动词时态与语态1.ppt

动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态、语态时态、语态虚拟语气虚拟语气非谓语动非谓语动词词不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词的分类动词的分类 语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v. /v.sam /is /are + Vp.p一般过去时一般过去时vedwas / were + Vp.p一般将来时一般将来时will + v.will be + Vp.p过去将来时过去将来时would + v.would be + Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had + Vp.phad been + Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have /has + Vp.phave /has been + Vp.p将来完成时将来完成时will have + Vp.pwill have been + Vp.p现在进行时现在进行时am /is / are + Vingam /is /are + being + Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。成进行、过去将来等。2 2、时间、条件、让步等、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态状语从句中动词的时态； 主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3 3、几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题. .最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every , sometimes,(频度副词)on Sunday 现在进行现在进行now, at this moment , 现在完成现在完成for, since, so far, up to now, till/until, already/yet ever, never, just, in the past /last years, recently ,lately,一般过去一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行过去进行at that time ,at that moment,at ten oclock yesterday过去完成过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作作（一）一般现在时（一）一般现在时一般现在时常以do表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，应用动词的第三人称单数第三人称单数 does形式。一般现在时主要有以下几种用法：1、表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually, often, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。例如：He always sleeps with the windows open.We take a rest on Sundays.I usually walk to school, but sometimes go by bus. 2、表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。例如：He works hard .Does he like sports? 3、表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。例如：The sun rises in the east.4、在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中表将来的动作。在由when, as soon as, until, if，unless,等引导的状语从句中，常用一般现在时一般现在时 代替将来时，但应注意，主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。例如 (主将从现)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. When they leave school, they will go to college. 5、表示安排或计划好的将来动作，通常限于表示运动的动词，如：go, come, leave, start等。例如：The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning.Ill come to see you before you go. （二）一般过去时（二）一般过去时一般过去时用did 表示。用法如下： 1、表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态，常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in 1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。例如：Tom didnt come to class yesterday. We went to dance last night. 2、表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. He always went to work by bike last year.3、表示虚拟语气这一用法只适用于某些特定句型，表示现在或将来的非真实、主观意图或愿望。例如：If only I had a better memory. If it rained tomorrow, the match would be put off.（三）一般将来时三）一般将来时 一般将来时由“will/shall + do”构成。用法如下：1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, in the future, next year等连用。例如：He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.We wont be free this afternoon. 2、其他表达法（1）“be going to+动词原形”表将来这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。例如：They are going to meet outside the school gate. 还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。例如：I think Im going to die.Look at the cloud. Its going to rain. （2）“be about to+动词原形”表将来 “be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。例如：The English evening is about to start. （四）现在进行时现在进行时由“is/am/are + doing”构成。它的用法如下：1、表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作，译成汉语“正在”，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语now, at this time, at present，at the moment等连用. 例如：Im doing my homework now. Its raining hard. 2、表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语如these days , this week等连用。例如： He is writing a novel now. He is learning English at college. 3、表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, meet, move, return, do等，通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用，以区别此刻正在进行的动作。例如：He is coming to see you tomorrow. His sister is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. 4、和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等频度副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。例如：He is constantly leaving his things about.（表责怪）He is always working hard.（表赞赏）Theyre forever quarrelling about something. (表不满)（五）过去进行时（五）过去进行时过去进行时常由“was/were + doing”构成。用法如下：1、表示过去某一时刻或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 常和then, at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday等时间状语连用. 例如：It was raining at 6 oclock this morning.They were having a discussion from 7 to 9 last night. 注意：注意：在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时用过去进行时，另一个动作用一般过去时。如果表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，而不考虑动作的先后长短，则主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时。例如：When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. （六）现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has + done”构成。用法如下：1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。常与already, yet, not.yet, just, by this time等时间状语连用. 例如：I have already posted the photos. I have just finished my work. 2、表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。这种用法常用于具有延续意义的动词，如live, stay, work等，常与so far, recently, up to now, in the last few years, for ten years, since 1989等时间状语连用. 例如：They have lived in Beijing since 2002. My brother has been ill for two days. 注意：表示短暂的动作动词或状态动词不能用于这种用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。如，不能说：She has come to our school for 2 years.（七）过去完成时过去完成时由“had + done”构成。用法如下：1、过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before，after，until等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。例如：By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 2 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反。 例如：If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. Had I known that you wanted the book , I would have sent it. 3、过去完成时常用结构有“hardly, scarcely, barely when, no sooner than等副词的句子里。例如：She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang. No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. （八）、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“have/has been + doing形式”构成。用法如下：1、表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。例如：-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day. They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。2、表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。例如：I have been waiting you for about one hour. She has been working all night long.