怎样做托福浏览总结题.docx

怎样做托福浏览总结题怎样做托福浏览总结题对于托福浏览考试部分，大家可以以从题型的角度出发，把握题型的特点，能够辅助我们更好地来解答这类题型内容。本篇文章整理的是关于托福浏览总结题的内容解析，具体内容如下：怎样做托福浏览总结题托福总结题主要目的：考察学生理解和识别主要内容和文中所提及重要的信息。这类考题的特点：有六个选项，你能够从中选出三个最能表达主要思想的句子。这类考题分值是2分，选出三个得2分，选出2个得1分，顺序选择不影响得分。Direction:Anintroductorysentenceorabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.Completethesummarybyselectingthethreeanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points解决这类考题的方法：一、清楚文章的论证类型总分型一般容易出这类考题。我以中文为例，丽丽教师是一个非常好的人。首先，她很乐于助人例如一次我看见她扶一个盲人过马路，其次丽丽教师很慷慨，有一次我看见她为希望工程捐了她当时兜里的全部钱(50元)，第三丽丽很谦虚和平易近人。这样的文章十分容易出总结题Lilyisaniceperson1、丽丽乐于助人2、丽丽扶一个盲人过马路3、丽丽教师很慷慨，4、老余捐了100元5、丽丽很谦虚和平易近人6、丽丽经常打架正确答案应该是1、3、5二、解决方法：一)主体词排除错误选项法首先捉住要总结的关键词也就是主体词，就是要问哪方向的内容，如上个例子，主体题丽丽一定会在正确答案中出现，不然问的是丽丽能够答案议论的是别人，就变得完全不相关了，根据这个特点我们能够排除4老余捐了100元如OG上的一道总结题能够直接使用主体词排除错误选项的方法Thetechnologyofmoderncinemaevolvedattheendofthenineteenthcentury.1、Kinetoscopeparlorsorviewingfilmsweremodeledonphonographparlors2、ThomasEdisonsdesignoftheKinetoscopeinspiredthedevelopmentoflargescreenprojection.3、Earlycinemaallowedindividualstousespecialmachinestoviewfilmsprivately.4、Slides-and-lanternshowshadbeenpresented.5、Thedevelopmentofprojectiontechnologymadeitpossibletoprojectimagesonalargescreen6、oncefilmsimagescouldbeprojected,thecinemabecameaformofmassconsumption其中只要三个选项有本问题的关键词，本问题的关键词是thetechnologyofcinema.二)细节信息排除法总结题是对对文章的高度概括所以细节的出现犯了以偏概全的错误，如中文例子中的2、丽丽扶一个盲人过马路。这是一个详细的事实细节，我们要绕过例子看总结。所以在排除它。如OG中的一道题目Thispassagediscussesfossilsthathelptoexplainthelikelyoriginsofcetaceans-whales,porpoisesanddolphinsAnswerchoices1Recentdiscoveriesoffossilshavehelpedtoshowhelinkbetweenlandmammalsandcetaceans(这是本文的主题)2、ThediscoveryofAmbulocetusnatansprovidedevidenceforawhalethatlivedbothonlandandatsea.(总结性信息)3、TheskeletonofBasilosaurusarefoundinwhathadbeentheTehysSea,anarearichinfossilevidence.(绝对的事实细节)-排除4Pakicetusistheoldestfossilwhaleyettobefound(绝对的事实细节)-排除5、Fossilsthoughttobetransitionalformsbetweenwalkingmammalsandswimmingwhaleswerefound.(主题)6、Ambulocetushindlegswereusedforpropulsioninthewater.(绝对的事实细节)-排除三)新信息出现排除如6、丽丽经常打架，原文没有出现，所以正确答案中一定没有。托福浏览真题练习：美国人口托福浏览文本：Althoughonly1personin20intheColonialperiodlivedinacity,thecitieshadadisproportionateinfluenceonthedevelopmentofNorthAmerica.Theywereatthecuttingedgeofsocialchange.Itwasinthecitiesthattheelementsthatcanbeassociatedwithmoderncapitalismfirstappearedtheuseofmoneyandcommercialpaperinplaceofbarter,opencompetitioninplaceofsocialdeferenceandhierarchy,withanattendantriseinsocialdisorder,andtheappearanceoffactoriesusingcoatorwaterpowerinplaceofindependentcraftspeopleworkingwithhandtools.Thecitiespredictedthefuture,wrotehistorianGary.B.Nash,eventhoughtheywerebutovergrownvillagescomparedtothegreaturbancentersofEurope,theMiddleEastandChina.ExceptforBoston,whosepopulationstabilizedatabout16,000in1760,citiesgrewbyexponentialleapsthroughtheeighteenthcentury.InthefifteenyearspriortotheoutbreakoftheWarforindependencein1775,morethan200,000immigrantsarrivedonNorthAmericanshores.ThismeantthatapopulationthesizeofBostonwasarrivingeveryyear,andmostofitflowedintotheportcitiesintheNortheast.Philadelphiaspopulationnearlydoubtedinthoseyears,reachingabout30,000in1774,NewYorkgrewatalmostthesamerate,reachingabout25,000by1775.Thequalityofthehinterlanddictatedthepaceofgrowthofthecities.ThelandsurroundingBostonhadalwaysbeenpoorfarmcountry,andbythemid-eighteenthcenturyitwasvirtuallystrippedofitstimber.Theavailablefarmlandwasoccupied,therewaslittleintheregionbeyondthecitytoattractimmigrants.NewYorkandPhiladelphia,bycontrast,servedarichandfertilehinterlandlacedwithnavigablewatercourses.Scots,Irish,andGermanslandedinthesecitiesandfollowedtheriversinland.TheregionsaroundthecitiesofNewYorkandPhiladelphiabecamethebreadbasketsofNorthAmerica,sendinggrainnotonlytoothercoloniesbutalsotoEnglandandsouthernEurope,wherecripplingdroughtsinthelate1760screatedawholenewmarket.托福浏览题目：1.WhichofthefollowingaspectsofNorthAmericaintheeighteenthcenturydoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Theeffectsofwaronthegrowthofcities(B)Thegrowthandinfluenceofcities(C)Thedeclineoffarminginareassurroundingcities(D)Thecausesofimmigrationtocities2.WhydoestheauthorsaythatthecitieshadadisproportionateinfluenceonthedevelopmentofNorthAmerica(lines1-2)?(A)Theinfluenceofthecitieswasmostlynegative(B)Thepopulationsofthecitiesweresmall,buttheirinfluencewasgreat.(C)Thecitiesweregrowingatagreatrate.(D)Mostpeoplepretendedtoliveincities3.Thephraseinplaceofinlines4-5isclosestinmeaningto(A)connectedto(B)inadditionto(C)becauseof(D)insteadof4.Thewordattendantinline6isclosestinmeaningto(A)avoidable(B)accompanying(C)unwelcome(D)unexpected5.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanelementofmoderncapitalism?(A)Opencompetition(B)Socialdeference(C)Socialhierarchy(D)Independentcraftspeople6.ItcanbeinferredthatincomparisonwithNorthAmericancities,citiesinEurope,theMiddleEast,andChinahad(A)largepopulations(B)littleindependence(C)frequentsocialdisorder(D)fewpowersources7.Thephraseexponentialleapsinline12isclosestinmeaningto(A)longwars(B)newlaws(C)rapidincreases(D)excitingchanges8.Theworditinline15refersto(A)population(B)size(C)Boston(D)Year9.HowmanyimmigrantsarrivedinNorthAmericabetween1760and1775?(A)About16,000(B)About25,000(C)About30,000(D)Morethan200,00010.Theworddictatedinline18isclosestinmeaningto(A)spoiled(B)reduced(C)determined(D)divided11.Thewordvirtuallyinline20isclosestinmeaningto(A)usually(B)hardly(C)veryquickly(D)almostcompletely12.TheregionsurroundingNewYorkandPhiladelphiaiscontrastedwiththeregionsurroundingBostonintermsof(A)qualityoffarmland(B)originofimmigrants(C)opportunitiesforfishing(D)typeofgraingrown13.WhydoestheauthordescribetheregionsaroundthecitiesofNewYorkandPhiladelphiaasbreadbaskets?(A)Theyproducedgrainespeciallyformakingbread.(B)Theystoredlargequantitiesofgrainduringperiodsofdrought(C)TheysuppliedgraintootherpartsofNorthAmericaandothercountries.(D)TheyconsumedmoregrainthanalltheotherregionsofNorthAmerica.托福浏览答案：BBDBAACADCDAC托福浏览真题练习：大城市的偏见托福浏览文本：Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersofcorruption,crime,poverty,andmoraldegradation.Theirdistrustwascaused,inpart,byanationalideologythatproclaimedfarmingthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.Thisattitudeprevailedevenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessentialfeatureofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeoplemigratedfromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspiciouswiththem.Thesenewurbanities,alreadyconvincedthatcitieswereoverwhelmedwithgreatproblems,eagerlyembracedtheprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthechaosofthecity.Oneofmanyreformscameintheareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedbymunicipalgovernments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedbyregulatingtheutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.Proponentsofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwouldinsurewidespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteeafairprice.Whilesomereformsfocusedongovernmentandpublicbehavior,otherslookedatthecitiesasawhole.Civicleaders,convincedthatphysicalenvironmentinfluencedhumanbehavior,arguedthatcitiesshoulddevelopmasterplanstoguidetheirfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.Urbanrenewalinthetwentiethcenturyfollowedseveralcourses.Somecitiesintroducedplanstocompletelyrebuildthecitycore.Mostothercitiescontentedthemselveswithzoningplansforregulatingfuturegrowth.Certainpartsoftownwererestrictedtoresidentialuse,whileothersweresetasideforindustrialorcommercialdevelopment.托福浏览题目：1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Acomparisonofurbanandrurallifeintheearlytwentiethcentury(B)Theroleofgovernmentintwentiethcenturyurbanrenewal(C)Effortstoimproveurbanlifeintheearlytwentiethcentury(D)Methodsofcontrollingurbangrowthinthetwentiethcentury2.Thewordbiasinline2isclosestinmeaningto(A)diagonal(B)slope(C)distortion(D)prejudice3.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatmostpeoplewholivedinruralareas(A)weresuspiciousoftheirneighbors(B)wereveryproudoftheirlifestyle(C)believedcitygovernmenthadtoomuchpower(D)wantedtomovetothecities4.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,manyruraldwellersmigratedtothecityinorderto(A)participateintheurbanreformmovement(B)seekfinancialsecurity(C)complywithagovernmentordinance(D)avoidcrimeandcorruption5.Thewordembracedinline11isclosestinmeaningto(A)suggested(B)overestimated(C)demanded(D)welcomed6.Whatconcerndidreformershaveaboutprivatelyownedutilitycompanies?(A)Theyfearedtheserviceswouldnotbemadeavailabletoallcitydwellers.(B)Theybelievedprivateownershipwouldsloweconomicgrowth(C)Theydidnottrustthecompaniestoobeythegovernmentregulations.(D)Theywantedtoensurethattheserviceswouldbeprovidedtoruralareas.7.Thewordexorbitantinline16isclosestinmeaningto(A)additional(B)expensive(C)various(D)modified8.AllofthefollowingwerethedirectresultofpublicutilityreformsEXCEPT(A)localgovernmentsdeterminedtherateschargedbyprivateutilitycompanies(B)someutilitycompanieswereownedandoperatedbylocalgovernments(C)theavailabilityofserviceswasregulatedbylocalgovernment(D)privateutilitycompanieswererequiredtopayafeetolocalgovernments9.ThewordProponentsinline18isclosestinmeaningto(A)Experts(B)Pioneers(C)Reviewers(D)Supporters10.Whydoestheauthormentionindustrialization(line24)?(A)Toexplainhowfasturbangrowthledtopoorlydesignedcities(B)Toemphasizetheeconomicimportanceofurbanareas(C)Tosuggestthatlabordisputeshadbecomeanurbanproblem(D)Toillustratetheneedforconstructionofnewfactories托福浏览答案：CDBBDABDDA怎样做托福浏览总结题