grammar9名词性从句.ppt

名词性从句Noun ClausesWhat are noun clauses? -Noun clauses are the clauses that have the same functions as nouns. A clause used as the subject is called A clause used as the object is called A clause used as the predictive is called A clause used as the appositive is called-subject clause-object clause -predictive clause-appositive clauseNoun clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there.4. The fact that she was late surprised us.-subject clause -object clause -predictive clause -appositive clause 主语从句主语从句subject clausethat whether who whom whose what which when where why how从从 句句引导词引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain. 主语太长了主语太长了!放到句尾放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What “什么什么”, “所所.的的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用 if主语从句的位置主语从句的位置 1.在句首在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面主语较长时通常放在后面,句句首主语用首主语用 It1. 真可惜我们不能去游泳真可惜我们不能去游泳.2. 碰巧那天我外出了碰巧那天我外出了.3. 他考试肯定会考好他考试肯定会考好.4. 据说他已告诉了她一切据说他已告诉了她一切. It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he has told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.“it “ in subject clauses从从 句句 同主语从句同主语从句 (11个个), 外加外加引导词引导词: as if as though, 1. The truth is _ he has never been to the countryside.2. The question is _ we can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It looks _ it were going to rain. 4. This school is no longer _ it was before.Predictive clause(表语从句表语从句) thatwhetheras ifwhat注意下列表语从句中注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法的译法1. This is where Lu Xun once lived.2. That was how they won the match.3. This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方的地方. 他们就是他们就是这样这样赢得这场比赛的赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她今天早上起得这么早这就是她今天早上起得这么早的原因的原因.我们就是这样克服困难的我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方这就是我们上星期碰头的地方. This is how we overcame the difficultiesThat is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday. object clause宾宾语从句语从句从从 句句 ( 同主语从句同主语从句 ) ,增加增加 if ,可与可与 whether引导词引导词:互换互换, 但不与但不与 or not 连用连用1. They pretended ( that ) they knew how to do it. 2.She said (that) she couldnt tell me and that I couldnt understand.宾语从句并列时宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个只省略第一个 that 4. Everything depends on whether we have enough time. ( if )if /whether 表示表示“是否是否” 可以互换可以互换,四种情况四种情况用用whether: 1.在介词后面在介词后面 2.与与or not连用连用 3.在主语从句在主语从句,表语从句表语从句,同同位语从句中位语从句中4后面跟不定式后面跟不定式5. I dont know whether he will come or not. ( if )6. The question is whether he will agree . ( if )7.I havent decided whether to leave. ( if ) 宾语从句经常做介词的宾语从句经常做介词的宾语宾语1. The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.2. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. 5. It depends on if we have enough time. whether we have enough time.介词后面不用介词后面不用 if that what how whoever6. Are you sorry for which you have done? what you have done?that 从句只跟在从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, 四个介词后面四个介词后面Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:1. The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2. Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3. I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4. Can you doubt if she will succeed?5. I worried about if my brother will return in time.6. She said that she has never told a lie.7. Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.8. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.9. That he said moved everyone present.whatit necessary that this should be kept secret for the time beingthat she will succeed ?whether my brother will return in time.hadThat our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of usWhatIt seemedwhich不做介词宾语句尾重心从句缺少引导词that不做句子成分没有It look that表达式同位语从同位语从句句被修饰词有被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opinion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, , fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea同位语从句说同位语从句说明它们的内容明它们的内容常见引导词常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词疑问词1. The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.2. The question how I did it is hard to answer.3. They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if )5. A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚这一道理非常清楚.我我怎么怎么做的做的这一问题难回答这一问题难回答.他们根本不知他们根本不知去去哪儿哪儿找食物找食物他他是否是否来来这个问题不重要这个问题不重要.我突然想到我突然想到他可能在图书馆他可能在图书馆. 被别的词隔开that 无词义 What are the differences between appositive clauses (同同位语从句位语从句) and attributive clauses(定语从句定语从句)?同位语从句同位语从句(appositive clause )和定语从句和定语从句(attributive clause)的区别的区别:We were excited about the news (that) he had told us.We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.The fact that the young man had been a prisoner astonished her .The fact that was unbelievable astonished everyone.The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered.The question which seems so strange remains to be answered.同位语从句同位语从句: 说明名词的内容说明名词的内容, wh-表示疑问表示疑问, that 不做成分不做成分, 不能省略不能省略定定 语语 从从 句句:说明名词的性质特征说明名词的性质特征, wh-不表示疑问不表示疑问,引导词做句子成分引导词做句子成分,做宾语做宾语 可以省略可以省略用用because because 引导的表语从句仅限于引导的表语从句仅限于以下一个句型以下一个句型This is / that is / it is because This is / that is / it is because thatthat那是因那是因为你为你吃的太多吃的太多.可能是因可能是因为为我不喜我不喜欢运动欢运动.The reason .thatThe reason .that 的句型的句型The reason why “Harry potter “is so The reason why “Harry potter “is so popular is that that book is full ofpopular is that that book is full of imagination. imagination. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences and pay attention to the rules that we should follow. 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. there are he haswhat was the matter.Rule1: pay attention to word orders in clauses! 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. 5. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.Rule2: pay attention to the use of subjunctive mood!Question: Do you know any other similar words? 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：6. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.7. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.8. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.9. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whetherwhetherwhetherwhether Question: In what situations should “whether” Question: In what situations should “whether” be used instead of “if”?be used instead of “if”?1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 5.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 6.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 7._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 8.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 9.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 10._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 11. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 12._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 13._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Which14.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 15. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 16.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 17._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 18.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 19._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 20.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how 22._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 23.It was _ he said _ disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that ; that C. what ; what D. that ; what 24.Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any ; who B. every ; whoever C. whichever ; whoever D. either ; whoever