(181页】 最新中考(通用版】中考英语复习要点语法知识点汇总(最全的短语搭配大全】.pdf
(181(181 页页) 2019) 2019 年中考(通用版)中考英语复习要点语年中考(通用版)中考英语复习要点语法知识点汇总(最全的短语搭配大全)法知识点汇总(最全的短语搭配大全)知识点总结:mind 的用法:你真的 mind 吗 .知识点总结:英语中的各种“穿”的用法区别.知识点总结:had better的用法讲解.知识点总结:with 用法全解 .知识点总结:用心去“发现”区别.知识点总结:for;since.知识点总结:must 用法详解.知识点总结:pick up 的意义知多少 .知识点总结:if 和 whether 用法.知识点总结:分类词汇:关于城市的常见英语词汇.知识点总结:巧记单词 词语点(strict 与 look up) .知识点总结:使用 asleep 应注意的三点 .知识点总结:and 的五种用法.知识点总结:good 与 well 的用法比较 .知识点总结:when, while, as 的用法区别.知识点总结:add 的几个短语.知识点总结:all 与 whole 的区别 .知识点总结:ago 与 before的区别 .知识点总结:every 与 each 的用法区别 .知识点总结:mind 的用法 .知识点总结:and 还是 or .知识点总结:almost 与 nearly 的用法异同.知识点总结:sometime, some time, sometimes的用法区别.知识点总结:much too 与 too much 的用法区别.知识点总结:every 与 each 的用法区别 .知识点总结:(a) few与(a) little 的用法区别 .知识点总结:ahead of 与 go ahead.知识点总结:有关 air 的三个常用短语.知识点总结:all 短语用法详解 .知识点总结:有关 angry 的三个搭配.知识点总结:advise 用法详解 .知识点总结:afraid 用法详解 .1知识点总结:谈谈 and all 的用法.知识点总结:about 重要用法归纳 .知识点总结:使用 abroad的几个易错说明 .知识点总结: alone 与 by oneself 的区别 .知识点总结:always用法说明.知识点总结:about,on,with 的用法区别.知识点总结:across,along,through的用法区别.知识点总结:after 与 in 的用法区别 .知识点总结:among 与 between 的用法区别 .知识点总结:answer 与 reply.知识点总结:anxious 与 eager .知识点总结:appear, look与 seem .知识点总结:arrive, get 与 reach .知识点总结:beat, hit, strike的区别 .知识点总结:wrong 的用法 .知识点总结:would 与 used to 的区别.知识点总结:形容词 ashamed 的两个搭配 .知识点总结:ask 短语用法归纳 .知识点总结:attend to的用法.知识点总结:attention搭配大全.知识点总结:behind 用法与搭配 .知识点总结:beginning 习语归纳.知识点总结:bed 短语归纳.知识点总结:bad 搭配三用法.知识点总结:介词 above 用法详解.知识点总结:across 的用法与易错说明.知识点总结:at, in 与 on 的用法区别 .知识点总结:almost 与 nearly 用法区别详解.知识点总结:你知道 what,which,who 的区别吗 .知识点总结:arrive, get 与 reach 的用法区别 .知识点总结:leave与 forget的用法区别.知识点总结:feel like用法小结 .知识点总结:borrow 与 lend 的三大区别.知识点总结:because of 的用法 .知识点总结:word 的搭配与用法 .知识点总结:without 的几条用法说明 .知识点总结:英语中只能用复数形式的名词.知识点总结:初中英语词汇短语.2知识点总结知识点总结:mindmind 的用法:你真的的用法:你真的 mindmind 吗吗1Vt. 照看、照管, = look after = take care of的意思,例如:He promised to mind the baby while we were out.Mind your own business!管好你自己的事情。2Vt. 当心、注意,例如:Mind the wet paint.当心,油漆未干!Mind you dont fall.小心别跌倒。Mind, there comes the bus.注意,车来了。3Vt.在乎、介意,常用于问句、否定句或条件从句,例如:Do you mind if I smoke?= Do you mind my/me smoking?If you do that, I will never mind.= I will never mind you/your doing that.4UC. 心、精神、智力、头脑、理性,例如:My difficulty is always in her mind.He has a quick mind.他头脑反应快。He lost his mind.他失去理智/发疯。He is absent-minded.他心不在焉。5CN. 意见、想法、记忆、有聪慧头脑的人,例如:She always speaks her mind.(直言不讳)Out of sight, out of mind.(眼不见,心不想)So many men, so many minds.(人各有志)He is one of todays greatest minds. (伟人)知识点总结知识点总结:英语中的各种“穿”的用法区别:英语中的各种“穿”的用法区别put on, pull on, wear,have on , dress ,in 的用法区别(1)put on 和 pull on 穿上;戴上。相当于及物动词,以衣物作宾语,着重于穿、戴的动作。put on 为普通用语;pull on 多用于穿袜子、戴手套或比较随便地穿上。Its cold outside.Youd better put on your hat. 外面很冷,你最好戴上帽子。She put /pulled on her coat and went out of the room hurriedly. 她穿上大衣,匆忙地走了。1(2)wear 和 have on 穿着;戴着。相当于及物动词,有衣物作宾语,着重于穿、戴的状态。have on 不用于进行时态。He always wears/has on black shoes.她一直穿着黑鞋。She is wearing/has on a red coat她穿着红大衣。(3)dress 穿;戴。可用作及物动词,以人作宾语,即dress sb.(给某人穿衣) ;也可用作不及物动词。 既可强调动作, 又可表示状态, 表示状态时常用 be dressed in 结构。 此外 dress还可用作名词。Mary is dressing her daughter.玛丽正给她女儿穿衣服。She usually dresses well.她总是穿得很好。He is dressed in a black jacket.他穿着黑上衣。(4)in 穿着;戴着。是介词,以衣物或表示颜色的名词作宾语,表示状态。构成的介词短词可作表语或定语。My brother is in a blue jacket.我弟弟穿着蓝上衣。The boy in a blue jacket is my brother. 穿蓝上衣的孩子是我弟弟。My brother is in blue.我弟弟穿着蓝衣服。had better 的用法讲解知识点总结知识点总结:had betterhad better 的用法讲解的用法讲解1.had better的基本用法特点其意为“最好” 、 “应该” ,后接动词原形,与情态动词should 用法相似,其中的had 通常缩略为d。如:Youd better get some sleep你最好去睡一会儿。We had better go before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。2.had better如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时, 通常将 not 置于 had better之后 (而不是 had 之后) ; 而构成疑问式时,则通常将 had(而不是 had better)置于主语之前。如:Id better not disturb him我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do?我们最好怎么办?【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not 与 had 连用。2如:Hadnt we better go now?我们是不是现在就去呢?3.had better后接进行式和完成式动词有时后接动词的进行式, 表示最好马上做某事;也可接完成式动词, 表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做某事。如:I think Id better be going我想我最好还是马上走。Youd better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好马上把衣服准备好。You had better have done that. 你最好把那事做完。You had better have stayed here.你本来应该呆在这儿的。4.有关 had better的几点用法说明(1)had better用于提出建议或请求时,并不是一个很客气委婉的表达,它暗示对方有义务去做某事,因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等,而不宜反过来用。(2)had best与 had better用法和含义均差不多,但不如had better普通。如:You had best get home before mid-night 你最好在午夜之前回到家里。We had best be going我们最好现在就走。(3)有时可省略其中的had。如:You better stop arguing你们最好不要争论了。Better not wait for him.最好不要等他了。Better say yes, if they ask you.如果他们问你,你最好说“是” 。(4)有时为了强调,可将better 置于 had 之前。“I promise Ill pay you back.” “You better had.” “我保证还给你。 ” “你最好还给我。 ”知识点总结知识点总结:withwith 用法全解用法全解with 结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。 本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。一、 with 结构的构成它是由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词 with 或 without 的复合宾3语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当, 第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With 结构构成方式如下:1. with 或 without-名词/代词+形容词;2. with 或 without-名词/代词+副词;3. with 或 without-名词/代词+介词短语;4. with 或 without-名词/代词 +动词不定式;5. with 或 without-名词/代词 +分词。下面分别举例:1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。 (with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。 ) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind tome. (with+名词+不定式, 作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him. (without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Withoutanything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。 学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。 本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。二、with 结构的用法with 是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中 with 结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句) 。1. 带着,牵着 (表动作特征)。如:Run with the kite like this.2. 附加、附带着(表事物特征)。如:A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.3. 和 (某人)一起。4a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈) 。如:Now I am in China with my parents.Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.He / Shes talking with a friend.b. 跟 go, come 连用,有 加入到某方的意思。如:Do you want to come with me?4. 和 play 一起构成短语动词 playwith 意为玩耍,玩弄 如:Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.5. 与 help 一起构成 help.with.句式,意为帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)。如:On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.6. 表示面部神情,有“含着,带着” 如:Im late for school, said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.7. 表示 用 如:You play it with your feet.What do the farmers do with your machines?8. 表示 对, 关于。如:Whats wrong with it?Theres something wrong with my computer.三、with 结构的特点1. with 结构由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说, 可以用第一部分作主语, 第二部分作谓语, 构成一个句子。 例如:With him taken care of, we felt quite relieved.(欣慰) (He was taken good care of. )She fell asleep with the light burning. (The light wasburning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. (Her hair was gone.)2. 在 with 结构中, 第一部分为人称代词时, 则该用宾格代词。 例如:He could not finishit without me to help him.四、几点重要的考点说明:1. with 结构在句子中的位置: with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开; 表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面, 不用逗号5分开。若 with 结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。2. with 结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别:在with 结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成。例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)With the boy to lead the way, we will find the house easily tomorrow. (小男孩明天将领路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3. with 结构与一般的 with 短语的区别: with 结构具有上述功能和特点, 而介词 with+名词或代词(组)组成的一般的 with 短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with 短语中,with 后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。4. with 结构与独立主格结构的关系: with 结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词 with 或 without 引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散;而独立主格结构没有with 或 without 引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with 结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能;独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with 结构则不能。独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而 with 结构较口语化,较常用。例如:There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. (with+复合宾语结构,在句中作定语)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high. (名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised. (独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况) board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)知识点总结知识点总结:用心去“发现”区别:用心去“发现”区别1discover; look for;find;find out;invent6discover 指发现或偶然发现原来就存在但一直未被认识的事物。例如:Who discovered America in 1492?是谁在 1492 年发现美洲大陆的?It was discovered in Liaoning Province它是在辽宁省被发现的。look for 作“寻找”解时,指寻找的动作和过程。例如:Are you still looking for that place?你还在找那个地方吗?find 指寻找的结果,即“找到” ,通常指偶然发现。例如:Im looking for my pen,but I cant find it我在找我的钢笔,但是没找到。My bike was found last week我的自行车是上星期找到的。find out 指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来,搞清楚,弄明白。例如:Please find out when the train leaves请查一下火车什么时候开。When he was a child,he liked to find out how things worked当他还是个孩子时,就爱弄明白各种事物的来龙去脉。invent 指发明原来不存在的东西。例如:Who invented the computer?谁发明了电脑?In the seventeenth century an adding machine was invented十七世纪时,加法机被发明了。2found;foundedfound 既是不规则动词 find 的过去式和过去分词, 本身又是一个原形动词, 意为 “建立” 、“成立” 。例如:My father found work in Paris我父亲在巴黎找到了工作。He was trying to found a new hospital他在努力创建一家新医院。founded为规则动词 found 的过去式和过去分词。例如:The PRC was founded on October 1,1949中华人民共和国成立于1949 年 10 月 1 日。for 与 since 的辨析知识点总结知识点总结:forfor;sincesincefor 与 since 都能与现在完成时连用,但区别较大:for 后须接“时间段” ,since 后须接“时间点” ,二者可以转换,均须与延续性动词连用,也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long 提问。如:He has been here for two yearsHe has been here since two years ago他来这里已有两7年了。How long have you had this book?这本书你买多久了?For a weekSince a week ago买一周了。We havent heard from him for a month 我们已有一个月没收到他的来信了。since 能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时) ,而 for 则不能。如:He has taught here since he came to China 自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。 It is hasbeen an hour since he left here他离开这儿已有一小时了。知识点总结知识点总结:mustmust 用法详解用法详解1. 表示“必须” 、 “一定要”(1) 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句;用于否定句时,mustnt 的意思是“一定不要” 、“不能” ,而不是“不必” 。如:You must finish it today. 你一定要在今天完成它。You must see the doctor. 你一定要看医生。Must you go so soon? 你一定得这么早就走吗?We mustnt think only of ourselves. 我们可不能只考虑自己。(2) 主要表示现在或将来,但有时(如在间接引语中)也可表过去(=had to)。如:She asked if she must (had to) leave. 她问她是否一定要离开。(3) 对于 must 开头一般疑问句,若要作否定回答,可用neednt、dont have to,不用mustnt。如:Must I come over tonight? No, you neednt. “我今晚必须过来吗?” “不必。 ”(4) 其后可接被动结构或进行形式。如:Something must be done to stop it. 必须采取措施来阻止它。I think I must be going. 我想我得走了。2. 表示推测意为“准是” 、 “一定是” ,注意以下几点。如:(1) 通常只用于肯定句,在否定句或疑问句用 can 代之。如:It must be true. 那一定是真的。比较。如:Can it be true? 那可能是真的吗? / It cant be true. 那不可能是真的。8(2) 后接动词原形,表示对现在情况的推测。如:He must be wrong. 他一定错了。The man must have a lot of money. 这个人一定有不少钱。【注】 must 表示对现在情况的推测后接动词原形时, 该动词通常为状态动词(如 be, have,know 等), 若为动作动词, 通常要转换其他说法。 如要表示 “他一定会赢” , 通常不说 He mustwin,可说 He is sure to win。(He must win 的意思是“他必须要赢”)(3) 其后可接进行式或完成进行式,用以谈论一个正在进行的动作。如:He must be writing a letter to his girl friend. 他一定在给他女朋友写信。Someone must have been smoking here一定有人一直在这里抽烟。(4) 后接完成式,用来谈论已发生的情况。如:He must have arrived already他一定已经到了。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没有听到电话铃,我一定是睡着了。3. 表示“应当”相当于 should, ought to的意思。如:You must say hello to her你应当跟她打个招呼。We must go and have a weekend there 我们应当到那里度周末。4. 表示“偏偏”有时表示不巧,有时表示固执,通常都是指令人不快的事。如:Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗?Why must you always interrupt me? 你为什么硬是老要打断我?We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold. 我们刚准备好要走, 可孩子偏偏得了感冒。Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter. 正当我忙碌的时候,邻居偏偏过来聊天。知识点总结知识点总结:pick uppick up 的意义知多少的意义知多少1. pick up 最基本的含义是“拾起;捡起;拿起”?例如:The Young Pioneer turned over to the police the wallet he had picked up in the street. 那位少先队员把他在街上拾到的钱包交给了警察?Having played for a while, the boys picked up their school bags from the ground and went9home. 男孩子们玩耍了一阵子之后,便从地上捡起书包回家去了?She picked up the dictionary and began to look up the new word in it.她拿起词典,开始查这个生词?2. pick up 有“(用车)接(某人);(中途)搭载(乘客)”之意?例如:Wait here and Ill pick you up at three oclock. 在这儿等着,三点钟我用车来接你?The bus stopped several times to pick up passengers. 汽车沿途停了好几次,让乘客上车?3. pick up 有“(无线电等)收听到;(雷达等)测知”之意?例如:I picked up Fujian on the radio last night. 我昨天晚上收听到了福建广播电台?An intruding enemy plane was picked up by our radar then. 当时我方雷达发现了一架入侵的敌机?4. pick up 有“意外发现;无意中学到;意外获得”之意?例如:Looking through the evening paper last night, I picked up a beautiful poem.昨晚在浏览晚报时,我偶然发现上面有一首好诗?While working on the farm, the students picked up a lot of knowledge on agriculture.在农场劳动时,学生们学到许多农业方面的知识?Besides his regular wages, the driver picks up money in tips.除领取正常工资外,那位司机还可以收到小费?5. pick up 有“使人精神振作;使人恢复健康”之意?例如:A good rest picked the tired players up. 好好地休息了一下,这些疲惫的运动员们便精神振作起来?A bit of exercise will pick the patient up. 稍微运动运动就能使这位病人恢复健康?6. pick up 有“收拾;整理”之意?例如:Lets pick up everything on the floor and get the room tidy before we go out. 我们出去之前,先把地板上的东西收拾干净,再把房间搞整洁?The teacher told the students to pick up the books and the exercise books on the desks. 老师叫学生们把书桌上的课本和练习本整理好?7. pick up 有“购买;提取”之意?例如:His wife told him to pick up some picture books for the children on his way back. 他妻子叫他在回家的路上给孩子们买几本连环画书?He went to the left-luggage office to pick up his bags just now.他刚才去行李寄存处取回10了他的包?8. pick up 有“看到;瞥见”之意?例如:When we picked up the pagoda in the distance, we knew we were nearing the city. 一看到远处的宝塔,我们就知道离那个城市不远了?Upon picking up the rags, the old man couldnt help thinking of the bitter life beforeliberation. 一瞥见那些破衣烂衫,老人就忍不住想起解放前的悲惨生活?9. pick up 有“(跌倒后)重新爬起来”之意?例如:She fell on the slippery road, but quickly picked herself up. 她滑倒在路上,但马上又爬了起来?The mother told her child who had fallen over to pick himself up.那个母亲告诉孩子,跌倒了自己爬起来?10. pick up 有“重提(话题等);继续(谈)”之意?例如:He picked up the story where he had left it the day before. 他接着往下讲前一天没有讲完的故事?After the break, she picked up our conversation. 休息后她继续和我们谈话?11. pick up 有“营救;抢救”之意?例如:Survivors of the shipwreck were picked up by small boats.失事船上的幸存者被几艘小船救了上来?Although the fire spread through the hospital very quickly, the firemen were able to pick upall the patients. 大火在这家医院里迅速蔓延开来,但消防队员们却成功地把所有的病人都救了出来?12. pick up 也有“逮住;抓住”之意?例如:The fleeing culprit was picked up within twenty-four hours. 那名逃犯在二十四小时之内就被抓获了?The thief was picked up stealing and was taken to the police station. 那个盗贼在作案时被抓住,并被带到了警察局?13. pick up 也有“闻有(味道);嗅出(气味)”的意思?例如:While reading, she suddenly picked up something burning. 她在看书时,突然闻到有什么东西烧着了?The hound picked up the foxs smell and started to chase after it.猎犬嗅出了狐狸的气味,11便开始跟踪追赶?14. pick up 还有“(天气)变晴;(产量)上升;(速度)加快”之意?例如:It looks as though the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就要变晴了?The output picked up again in the following year.第二年产量又上去了?About two kilometres out of the station, the train began to pick up speed. 驶出车站大约两公里之后,火车便开始加快速度?知识点总结知识点总结:ifif 和和 whether whether 用法用法whether 和 if 用法相同吗?老师有时相同,有时不同。whether 和 if 都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否” ,在一般情况下可以互换。if 多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether 则多用于比较正式的文体中。例如:She asked me ifwhether I could help her with her English她问我是否能帮她学英语。I dont know ifwhether it is going to rain我不知道是否会下雨。它们之间的相同点我已明白。它们之间有什么不同呢?老师在下列六种情况下,只能用whether,不能用 if:1在带 to 的动词不定式前。例如:She hasnt decided whether to go or not她还没有决定去还是不去。He doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。2在介词后面。例如:Im thinking of whether we should go fishing我在想