进入端口配置状态Step 3 no switchport 把物理端口变成三层口Step 4 ip address ip_address subnet_mask 配置IP地址和掩码Step 5 no shutdown 激活端口Step 6 End 退出Step 7 show interfaces interface-idshow ip interface interface-idshow running-config interface interface-id 验证配置Step 8 copy running-config startup-config 保存配置配置举例如下：Switch# configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2Switch(config-if)# no switchportSwitch(config-if)# ip address 192.20.135.21 255.255.255.0Switch(config-if)# no shutdownSwitch(config-if)# end 3.5 监控及维护端口3.5.1 监控端口和控制器的状态主要命令见下表：Show Commands for Interfaces Command 目的 show interfaces interface-id 显示所有端口或某一端口的状态和配置.show interfaces interface-id status err-disabled 显示一系列端口的状态或错误关闭的状态show interfaces interface-id switchport 显示二层端口的状态，可以用来决定此口是否为二层或三层口。show interfaces interface-id description 显示端口描述show ip interface interface-id 显示所有或某一端口的IP可用性状态show running-config interface interface-id 显示当前配置中的端口配置情况show version 显示软硬件等情况举例如下:Switch# show interfaces statusPort Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed TypeGi0/1 connected routed a-full a-100 10/100/1000BaseTXGi0/2 wce server 20.20.2 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/3 ip wccp web-cache notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/4 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/5 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/6 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/7 disabled routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/8 disabled routed auto 100 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/9 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/10 notconnect routed auto auto 10/100/1000Base TXGi0/11 disabled routed auto auto unknownGi0/12 notconnect routed auto auto unknownSwitch# show interfaces fastethernet 0/1 switchportName: Fa0/1Switchport: EnabledAdministrative Mode: static accessOperational Mode: downAdministrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1qNegotiation of Trunking: OffAccess Mode VLAN: 1 (default)Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALLPruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001Protected: falseUnknown unicast blocked: disabledUnknown multicast blocked: disabledVoice VLAN: dot1p (Inactive)Appliance trust: 5Switch# show running-config interface fastethernet0/2Building configuration.Current configuration : 131 bytesinterface FastEthernet0/2switchport mode accessswitchport protectedno ip addressmls qos cos 7mls qos cos overrideend3.5.2 刷新、重置端口及计数器Clear命令 目的 clear counters interface-id 清除端口计数器.clear interface interface-id 重置某一端口的硬件逻辑clear line number | console 0 | vty number 重置异步串口的硬件逻辑 Note clear counters 命令只清除用show interface所显示的计数，不影响用snmp得到的计数 举例如下：Switch# clear counters fastethernet0/5 Clear "show interface" counters on this interface confirm y Switch#*Sep 30 08:42:55: %CLEAR-5-COUNTERS: Clear counter on interface FastEthernet0/5by vty1 (171.69.115.10)可使用clear interface 或 clear line 命令来清除或重置某一端口或串口，在大部分情况下并不需要这样做:Switch# clear interface fastethernet0/5 3.5.3 关闭和打开端口 命令 目的 Step 1 configure terminal 进入配置状态Step 2 interface vlan vlan-id | fastethernet | gigabitethernet interface-id | port-channel port-channel-number 选择要关闭的端口Step 3 Shutdown 关闭Step 4 End 退出Step 5 show running-config 验证使用 no shutdown 命令重新打开端口.举例如下:Switch# configure terminalSwitch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5 Switch(config-if)# shutdown Switch(config-if)#*Sep 30 08:33:47: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to a administratively downSwitch# configure terminalSwitch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5 Switch(config-if)# no shutdown Switch(config-if)#*Sep 30 08:36:00: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to up3.6 交换机端口镜像配置端口镜像的数据流程基于端口的镜像是把被镜像端口的进出数据报文完全拷贝一份到镜像端口，这样来进行流量观测或者故障定位。Figure 27-1 Example of Local SPAN Configuration on
