M9U1-Grammar定语从句课件.ppt

Revision ofthe Attributive Clause定语从句复习定语从句复习Lead-inLead-inIn the corner, there is a garbage can _which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.aroundThe money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.withI often go shopping in Times Supermarket.Times supermarket is the place _I often go shopping.where(in which)Can you tell me the reason _ you are so late?why/for which1. The book , _ the cover is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for which C. whose D. of which2. I will give the gift to the student _ I think is honest in our class. A. whom B. which C. that D. who3. Word came of his success , _filled the parents heart with pride. A. that B. whom C. who D. which Lets have a try:DDDThis is the best film that I have seen.定语从句定语从句the best film 先行词先行词that关系词关系词定语从句定语从句：先行词先行词关系词关系词：关系词的作用关系词的作用在复合句中在复合句中修饰修饰一个名词或代词的一个名词或代词的从句从句称为定语从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。修饰的先行词后面。被修饰限定的名词或代词被修饰限定的名词或代词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 1.引导定语从句引导定语从句; 2.代替先行词代替先行词; 3.在定语从句中担当一在定语从句中担当一个成分个成分。1. 关系代词关系代词关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成在定语从句中所充当的成分分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语定语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoseas 2.关系副词关系副词关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语状语状语状语类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整意义不完整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响影响。修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词 / 整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1.指物时只用指物时只用that 或或which 的情况的情况2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词3.as 与与which的区别的区别4.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词5.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题6.The way 用作先行词用作先行词 常见考点常见考点1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 与与which 的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰先行词前有修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或者者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用 who, which，而用而用 that。1. 先行词为先行词为 everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，以及被：先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，以及被： the very, the only，just the 修饰等。修饰等。4. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that。只用只用that的情况的情况:that 与与which 的区别的区别Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. (05浙江浙江)A.which B that C this D.it1. 逗号后面逗号后面 2. 介词后面介词后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this只用只用which的情况的情况:考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词1) 根据根据先行词先行词 来确定介词来确定介词The floor _ we live is quiet.The reason _ I came here is that I want your help.2) 根据根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词从句中的谓语动词或形容词 来确定来确定The person _ I lent money went abroad last year.The dog _ she used to be afraid is her favorite animal now.3) 根据根据从句所表达的意义从句所表达的意义 来确定来确定Water, _ man cant live, is very important on which for which to whom of which without which注意：遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟注意：遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置词组主体，不作前置 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking. 1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.3.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?4.Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? with whomin whichwith whichwhichExercises:考点三考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。 3. whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window 考点四：考点四：asas与与whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句比较比较两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用下列情况多用as。1. as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,但是但是which不能；不能； as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，多数已成固定结构：之意，多数已成固定结构：as you know/as you see/as we planed。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当先行词被当先行词被such，so或或the same修饰时，常用修饰时，常用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. 试比较试比较so.as与与so.that的区别的区别:This is so interesting a book _ we all like.这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。（定语从句）（定语从句）This is so interesting a book _ we all like it.这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。（结果状语从句）（结果状语从句）asthat This is the same pen _I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D比较：比较：.the same pen as I lost. . the same pen that I lost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 . 选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考点六考点六:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。词保持一致。1.I am not the one who _afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who _not fit for this job isam3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing填上合适的关系词并分析原因：填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/ which/不填不填不填不填/that/in which缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点七：考点七：the way 用作先行词用作先行词3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北）湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which高考题链接高考题链接：考点八：考点八： 先行词与定语从句的分离现象先行词与定语从句的分离现象 在考试中经常会出现先行词与定语从句分离的在考试中经常会出现先行词与定语从句分离的现象，使试题的难度大增，这时要分析语境，找现象，使试题的难度大增，这时要分析语境，找准先行词，从而正确选择关系词。准先行词，从而正确选择关系词。 The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (11天津天津, 10) A. when B. that C. where D. which 【解析解析】本题先行词为本题先行词为the days，为了句子结构，为了句子结构平衡，把定语从句后置。答案为平衡，把定语从句后置。答案为_。 Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (11上海上海, 39) A. whichB. where C. when D. as【解析解析】本题先行词为本题先行词为_，作从句谓语，作从句谓语hire 的宾语，故用的宾语，故用_ 引导定语从句，引导定语从句，其中间插入了其中间插入了_。taxiswhichwaiting at the bus station1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词词and, but等。等。1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。为陈述句式。小试牛刀小试牛刀2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.3. Football is a sport _ players hold the ball and run with it, like in rugby.4. That is an occasion _ model planes and model rockets are flown over the school grounds.A.where B.thatC. when D.whichA先行词是先行词是situation, case, scene时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是in whichAC1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有的名词，但也有特殊情况特殊情况。解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,scene , conditionpoint,situation,scene , condition和和casecase等表示抽等表示抽象意义的词，常用象意义的词，常用where where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地到了某种地步，在某种境况中步，在某种境况中” ” 。1. She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、when B、whatC、which D、whyC 2.She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing.A比较练习比较练习3. Dafeng is a county, _ is famous for Milu deer. Beijing is a city, _there is the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. thereA C 4. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the onesABso .that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句5. I，_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D6. Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、which B、thatC、what D、asB7. His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD 8. This is the way _ he memorizes English words. Which of the following is wrong? A. that B. in which C./ D. whichD9. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. thatB. as C. who D. what B10. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. What D. ThatB11 .Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD Our class is a big family . It consists of 50 students. Most of them are mainly from Changzhou. Li Zi is a kind-hearted girl. She is always ready to help others. She is such a good girl that we all like her. Our class is a big family which consists of 50 students, most of whom are mainly from Changzhou. Li Zi is a kind-hearted girl, who is always ready to help others. She is such a good girl as we all like.定语从句的运用定语从句的运用