棉籽副产品论文：棉籽饼脱毒及棉籽油生物柴油制备技术研究.doc

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流棉籽副产品论文：棉籽饼脱毒及棉籽油生物柴油制备技术研究.精品文档.棉籽副产品论文：棉籽饼脱毒及棉籽油生物柴油制备技术研究【中文摘要】我国棉花在国民经济和世界棉花生产中占有举足轻重的地位。棉籽是棉花生产中的主要副产品,开发利用棉籽对于我国棉花稳定生产和副产品综合利用具有重要意义。对棉籽饼、棉籽油进行研究,以期提高棉籽的利用效率和经济效益,为其它植物油制备生物柴油提供指导。本研究以棉籽饼、棉籽油为原料,采用微生物发酵法对棉子饼进行脱毒处理,筛选了适宜的微生物菌株,并对发酵培养条件进行了优化,比较分析了微生物法、化学法和物理法脱毒的差异性,确定了脱毒处理方式和参数。利用单因素试验和正交试验分析优化了碱催化酯化法棉籽油生物柴油制备的工艺参数,并对棉籽油所制备生物柴油的产品质量进行了初步评估。研究结论如下:(1)从5份酵母菌中筛选出降解棉酚能力最好的酵母菌Y3,以棉籽饼粉为发酵底物,研究发酵温度、料水比和发酵时间等对Y3棉酚降解能力的影响,比较分析了微生物法、化学法、高压灭菌物理法脱毒的效果。研究结果表明Y3为好气菌,发酵底物不需灭菌,Y3最适培养条件是:温度25、料水比1:0.8,一级发酵36h脱毒率最高84.2%,棉酚含量降至131mg/kg;温度25、料水比1:0.8条件下,二级发酵2.5%接种量,48h脱毒率最高,可达93.3%,棉酚含量可降至56mg/kg。Y3发酵后棉籽饼粕蛋白质可增加4.6%,发酵底物有曲香味,增加饲料的适口性。高压灭菌后棉酚降低到200mg/kg以下,有蛋白质损失。用1%FeSO4、2%NaOH、2.5%CaO化学试剂法降解棉酚,以1% FeSO4、3:1处理脱毒效果最好,既不损失棉籽蛋白,又使棉酚降至167mg/kg。在实际条件较简陋的情况下,可以考虑使用以2.5%CaO与棉籽饼粕1:1混合处理脱酚的方法,棉酚降解至198mg/kg。(2)碱催化酯化法制备棉籽油生物柴油,棉籽油与甲醇碱催化酯化,经单因素试验和正交试验,以产品得率为依据,确定酯化反应的条件为KOH为催化剂,水洗温度40,干燥剂为无水硫酸钠,用量为被干燥混合物质量的20%。试验因素对酯化反应的影响主次顺序为反应温度、醇油物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间。最佳反应条件为醇油物质的量比为7:1,催化剂用量为1%,反应温度为45,反应时间为60min。试验制备的生物柴油样品完全符合0号柴油的国家标准(GB2522000)要求。在检测的指标中氧化安定性指标和10%残炭未能达到GB/T 208282007柴油机燃料调和用生物柴油(BD100)的要求,其余均满足该标准的要求。【英文摘要】Cotton plays an important role in our national economy and the cotton production in the world. Cottonseed is the main by-product of cotton. It is significant to exploit the cottonseed for the stable production and comprehensive utilization of cotton in our country. Therefore, it is meaningful for us to research on the cottonseed meal and cottonseed oil with the purpose of raising utilizing efficiency and economic benefit of cottonseed. Results can be used to guide producing of biodiesel for the other plant oil.Cottonseed meal and cottonseed oil was selected as raw material in this paper. The cottonseed meals were treated by microorganism fermentation. The appropriate strain, optimum fermentation conditions and the comparison of microbial, chemical and physical detoxification techniques were researched in this study. The method and parameters of detoxification were obtained. The process parameters about the biodiesel prepared from cottonseed oil by esterification which is catalyzed by alkali were optimized through single factor test and orthogonal test. In addition the product quality of biodiesel prepared from cottonseed oil was evaluated. The results and conclusions are as follows:The yeast Y3 could reduce the gossypol most effectively among the five yeast strains. Influencing factors of gossypol detoxification such as the ratio of material and water, fermentation temperature and time was studied when using cottonseed meal as fermentation substrate. The effects of microbial , chemical and physical techniques on gossypol detoxification were compared in this study. The optimum fermentation conditions were obtained: incubation temperature 25, ratio of material to water 1:0.8, incubation period of 36 h. The yield and gossypol content was 84.2% and 131mg/kg, respectively. In addition, after two grade fermentation, the yield and gossypol content could reach 93.3% and 56mg/kg, respectively, with inoculum concentration 2.5% and incubation time 48 h. The protein content of cottonseed meal increased 4.6%. Fermentation substrate had the balm of yeast which could improve palatability of feed. Degrading gossypol by chemical reagents of 1%FeSO4、2%NaOH and 2.5%CaO,inoculum concentration 2.5% and ratio of material to water 3:1 showed the highest effective in detoxification. Cottonseed meal mixed with 2.5%CaO at 1:1 was recommended at rough conditions, by this way, gossypol could be decreased to 198mg/kg. Refined cottonseed oil reacted with methanol catalyzed by KOH. One factor and orthogonal design were carried out considering the percentage of biodiesel to material oil. It indicated that the four factors on the influence of the transesterification reaction in turn were reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil, usage amount of KOH catalyst and reaction period. The optimum conditions obtained were reaction temperature at 45, molar ratio of methanol to oil 7:1, amount of catalyst KOH 1.0 % and reaction period 60min. The oil obtained by centrifugal separation and the oil in the bottom deposition layer was tested. There was little different between the oil from the upper layer and the bottom except the residual solvents content. The residual solvents content of the bottom oil was about three times of the upper. In order to improve the economic profit of the bottom deposition layer oil, it could be used as material to prepare biodiesel. Biosiesel sample was tested. The qualities met the requirements of 0# diesel(GB252-2000). The qualities met the requirements of BD100(GB/T 20828-2007) except the 10% carbon residue and oxidation stability.【关键词】棉籽副产品 加工与利用 棉酚降解 生物柴油【英文关键词】by-product of cottonseed processing and utilization gossypol degradation biodiesel【目录】棉籽饼脱毒及棉籽油生物柴油制备技术研究摘要4-5ABSTRACT5-6第一章 文献综述9-221.1 我国棉花及副产品生产利用概况9-121.2 棉酚研究现状12-151.2.1 棉酚的性质12-131.2.2 棉酚的毒害作用131.2.3 消除棉酚不良影响的途径13-151.3 棉籽油生产生物柴油的可行性15-201.3.1 棉籽油为生物柴油原料的优势161.3.2 生物柴油原料问题16-171.3.3 生物柴油国内外发展现状17-181.3.4 生柴制备的方法及优缺点18-201.4 本研究的目的和意义201.5 本研究的技术路线和主要内容20-221.5.1 微生物法降解棉酚研究20-211.5.2 棉籽油生物柴油的制备研究21-22第二章 棉籽饼粕中棉酚降解的研究22-342.1 材料和方法22-272.1.1 试验材料22-232.1.2 试验仪器和试剂23-242.1.3 试验方法24-272.2 结果与分析27-312.2.1 酵母菌Y3 菌株脱毒与高压灭菌脱毒的比较272.2.2 菌株在含有不同浓度棉酚的去碳查氏培养基上生长情况27-282.2.3 发酵温度和底物含水量的确定28-292.2.4 发酵时间的选择29-302.2.5 二级发酵接种量和发酵时间的确定302.2.6 微生物发酵对棉籽饼粉营养成分的影响30-312.2.7 化学法脱毒效果分析312.3 讨论31-322.3.1 Y3菌脱毒参数31-322.3.2 棉酚降解技术与应用322.4 小结32-34第三章 棉籽油生物柴油制备工艺研究34-473.1 材料与方法34-383.1.1 棉籽油34-353.1.2 主要仪器设备353.1.3 化学试剂35-363.1.4 样品分析与检测36-373.1.5 试验方法37-383.2 结果与分析38-443.2.1 催化剂 KOH 与 NaOH 的比较38-393.2.2 水洗过程中水温的确定393.2.3 干燥剂选择和用量确定393.2.4 棉籽油碱催化酯交换反应条件优化试验39-403.2.5 产品质量分析40-423.2.6 沉积层棉籽油油脚的利用42-443.3 讨论44-453.3.1 酯化反应产品得率为优化指标的依据443.3.2 酯化反应参数确定443.3.3 产品品质分析问题44-453.3.4 棉籽油沉积层的利用及溶剂残留问题453.4 小结45-47第四章 结论与展望47-504.1 结论47-484.1.1 棉酚的降解474.1.2 棉籽油生产生物柴油47-484.2 展望48-504.2.1 棉籽饼粕棉酚降解研究484.2.2 棉籽油制备生物柴油研究48-50参考文献50-56致谢56-57作者简介57