虚拟语气张琦.ppt

Subjunctive mood(I)虚拟语气虚拟语气张琦张琦If everyone cared and nobody cried If everyone loved and nobody lied If everyone shared and swallowed their pride Wed see the day when nobody diedSubjunctive mood state a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. Subjunctive moodWe can use subjunctive mood to refer toan unreal present condition,an imaginary past action,an imaginary future situation.How,rulesHow do we use it? Do we have any rules to follow?Observe the similarities between the 2 sentences.When do the 2 sentences refer to?whats the rule of using subjunctive moodIn this situationnIf I got much money now, I would donate some to people suffering the earthquake.nIf I were on the moon at present, I might see the beautyChange.Rule 1Contrary to the present truth Similarity?If 从句从句的谓语形式的谓语形式present主句主句的谓语形式的谓语形式did（were）would/could/should/might +do time ,verbIf I _ (be) free now, I _ (travel) around the world.If I _a student like you now, I _If I were a teacher, I would_.If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth now?burstwould happenPair work:If they had had enough rain last year, they would have gained good harvest. Contrary to the past would/could/might/should have doneRule 2If 从句从句的谓语形式的谓语形式主句主句的谓语形式的谓语形式pastIf he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had hero and heroine 男女主角男女主角Having stricken an iceberg, the most luxury ship at that time sank on its first voyage.Without enough life boat, about 1500 people were killed in the tragedy.The captain of the ship was too confident and too proud. The watchman was too careless.If the watchman had been careful enough, the ship wouldnt have sunk.nIf I got time next week, I would help you.nIf my uncle should come to my house tomorrow, I might get some pocket money.nIf I were to finish my homework early this evening, I would take a walk with you.Contrary to the future future If 从句从句的谓语形式的谓语形式主句主句的谓语形式的谓语形式1.did（were）2.should+do3. were to dowould/could/should/might +doRule 3If you (get) a full mark next time, I (treat) you to a wonderful performance.Mark: 100 What would you do if you had/should have/were to have a lot of money? If I won/ were to win/ should win the lottery (彩彩票票) one day, I would.interviewhome for the agedorphan孤儿孤儿the disaster areaRed Cross一般条件句中的虚拟语气一般条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去现在现在将来将来had donewould should +have done sth.couldmightwere/didwould should + do sth.couldmightdid / were should dowere to dowould should + do sth.couldmight 1)Would, could and might are often interchangeable, but with slight differences in meaning.would intention; plancould ability; possibilitymight probability2) In written English or in formal situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. TIPS一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法1) If you had worked carefully ,you _(not make) so many mistakes.2) If you _(come) to my house yesterday,you _ (see) my cousin John. Strike while the iron is hot!wouldnt have madehad comewould have seen4) He_ (show) you the pictures he took in the summer holidays if you _(see) him tomorrow.But it seems you are too busy to go.3) If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.should showwere to seewould bewere to control5)If the hurricane had happened during the daytime,there_ (be)more deaths.would have been错综时间条件句错综时间条件句presentpast6)If you _(listen) to the doctor, you _(be) all right now.had listenedwould benComplete the followingn1.如果你昨天问他，你现在就知道怎么办。如果你昨天问他，你现在就知道怎么办。nIf you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now.n2.如果昨晚下雨，今天会很冷。如果昨晚下雨，今天会很冷。nIf it _ last night, it _ very cold today. n3.如果你昨天早点睡，现在就会有精神了。如果你昨天早点睡，现在就会有精神了。nIf you_ earlier yesterday, you_ energetic now.had askedwould knowhad rainedwould behad gone to bedwould be省略省略if if 的虚拟的虚拟条件句条件句的倒装的倒装 inverted structureinverted structure 省略省略if 的虚拟条件句的倒装的虚拟条件句的倒装, ,把把 were , had , should 提到句首提到句首 If you were the manager here, what would you do?Were you . If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he . If I had had time, I would have run around the lake again. Had I had . If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be .条件句中虚拟语气的倒装条件句中虚拟语气的倒装TIPS注意注意: 如果省略的条件句中的如果省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时谓语动词是否定形式时,不不能用能用动词的动词的缩略缩略形式形式.我们可以说: Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但是不能说: Werent it for E.g.E.g. _ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A.Hadnt; left B. Had; not leftC. If; didnt leave D. Didnt; leave 一些介词短语一些介词短语, 如如:but for(要不是要不是), without, otherwise(否则否则), or(否则）等否则）等表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件,这这时主句要用虚拟语气时主句要用虚拟语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气几个特例几个特例If she hadnt left yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today. = She left yesterday, _ she would meet the famous singer today. otherwiseWithout your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time. I had to do something more important, otherwise I might have helped.=If it hadnt been for your help,=If it hadnt been for =If I hadnt had to do .But for the Party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago.A.died B. would dieC. must have died D. would have diedWithout electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would benContrary to the present/past/futurenMixed time conditionalsnInverted structures of themSummary of this class虚拟语气解题策略虚拟语气解题策略1.1.首先判断是不是虚拟语首先判断是不是虚拟语气；气；2.2.是属于虚拟语气的哪一是属于虚拟语气的哪一类；类；（抓住标志词）（抓住标志词）3.3.准确把握虚拟语气的时准确把握虚拟语气的时间暗示；间暗示；4.4.最终确定正确的虚拟谓最终确定正确的虚拟谓语动词表现形式。语动词表现形式。2类类3时时4形形1是是 StrategyPracticenFill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.1. You didnt let me drive. If we (drive) in turn, you (not get) so tired.2. _it _(not be) for your help, I couldnt have made any progress.3. Has Mr. Smith recovered now? Yes. Who (think) that such a serious illness could be cured?4. _it _(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.had driven wouldnt have got Hadnot beenwould have thoughtWereto rain5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it (organize) better.6. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she (get) a job, she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.7. Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _ (invent) earlier.8. Well done, Jack！ Thanks. But given more time, I_ (do) it better.might have been organizedwere to get/should get/gothad been inventedcould/might/would have done单句改错单句改错1、If I am a fish ,I could swim freely in the sea.2、Had you told me earlier, I would finish the task ahead of time.3、Would Ma Li come to Beijing , I would meet her at the airport. _werehave finished_Should1. If we _ sooner, we might have got there.A. started B. had startedC. would have started D. start2. If he _ the detective honestly, he would not have been arrested.A. would have answered B. answeredC. should answer D. had answered3. Why didnt you go to the dance last night? If I _ tired, I would have.A. haven t B. hadntC. haven t been D. hadnt been4. I _ worry too much if I were you, she added.A. oughtnt B. mustntC. neednt D. wouldnt5. If I _ in this uniform, I wouldnt feel so proud.A. wasnt dressed B. didnt dressC. werent dressed D. dont dress6. If he_ on tourists for his business, he would have to close his shop.A. depends B. will dependC. depended D. has depended7. If you _ see Mr Green, give him my regards.A. should B. would C. shall D. will8. If you _ to see Mary, what would you tell her?A. are B. will be going C. must D. were 9. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come