考研必读英语精巧时文.docx
考研必读英语精巧时文考研必读英语精巧时文焯杰020.今年奢侈品消费呈强劲回升态势,美国和亚洲是这背后的主要推动气力。但估计奢侈品销售将在2020年放缓。Globalluxurysaleswillgrowby10percentthisyearto168bn($235bn),accordingtoforecastsbyBainCo,arateofgrowthmuchstrongerthanthe4percenttheconsultancypredictedinAprilandcomparablewith2020sales.咨询公司贝恩4月份时预测全球奢侈品销售额将增长4%,但事实上今年的销售额增长了10%,到达1680亿欧元,增长速度比得上08年时的增长速度。Bainexpectsgrowthtocoolnextyear,partlyduetothedollarcontinuingtoweakenagainsttheeuroandbecauseofthestrengthofsalesin2020.贝恩预测,鉴于美元兑欧元持续贬值和2020年销售额的过度回升,销售额增长将在明年放缓。Itexpectssalesin2020toriseby4-5percent,whichismoreinlinewithhistoricalrates.它还预测,2020年销售额将增长4-5%,这与历史增长率比拟接近。Theforecastsshowthattheluxurygoodsindustryhasbouncedbacksharplyafterlastyearrsquo;s8percentfallinsales-theworsteverintheluxurymarket.这些预测表明,奢侈操行业在经历了去年销售额下降8%的历史最糟成绩之后,开场强劲反弹。ldquo;ThemaindriversareChinaandAsiabuttherealsurprisehasbeenthereboundintheUS,rdquo;saidClaudiaDrsquo;Arpizio,aMilan-basedBainpartner.ldquo;Departmentstoresaresufferinglessthanexpected.rdquo;ldquo;主要推动力是中国和亚洲,但真正令人意外的是美国市场的回升。rdquo;贝恩驻米兰合伙人克劳迪亚middot;达皮奇奥表示,ldquo;百货公司遭到的影响低于预期rdquo;。InspiteoffearsaboutthehealthoftheUSeconomy,themostrecentdataforSeptembershowUSluxurydepartmentstoresoutperformingtherestoftheretailsector.Highernumbersofaffluenttravelershavealsoboostedluxurysalesthisyear,especiallytouristsfromChina.尽管人们对美国经济忧心忡忡,但9月份最新数据显示,美国奢侈品百货商店的表现要好于其他零售业部门。有钱人旅游消费的增加也推动了今年奢侈品的销售,尤其是来自中国的游客。Bigbrandshavebeenthebiggestwinnersfromthereboundindemand,accordingtoBain,whichsaidtheywerebetterabletorespondtothecrisisthroughinvestmentandnewstoreopenings.贝恩表示,奢侈品大品牌是需求回升中的最大赢家,它们能够通过投资和开设新店更好地应对危机。考研必读英语精巧时文:研发经费普降Researchanddevelopmentspendingatmajorcompaniesdeclinedlastyearforthefirsttimeinmorethanadecade,accordingtoasurveybymanagementconsultingfirmBoozCo.管理咨询公司BoozCo.的一项调查结果显示,去年大公司在研发方面的投入出现了10多年以来的初次下降。Thecutslastyearwereconcentratedinauto,computing,electronicsandindustrialcompanies,someofthebiggestspenders.lsquo;Theworld-widerecessionfinallycaughtupwiththeworldrsquo;stopinnovationspendersin2020,rsquo;theBoozreportsays,addingthatlsquo;themostforward-lookingcompanieswilllikelymovequicklytorestoretheRDcutstheymadein2020.rsquo;对研发支出作出削减的行业主要包括汽车、计算机、电子和工业企业,其中有几家公司是世界上最舍得在研发上花钱的公司。ldquo;2020年,全球范围的衰退终于对世界上在创新方面支出最多的公司产生了影响。rdquo;Booz的调查报告讲,ldquo;最有远见的公司可能很快就会恢复2020年削减的研发费用。rdquo;Total2020RDspendingbythecompaniessurveyeddeclined3.5%fromayearearlierto$503billion.RocheHoldingAGhadthebiggestspendingtotallastyear,at$9.12billion.ItwasfollowedbyMicrosoftCorp.with$9.01billionandNokiaCorp.at$8.24billion.ToyotaMotorCorp.rsquo;sRDspendingtotaled$7.82billion,andPfizerInc.had$7.74billion.接受调查的公司2020年研发支出总额为5,030亿美元,较一年前下降3.5%。去年研发支出最多的是罗氏公司,研发费用91.2亿美元,其次是微软,研发费用90.1亿美元,诺基亚,研发费用82.4亿美元。丰田汽车公司研发支出总额为78.2亿美元,辉瑞制药有限公司支出为77.4亿美元。BoozalsofoundthatheavyspendingonRDdoesnrsquo;tnecessarilyleadtorecognitionasatechnologyleader.Booz的调查还发现,在研发方面投入越多的公司并不一定被看做科技领头羊。Inasurveyofmorethan450lsquo;innovationexecutivesrsquo;from400companiesrepresenting$150billioninannualRDspending,Boozaskedthemtonamethecompaniestheyconsideredlsquo;mostinnovative.rsquo;Booz对来自400家公司的450多名研发管理者进行了调查,这些公司的年度研发支出总计1,500亿美元。Booz让他们列出他们以为ldquo;最有创新精神rdquo;的公司。ThethreemostfrequentlychosenbyrespondentswereAppleInc.,GoogleInc.and3MCo.,noneofwhichwasamongthe10biggestspendersonRDin2020.结果他们选出的公司是苹果、谷歌和3MCo。而这三家公司2020年的研发支出都没有进入前十。Applelastyearspentabout3.1%ofitssalesonRD,orabouthalfthetypicallevelforcomputerandelectroniccompanies,saidBarryJaruzelski,apartneratBooz,andyetApplersquo;sRDappearstobefarmoreeffectivethanthatofmanyrivals.Booz公司合伙人雅鲁泽尔斯基讲,苹果去年的研发支出仅占销售额的3.1%左右,大约是电脑和电子产品公司平均水平的一半。但苹果公司用小钱办大事,他们研发工作的有效性超过了很多竞争对手。lsquo;Itrsquo;smuchmoreabouthowyoudoitthanhowmuchyouspend,rsquo;Mr.Jaruzelskisaid.Applesucceedsbecauseithasadeepunderstandingofconsumers,isfocusedinitsprojectslsquo;asopposedtotryingtospreadtheirbets,rsquo;andattractssuperiortalent,hesaid.雅鲁泽尔斯基讲,做事的方式比花多少钱更重要。苹果成功的原因在于,它并不专注于一味扩大规模,而是更关注消费者的需求,并且吸引一流的人才。考研必读英语精巧时文:家乐福,十字路口Carrefourrsquo;spresenceinThailandissimilarlymodest.WhereasBritainrsquo;sTescohasbecomethecountryrsquo;sbiggestgrocerychain,Carrefourliesinadistantfourthplace.AcrosstheborderinMalaysiaittrailswellbehindTescoandtwootherforeignretailers.家乐福在泰国的表现并不算出色mdash;mdash;在英国的特易购成为泰国最大的连锁店的同时,家乐福的排名却只要第四。在马来西亚全境,家乐福都要远远落后于特易购和其他两家外国零售商。Andso,withaGallicshrug,CarrefourisclosingupshopinmuchofSouth-EastAsia.Its44storesinThailand,23inMalaysiaandtwoinSingaporeareforsale.PotentialbuyersaresaidtoincludeTescoandCasino,aFrenchfirmthatalreadyhasaThaijointventure,BigC.AnalystsreckonthatCarrefourrsquo;sstorescouldfetchupto$1billion.对于这种现状,家乐福摆出一副ldquo;责不在我,我也没辙rdquo;的姿态,陆续关闭东南亚大部分的门店。它准备出售44家泰国店,23家马来西亚店以及2家新加坡店。据讲潜在买家有特易购和卡西诺,后者是一家拥有泰国合资企业BigC的法国公司。分析师估算,家乐福的竞购价能够到达10亿美元。CarrefourwasoneofthefirstforeigngrocerstoopenshopsinSouth-EastAsiainthe1990s.Butthelater-arrivingTescoprovedcannierinfiguringoutwhatconsumerswanted.WhenthefirmfoundoutthatThaishopperstraveledformilesbybustoitsldquo;big-boxrdquo;stores,itopenedsmallerstoresinruraltowns.CarrefourfocusedonBangkokrsquo;shigherspendersandstucktoitshypermarketformat.TobyDesforges,founderofEngage,amarketingconsultancy,callsthistheldquo;takeitorleavepressurefromactivistshareholderstoreversethefirmrsquo;sglobalexpansionandfocusonEurope.Mr.OlofssonhassaidhepreferstoleavemarketswhereCarrefourisnotoneofthetoptworetailersorhaslittlehopeofbecomingone.家乐福是上世纪90年代最早在东南亚开设分店的外国零售商之一,但是后来者特易购似乎更了解客户的需求。当特易购发现泰国消费者需要乘坐几英里的公交车才能到它的大型卖场后,就开场在乡间小镇里开设小型门店。而家乐福则定位于曼谷的高端消费群体,坚持ldquo;大型卖场rdquo;道路。市场分析机构Engage的创始人之一将家乐福的这种做法释为ldquo;要么接受,要么摒弃rdquo;。最终,泰国消费者选择了将它摒弃。家乐福的股东们一直在给首席执行官罗盛施加压力,要求他停止家乐福在全球的扩张计划,而专注于欧洲市场。罗盛讲,家乐福在有些地区不是市场的领头羊,也没希望成为领头羊,他倾向于放弃这些市场。Forallthat,Carrefourrsquo;sretreatfromSouth-EastAsiamaybeill-timed.ComparedwithEurope,theregionrsquo;seconomyisbuoyant.Thailandrsquo;smodernretailsectorisgrowingrapidlydespitethecountryrsquo;spoliticalturmoil.ThesameistrueofMalaysia.Asincomesrise,moreshopperswillopttodrivetolarge,air-conditionedstores.SomemightevendevelopatasteforFrenchcheese.不管怎么样,家乐福选择从东南亚退出的机会不对。和欧洲比,这里的经济生机蓬勃。马来西亚也是如此。当收入增加时,更多购物者愿意驱车前往宽阔大气、空调开放的超市。有些人甚至还会迷上法国奶酪呢。考研必读英语精巧时文