M2U1Grammar--现在完成时.ppt

1.Present Perfect Tense1.Present Perfect Tense2.Present Perfect Continuous Tense2.Present Perfect Continuous Tense、现在完成时、现在完成时 1.1.现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成 2.2.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法、现在完成进行时、现在完成进行时 1.1.现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时的构成 2.2.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时的用法、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较1.1.现在完成时的现在完成时的构成构成：主动式主动式: :have/has done被动式被动式: :have/has been done1. Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时现在完成时The boy _(catch)a The boy _(catch)a bird. He is very happy.bird. He is very happy.has caughtLook, the window is open. Eric _(open) the window.has opened现在完成时表示过去发生或现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成已完成的动的动作，或某一动作对现在造成的作，或某一动作对现在造成的影响影响或结或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副时间副词词just, already, before, yet, never, just, already, before, yet, never, ever, lately, recentlyever, lately, recently等状语连用。等状语连用。小结：小结：现在完成时用法现在完成时用法1-1-已完成、影响性用法已完成、影响性用法 already:用于用于肯定句肯定句; ;yet:用于用于否定和疑问句否定和疑问句Ex:A:Have you_ been to New York?B: No, I havent been to New York_. But I will go to New York this summer.A:Im sure youll like it.Hey, do you know that my family have owned a plane_1920.B:I dont believe your family have had a plane_ over 80 years.A:In fact, you have seen it in the sitting room_.B:Yes,I have_ noticed it.But I have seen it many times.Its only a model.eversinceforalreadyyetjustonce/twice/three times/ yet, ever, recently/lately, since, for, already, just现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去已经开始过去已经开始，持续到现在持续到现在, ,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段内）的一段时间的状语时间的状语连用。如：连用。如： for和和since， so far, up to now, today, until/till, this week (month, year) during /over /in the past few years (weeks, months) 现在完成时用法现在完成时用法2-2-未完成用法未完成用法小结：小结：Fill in the blanks:. a. She has learnt English 3 years.b. She has learnt English 3 years ago.c. They have lived here _1990.forsincesince I (see) her so far. What _ (happen) to the USA in the past 35 years?havent seen has happened他死了3年了。He has been dead for 3 years /since 3 years ago.带带for和和since的陈述句，肯定不能用瞬的陈述句，肯定不能用瞬间动词，但是否定可以间动词，但是否定可以I havent buy anything for a long time.For +一段时间一段时间Since+ 时间点时间点他吸烟有3年了。He has smoked for 3 years.It is /has been 3 years since he began to smoke.since + 瞬间动词 本意 延续性动词 反义It is /has been 3 years since he smoked.自从他不吸烟已经3年了。Eric _ the door just now.I _ the film.I _ the film last week.openedhave seensawTip1:现在完成时的时间状语都是表示时现在完成时的时间状语都是表示时间不明确或不重要的词间不明确或不重要的词有明确时间，用一般过去时有明确时间，用一般过去时 I went to Egypt in 1986. I went to Egypt in 2004. I _ (be) to Egypt twice. have beenTip2: 去过某地去过某地have/has been to去了某地去了某地have/has gone to现在完成时可过去发生过现在完成时可过去发生过一次或一次或多次多次的情况，也可以说是的情况，也可以说是一种经一种经历。历。现在完成时用法现在完成时用法3-3-经验性用法经验性用法I havent seen anything so beautiful in my life.小结：小结：1)是第几次做是第几次做This (That/It) is the first (second) time + that-clause This is the first time that I _ (see) pandas2 ) 是唯一的是唯一的This (That/It) is the only time + that-clause It is the only time that I_ (travel )abroad.3)是最是最的的This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting + that-clause. It is the most delicious food that I _(taste)have seenhave traveledhave tasted 4)自从有多长时间了It is/has been +时间段+since+ 一般过去时Its 10 years since Tom left.5) 在时间/条件状语从句中，强调动作先完成Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.I cant go to bed until I have finished the homework.Present Perfect Continuous TensePresent Perfect Continuous Tense现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 1现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时的构成 have/has been doing 无被动形式现在完成进行时用法现在完成进行时用法1 1现在完成进行时表示现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在过去的动作持续到现在并仍在继续之中并仍在继续之中. .CCTV has been broadcasting English programs since 1984. 1984futurenowbroadcastbroadcast小结：小结： The boy started having dinner five minutes ago. He is still having dinner now. The boy _ (have) dinner since five minutes ago. has been havingThe man started working in the field half an hour ago. He is still working now.The man _ (work) in the field for half an hour. has been working现在完成进行时用法现在完成进行时用法2:2:现在完成进行时表示现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到说话时刚结束，过去的动作持续到说话时刚结束，并在某种情况下与现在有关联并在某种情况下与现在有关联. .Mavis started waiting .Kelly arrives.Kelly: Sorry， Im late. Have you been waiting long?Mavis: Yes. Ive been waiting for an hour. an hour agofuturenowwait小结：小结：现在完成进行时用法现在完成进行时用法3: （见讲义（见讲义2）现在完成时和现在完成进现在完成时和现在完成进行时的行时的比较比较 Tom _ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.表示事件或表示事件或动作动作刚结束刚结束) Tom _ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.强调动作强调动作仍在仍在进行进行) has read has been reading比较一：（比较一：（无时间状语时无时间状语时） I _(travel) to Beijing three times. I _(travel) in Beijing for 3 days. have travelled比较二：比较二： have been travelling_have you been swimming in the lake?_have you swum in the lake?A. How longB. How many timesAB 现在完成时可表示反复发生的动作,提问时一般用 how many times.而现在完成进行时则表示持续的,不间断的动作,提问时用 how long. I have worked here for 10 years. How long have you worked here?1.She has had the pen for 2 years.2.She has written many compositions withthis pen.3.She has been writing compositions with this pen.state verbaction verbaction verb比较三：比较三：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时则则只能只能用表示用表示动作动作的动词的动词(action verb)做谓语做谓语 其余区别看锦绣前程P8和讲义 ( ) 1.I have never visited America. ( ) 2.I have already been to America ( ) 3.I have never been visiting America 比较五：比较五：比较六：比较六：Who has been eating my apples?Who has eaten my apples?（带有感情色彩）（带有感情色彩）（不带有感情色彩，（不带有感情色彩，只是陈述某事情）只是陈述某事情）现在完成时现在完成时 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表动作完成表动作完成表动作仍然进行表动作仍然进行表动作的重复表动作的重复表动作的持续表动作的持续表感情色彩表感情色彩强调动作强调动作强调结果、影响强调结果、影响与动态动词连用与动态动词连用与静态动词连用与静态动词连用与与never, ever, yet, already 连用连用与与how many/much 连用连用与与how long 连用连用