中考复习课件--中考阅读复习课.ppt
一、一、先读问题，弄清考查要点先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。 二、二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。题。 三、三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： 1 抓住四个抓住四个W和一个和一个H，就是边读边用，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把铅笔做些标记，把What (事件事件)，When（时间），（时间），Where（地点），（地点），Why（原因），（原因），How（经过）（经过）划出来。抓住了四个划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个和一个“H”，就抓住，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。 2抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。的作用。 3 注意领会文章的寓意注意领会文章的寓意。 4根据题意，初选答案根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。除。常用的解题方法有如下几种常用的解题方法有如下几种： 直接解题法直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。即从原文中直接找出答案。 归纳解题法归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。括、归纳得出正确答案。 综合推理法综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。 题干中有题干中有suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。 捕捉关键词捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。来得出正确答案。 转换解题法转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。表示同一含义。 排除法排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。案。 四、四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。 典型例题分析典型例题分析根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. Through the hole（洞）（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot, said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）（再一次）.Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤）（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）（燃烧）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被烧完）。（被烧完）。1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _.A. at the age of sevenB. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898D. more than（超过）（超过）80 years ago 2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _.A. it was in the holeB. it was very hotC. it was orange D. it was harmful 3. How many coal fires are there in the world?A. Theres only one.B. Its hard to say.C. There are 260. D. The article（文章）（文章）doesnt tell us.A ABC4. Whats one of the best ways to put out（扑灭）（扑灭）the underground fire?A. To cover（覆盖）（覆盖）the holes with stones（石块）（石块）.B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments（试验）（试验）. 5. What is the best title（标题）（标题）for the article?A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.BB分析分析 1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据找到依据。at the age of seven 等于等于when he was seven，故正确答案为，故正确答案为 A 。 2这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接直接回答题回答题。正确答案为。正确答案为 B。 3这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接直接回答题回答题。正确答案为。正确答案为 C。 4在文章的在文章的最后一段提到最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为 B。 5完成这道题需作一定的完成这道题需作一定的归纳归纳，因为文章中，因为文章中没有给没有给出直接的回答出直接的回答。文章从。文章从Mr Brown两次看火，然后说出地两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为的中心。故正确答案为 B。 一、根据文章内容判断正误一、根据文章内容判断正误 Fred telephoned his wife. “Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased. They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “Its very strange,” he said. “They arent here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werent there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬尴尬). “Whats the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasnt going home, I left it in the office!” ( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.( ) 5. Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets. 1 1、T T 因为第一段中提到因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife Fred told his wife “Ive “Ive got two free tickets got two free tickets” “free” ” “free” 此处是免费的意思。此处是免费的意思。 2 2、F F 第二段中提到第二段中提到“They hadnThey hadnt been to the theatert been to the theater for a long time.” for a long time.” 3 3、F F 第一段中第一段中FredFred说说“Meet me outside the office.”Meet me outside the office.” 4 4、T T 第二段中第二段中“in time”in time”是及时的意思。是及时的意思。5 5T T 结尾处提到的。结尾处提到的。 David McConnell sold books from door to door. Housewives(家庭主妇家庭主妇)were not interested in the books. Usually before he had enough time to say anything about his books, the women closed their doors. But he didnt give up. McConnell decided to bring each of them a present, a small bottle of perfume(香水香水)made by himself. He soon found that the women liked the perfume better than the books. He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company “Avon”, which is a great success.When you do nothing, you learn nothing. But when you try, even though you are not successful, you will learn what doesnt work and that puts you closer to what will work. It doesnt matter how many times you are not successful. It does matter that you will be successful one day. Edison was not on the way to success until people bought his first invention. Success once is enough for Edison. And the same for yousuccess once is enough.( ) 1. McConnell was successful as a book-seller.( ) 2. McConnell hoped those women would buy his books if he brought them each a present.( ) 3. If you do nothing at all, you will never be successful.( ) 4. Edison was successful at the very beginning.( ) 5. The writer encouraged us to try as much as we can.F T T F TF T T F T1 1、F F 从第一段从第一段“He stopped selling books to He stopped selling books to sell perfume stead.”sell perfume stead.”，可以判断出他在推销书，可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成功。方面并不成功。2 2、T T 第一段第三行提到第一段第三行提到“McConnell decided to McConnell decided to bring each of them a present,bring each of them a present,”。3 3、T T 这句是第二段前两句的解释。这句是第二段前两句的解释。4 4、F F 最后一段，第一句说明最后一段，第一句说明Edison Edison 的发明被人的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路。们认可后才走上了成功之路。5 5、T T 第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。 Sociologists( Sociologists(社会学家社会学家), ), working in western working in western countries, have found that countries, have found that a large number ofa large number of women wished they had been born men. The number women wished they had been born men. The number is said to be is said to be as high asas high as 60% in Germany. 60% in Germany.“Women often wish they had the same chances as “Women often wish they had the same chances as men have, and think it is still mens world,” men have, and think it is still mens world,” said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who said Dr James Helen, one of the sociologists who did the did the studystudy. .Many men say that they have Many men say that they have moremore duties duties than than women. A man has to make money to support(women. A man has to make money to support(养养活活) )his family and to make the important decision, his family and to make the important decision, so so it is right for men to be paid moreit is right for men to be paid more. Some are . Some are even against their wives working at all. When even against their wives working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and wives go out to work, they say, the home and children cannot bechildren cannot betaken good care of. If women take full-time taken good care of. If women take full-time jobs, they wont jobs, they wont be able tobe able to do what they do what they are are best at doingbest at doing: making a nice home and bringing : making a nice home and bringing up the children.up the children.Some women disagree. They say they want to get Some women disagree. They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(out of their homes and to have freedom(自由自由) ) to to choose choose betweenbetween work work andand home life. Women have home life. Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(the right of equal pay and equal chances(平等机平等机会会).).Anne Harper has a very good job. She also Anne Harper has a very good job. She also believes in “Womens Liberation(believes in “Womens Liberation(解放解放).” “).” “I I dont wish I were a mandont wish I were a man, ”she says, “and I , ”she says, “and I dont think many women do. But I do wish dont think many women do. But I do wish people would stop treating(people would stop treating(对待对待) ) us like us like secondsecondclass people. class people. At work, for example, we usually do the At work, for example, we usually do the work that men do but get paid less. There work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs only to menare still a lot of jobs only to menusually they are the best ones. If you are usually they are the best ones. If you are a man, you have a a man, you have a much bettermuch better chance of chance of living a wonderful life. How many women living a wonderful life. How many women scientists are therescientists are thereor engineers?”or engineers?”( ) 1. many men think_.( ) 1. many men think_. A. women cant do what men can A. women cant do what men can B. men have to work much harder than B. men have to work much harder than womenwomen C. men can make money more easily than C. men can make money more easily than womenwomen D. womens duty is mainly to do D. womens duty is mainly to do housework at homehousework at home1 1、D D 这是一道概括主旨的题，答此题的依据是第这是一道概括主旨的题，答此题的依据是第三段内容。这段开头两句话说的是重男，那么不言三段内容。这段开头两句话说的是重男，那么不言而喻，家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担；另而喻，家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担；另有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作。可见，不少有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作。可见，不少男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务。男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务。( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, ( ) 2. Some women have different ideas, They say that_.They say that_.A. women need chances to go out of the A. women need chances to go out of the home more oftenhome more oftenB. women want more freedom in deciding B. women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they wantthe kind of life they wantC. if women are given equal pay, they C. if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of mencan do everything instead of menD. women are no longer interested in D. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homestaking care of their homes2 2、B B 一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了他们的意见。这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意他们的意见。这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意图图-争取人权平等，妇女自由，男女平等。争取人权平等，妇女自由，男女平等。( ) 3. Anne Harper didn( ) 3. Anne Harper didnt wish to be a t wish to be a man_.man_.A. because she believed in “Womens A. because she believed in “Womens Liberation”Liberation”B. but she wished to get the same jobs as menB. but she wished to get the same jobs as menC. because she had got a good job C. because she had got a good job D. but she wished to treated the same as a manD. but she wished to treated the same as a man3 3、D D 安妮安妮. .哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望社会像对待男士一样对待她。该题是一考查细社会像对待男士一样对待她。该题是一考查细节的题，答案在最后一段。节的题，答案在最后一段。( ) 4. Anne Harper thought that_.( ) 4. Anne Harper thought that_.A. women should live a better life than men A. women should live a better life than men B. women should be really liberatedB. women should be really liberatedC. women should be given better jobs than menC. women should be given better jobs than menD. women should live a more wonderful lifeD. women should live a more wonderful life4 4、B B 安妮安妮. .哈珀的想法正是作者的意图，如哈珀的想法正是作者的意图，如最后一段写到：最后一段写到：She also believes in She also believes in “Womens Liberation.” “Womens Liberation.” 然后她又列举了然后她又列举了许多事实，其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点。许多事实，其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点。( ) 5. Which of the following is not true ( ) 5. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?according to the passage?A. There are more men scientists, engineers A. There are more men scientists, engineers than women ones.than women ones.B. Women are secondB. Women are secondclass people, so they class people, so they shouldnshouldnt live a better life.t live a better life.C. Women do the same jobs as men, but get paid C. Women do the same jobs as men, but get paid less than men.less than men.D. There are some best Jobs that women have D. There are some best Jobs that women have few chances to take.few chances to take.5 5、B B 选题选题B B的观点在文中没有出现。文中男士尽管的观点在文中没有出现。文中男士尽管摆出种种理由，但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇摆出种种理由，但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女的观点，即把妇女作为二等公民，认为妇女不应生女的观点，即把妇女作为二等公民，认为妇女不应生活的更美好。活的更美好。 Have you ever held a toy balloon ( Have you ever held a toy balloon (气球气球)? )? They are very light. But there are much They are very light. But there are much bigger balloons. These balloons can fly bigger balloons. These balloons can fly very high up in the sky. They are very high up in the sky. They are big big enough toenough to carry people. They are called carry people. They are called hothot- -air balloons.air balloons. To make a hot To make a hot- -air balloon go up, air balloon go up, turn on turn on the burnerthe burner ( (燃烧器燃烧器). ). That will make the air That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up.will go up. To make the balloon go down, turn off the To make the balloon go down, turn off the burner. The air inside the balloon will get burner. The air inside the balloon will get cooler. Then the balloon will go down.cooler. Then the balloon will go down. Underneath (Underneath (在在下面下面) ) the balloon there is a the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot (large basket. That is where the pilot (飞行员飞行员) ) and the passengers (and the passengers (乘客乘客) ) go.go.The burner is just above the basket. You can The burner is just above the basket. You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off. The balloon will go where the wind blows it. off. The balloon will go where the wind blows it. Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? First First make suremake sure the wind is blowing the right way! the wind is blowing the right way! People have been flying in hot-air balloons People have been flying in hot-a
