(仁爱版)英语七年级下册各单元知识点归纳.pdf

（仁爱版）英语七年级下册各单元知识点归纳Unit 5 Topic1Unit 5 Topic1重点语法重点语法一般现在时（常与频度副词never, seldom, sometimes, often,usually,always 等连用）重点句型重点句型How do you usually come to school?I usually come to school by subway.How often do you go to the library?Once/Twice/Three times a week/Very often/Every day/Sedom重点详解重点详解1.I always come to school by bus.by+交通工具名称，表示使用某种交通方式，中间不加限定词，如果交通工具前有 a, the, my 等限定词，就不能用 by,而是用 in 或是 on.on the train=by trainon his bike=by bikein my car=by car.巧巧辩辩异异同同on footon foot 与与 walkwalkon footon foot “走路”，是介词短语，不能作谓语， 只作方式状语，位于句末。walk “走路”,是动词，可以作谓语。go toon foot= walk toI often go to school on foot. =I often walk to school.同样，go to.by bike = ride a bike togo to. by car = drive a car togo to by plane = fly togo to by bus = take a bus to2 .Come on! Its time for e on “快点，加油，来吧”。Its time for sth. “该做某事了”，与 Its time to do sth.意思一样。3 .looklook 的短语的短语look the same看起来一样look like 看起来像look for 寻找look after 照顾4 .do my homework at school 在学校做作业do ones homework 做家庭作业（注意注意：ones 要随主语的变化而变化，常用形容词性物主代词 my, your, their, our, his, her等） 。5 we want to know about the school life of American students. 我们想了解一下美国学 生的学校生活。know about “了解，知道关于” 。6 巧巧辩辩异异同同a fewa few 与与 fewfewa fewa few “一些” ，few“很少，几乎没有” ，修饰可数名词。a littlea little 与与 littlelittlea little“一些” ，little“很少，几乎没有” ，修饰不可数名词。7 They often play basketball or soccer, go swimming and so on. go swimming 去游泳and so on “等等” ，表示还有很多。拓展拓展 go+v.-inggo+v.-ing 表示去做某事表示去做某事， 类似的有：go fishing 去钓鱼go shopping去买东西go boating 去划船go skating 去滑冰8 How often do you go to the library?你多久去一次图书馆？how often“多久一次” ，问频率。答语常用频度副词never, always,often等或单位时间内的次数once a week 一周一次 twice a month 每月两次 three times a year 每年三次语法讲解语法讲解一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时表示：（1）现在所处的状态。Jane is at school.（2）经常或习惯性的动作。I often go to school by bus.（3）主语具备的性格和能力。He likes playing football.（4）客观真理。The earth goes round the sun.常用的时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等等。行为动词的一般现在时，助动词是 do/dont 和 does/doesnt.当主语是第一、二人称和所有复数形式时，行为动词用原形。肯定式：I go to school on foot.否定式：I dont go to school on foot.疑问式：Do you go to school on foot?Yes, I do. No, I dont.当主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式，在词尾加-s 或-es。肯定式：He goes to work by bus.否定式：He doesnt go to work by bus.疑问式：Does he go to work by bus?Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Topic2Topic2重点语法重点语法现在进行时态。重点句型重点句型What are you doing?He is cleaning the dormitory.Are you doing your homework?Yes, I am./No, I am not.How long can I keep them?Two weeks.重点详解重点详解1 at the moment“此刻，现在”,相当于 now.2 巧巧辩辩异异同同go to sleepgo to sleep 与与 go to bedgo to bed go to bed“上床” “就寝”I often go to bed at ten. go to sleep“入睡” “睡着”Last night I went to sleep at two oclock.3 巧巧辩辩异异同同 some, a fewsome, a few 与与 a littlea little“一些，有些”三者都修饰名词。some 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。We want some apples and some water.a few 用在可数名词复数之前，a little 用在不可数名词之前。There are a few books and a little waterin the classroom.4 与与 howhow 相关的短语相关的短语how often 多常how many 多少 how much 多少钱how old 多大5 And you must return them on time.你必须按时归还它们。Return 意为“归还，回归” return sth. to sb.把某物归还某人=give back sth. to sb. return to“回到” ，相当于 come back to6 Maria and a girl are talking at the lost and found.talk“交谈” ，常用的短语 talk to/with sb.“与某人交谈”巧巧辩辩异异同同 t ta al lk k, , s sa ay y, , s sp pe ea ak k 与与 t te el ll l(1) talk“交谈” ，表示通过谈话方式交换意见、消息等。(2) speak“说话” ，强调开口发声，后常接某种语言。(3) say “说” ，强调所说的话的内容。(4) tell“告诉” ，有时兼含“嘱咐” “命令”等。tell a truth 说真话，tell a lie 说谎, tell a story 讲故事等固定搭配。7.I cant find my purse and I am looking for it. look for“寻找” ，强调寻找的过程； find “找到”强调找的结果。8 .look(at), see 与 readlook(at)指看的动作，see 指看的结果，read 常指看书、看报纸等。9 .Here are some photos of his.这有他的一些照片。photos of his 是双重所有格。his 是名词性物主代词，后还可以接名词所有格。a friend of mine 我的一个朋友a classmate of my brothers 我弟弟的一个同学10 .I also want to go there one day.我也希望有一天到那儿。also 意为“也” ，常用于 be 动词和情态动词后面，实义动词的前面。巧辩异同巧辩异同 alsoalso 与与 tootooalso 放在句中，too 用于句末。语法讲解语法讲解现在进行时现在进行时1.现在进行时表示：现在正在进行或发生的动作。2.常用的时间状语：now, at the moment, look, listen等。3.谓语动词构成：be(am/is/are)+v.-ing形式。4.现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式。（1）肯定式：I am running.You are running.He/She is running.（2）否定式：Im not running.You arent running.He/She isnt running.（3）一般疑问句及回答：Are you running?Yes, I am./No, I am not.Is he/she running? Yes, he/she is./ No. he/she isnt.Topic3Topic3重点语法重点语法一般现在时和现在进行时的使用和异同。重点句型重点句型What day is ti today? Its Wednesday.Why do you like it? its easy and interesting.What class are they having? They are having a music class.重点详解重点详解1 询问星期几用 What day？回答：Its Wednesday/Sunday。与特殊疑问句词 what 有关的短语：what class 什么班 what color 什么颜色what time 几点 what date 几号（日期）2 How many lessons does he have every weekday?How many+可数名词的复数形式；How much+不可数名词。3 一个星期的第一天是 Sunday, 在星期几前用介词 on,在具体点钟前用 at.4learning about the past 了解过去learn about了解 拓展拓展learn from 向学习learn by oneself自学5What do you think of? = How do you like?你认为怎么样？6Why? Because its interesting. 用 why 提问必须用 because 回答。7Which subject do you like best?你最喜欢什么科目？like best 最喜欢，可用 favorite“特别喜爱的”转换。8be friendly to sb. 对某人友好9I can learn a lot from it.我能从中学到很多东西。(1) learnfrom“从学习” 。(2) a lot = much“许多” ，后接宾语时要说 a lot of 也可以表示“非常，十分” 。Unit6Unit6Topic1Topic1重点语法重点语法There be 句型和方位介词短语。重点句型重点句型There are two bedrooms and a a small study.There is a lamp, a computer, some books and so on.Is there a computer in your study? Yes, there is.Dont put them here. Put them away.重点讲解重点讲解1Its on the second floor.在哪一层楼，用介词 on。on 表示在上面。second 是序数词，前面要用定冠词 the, 意为第二（的） 。巧巧辩辩异异同同 twotwo 与与 secondsecondtwo 是基数词，second 是序数词， “第二”或“第二的” ，指排列顺序。2in 在里面，是方位介词。in the boxin the classroomIs there? 表示某地存在吗？其肯定回答是：Yes, there is. 否定回答 No,there isnt.它的复数形式为 Are there? 其肯定回答是：Yes, there are. 否定回答 No, there arent.3巧巧辩辩异异同同 there bethere be与与 havehave(1) there be“有” ，指（某地）存在“有” 。(2) have “有” ， 指人或某物 “拥有” 。The is a dog in the picture. The dog has two big eyes.注：注：there bethere bebebeis is 还是还是，取决于离该动词最近的那个，取决于离该动词最近的那个 遵循就近原则。遵循就近原则。 用用 areare 名词。如果该名词是单数或不可数名词就用名词。如果该名词是单数或不可数名词就用 is is，如果是复数就用，如果是复数就用。 areare 4have a look 看看。后面接名词时要用at. 如 have a look at your watch.5talk about“谈论，议论” ，后接名词或动名词。talk with/to “与某人交谈”6用来询问某地有某物， 其结构为： Whats+介词短语， 回答时应用 there be 句型。7play with“和玩耍” ， “玩”play with sb.“与某人一起玩”8put away 把放好9look after“保管，照顾” ，相当于 take care of.look at看look like看起来像 look for寻找 look the same看起来一样10巧巧辩辩异异同同 in the treein the tree 与与 on the treeon the tree(1) in the tree 指外来物体在树上。(2) on the tree 树木本身长出来的花、树叶等。11巧巧辩辩异异同同 like doinglike doing 与与 like to dolike to dolike doing 表示经经常性或习惯性的兴趣、爱好。与love doing 相似。like to do 表示偶尔的、一次性的喜欢。与love to do 相似。12Im very glad to get a letter from you.我很高兴收到你的来信。get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信hear from sb.Topic2Topic2重点语法重点语法There be 句型Wh-questions重点句型重点句型Whats your home like?Whats the matter?Sorry, I cant hear you.Ill get someone to check it right now.There is something wrong with my kitchen fan.重点讲解重点讲解1house with three bedrooms.有三间卧室的房子。with “有，带有”。With还可以意为“和（某人/某物）在一起”2apartment for a family of two.适合两口之家的公寓。(1) for 表示“给”表示目的或功能。后接物主代词或名词，但通常带 s.或者后接表示无生命物体的名词。Here is a letter for you.(2)of 的含义为“属于某人/某事物” 。She is a friend of Lilys. = Shes is Lilys friend.3Whats the matter?怎么了？该句常用来询问某或某物出了什么什么问题或毛病； 询问具体某人或某物出了什么问题时，还可以表达为：Whats the matter with sb./sth.某人或某物出了什么毛病。 Whats the matter? = Whats wrong?4I hear you playing the piano.我听见你在弹钢琴。heardoing sth.“听见在做某事” ，强调正在进行的动作。heardo sth.“听见做了某事” ，强调全过程。hear about sth.听到关于某事物的消息hear from sb.接到某人的来信、电话等hear of sb./sth.听到或知道某人或某事物的情况5a lot of = lots of 许多 后接可数名词，相当于 many；后接不可数名词，相当于much,用于肯定句中；但是注意：如果是否定句，刚常用many 或 much.6be far from 离远（抽象距离） beaway from离远（具体距离）My school is not far from the bookstore.The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel.7There is something wrong with sb./sth.某人或某物出问题/有毛病了。8Ill get someone to check it right now.我马上派人去检查。get sb. to do sth.使某人做某事someone=somebody某人right now= at once= right away马上，立刻语法讲解语法讲解There beThere be（表示“有”（表示“有” ）用法）用法1.“There + be+主语+地点状语”表示“某处有某物” ；地点状语也可放在句首， 有时可用“， ”与后面的部分隔开。There are some pictures on the wall.=On the wall, there are somepictures.2.它的疑问形式是将“be”提到“there”之前。 Are thery any books on the desk?3. 它的否定形式是在“be”后加“not”.4. There be 如果后面接两个名词作主语，那么“be”的人称和数与邻近的名词一致。Topic3Topic3重点语法重点语法特殊疑问句和问路、指路的方式。重点句型重点句型Excuse me, how can I get to Go along and turn left at the first street.Be careful!Dont play on the street.重点讲解重点讲解1go up “沿着走”与它相近的词有go along/down2get to到达，后接地点名词 get to =reach=arrive in/at与 get 有关的短语：get in 收获get on 上车get off 下车get out 出去get out of 从出来get up 起床3across from 在对面4Its good to help children and old people to cross the road.帮助孩子和老人过马路是一种助人为乐的行为。Its good to do sth.做某事是助人为乐的行为。5on the corner of = at the corner of “在拐角处” ，表示在某一地方或建筑物外面的拐角处。in the corner of 表示在某一建筑物内的拐角处。6有关 come 的短语come to 来到come form 来自于come on 加油， 赶快come in 进来come out 出来come down 下来come back 回来Unit7Unit7Topic1Topic1重点语法重点语法掌握 be 动词的一般过去式。重点句型重点句型Were you born in Hebei? Yes, I was./ No, I wasn t.When was your daughter born? She was born on October 22nd, 1996.Whats the shape of your present?What does it look like?How long/wide is it?What do we use it for?We use it to study English.重点讲解重点讲解1英语中日期可以有两种表达法：(1)月日，年。May 1st,2008(2)日月，年。1st May,20082plan to do sth.计划做某事plan for sth.某事订计划3基数词变序数词的规律：基变序，有规律，五、十二ve 用 f 替再加 th一二三，特殊记，整几十改y 为 ie 再加 th八去 t 九去 e 再加 th，几十几只改个位就可以。4表示确切“几百”时，hundred 后面不加“s” ，但表示不确定数目的“数以百计”时，hundred 后面应加“s” ，用“hundreds of”表示。three hundred students三百名学生hundreds of students 几百名学生5英语中表达物体的长、宽、高，先说数字，再说单位，最后加上一个表示长、宽、高的形容词。 “ ”读做“point” 。6.4 米长six point four meters long6What do we use it for?我们用它来做什么?use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事. = use sth. for doing sth.语法讲解语法讲解bebe 动词的一般过去时动词的一般过去时1. be 动词的一般过去时，表示过去存在的状态。My brother was at school yesterday.2. be 动词的过去式为 was/were,其否定式为 was not/wasnt 和 were not/werent.3. 一般疑问句以及简略回答：Were you born in July,1999?Yes, I was./No,I wasnt.Topic2Topic2重点语法重点语法掌握情态动词 can/cant,could/couldnt 的用法。重点句型重点句型Can/Could you dance?Yes, I can/could.No, I cant/couldnt.What can you do? I can speak English.He cant sing English songs.重点讲解重点讲解1Do you want to sing Chinese songs or English songs?Chinese songs.选择疑问句中，回答时只能选择一者作答，不能用“Yes”或“No”回答。2Id like to take these flowers to the party.take sb./sth. to sw.take sb./sth. to sw.带某人带某人/ /某物去某地某物去某地巧辩异同巧辩异同 taketake 与与 bringbringtake （从说话人处带到别处）带去，带走bring （由别处带到说话人处）带来3一段时间+ago 是表示过去的时间状语。 two years agoat the age of在岁的时候4be good at doing sth. = do well in doing sth.擅长做某事，在方面做得好。5with ones help = with the help of 在的帮助下6can 和 could 的使用(1) can(could)“可以，同意，准许”表示请求，允许。could 语气较 can 委婉。(2) can“会，能” ，表示能力，could 表示过去的能力。Topic3Topic3重点语法重点语法行为动词的一般过去时及其回答。重点句型重点句型Did you sing a song at the party?Yes, I did/No, I didnt.I missed the chair and fell down.How could you lie to me?Kangkang made a silent wish and them he blew the candles out in one breath.重点讲解重点讲解1Did Kangkang enjoy himself?康康玩得开心吗？Enjoy 是及物动词，后接名词，代词或是动名词，意为“喜爱，欣赏，享受的乐趣。 ”enjoy oneself = have a good/great time玩得愉快enjoy doning sth. 喜欢做某事巧巧辩辩异异同同 l li ik ke e, , l lo ov ve e 与与 e en nj jo oy y(1)like 喜欢（程度较弱）like doing/to do(2) love 热爱（程度较强）love doing/to do(3)enjoy 喜爱，欣赏，享受的乐趣enjoy doing2Its your turn.该你了。turn 是名词，意思是“轮流” ，Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。还可以做连系动词，意为“变成” ，后接形容词做表语。3反身代词 oneself 变化如下：第一二人称用形容词性物主代词+self(selves)Imyselfyouyourself(yourselves) 第三人称用人称代词宾格+self(selves)hehimselftheythemselves4What happened to Michael at the party?聚会上迈克发生什么事情了？happen to sb.happen to sb. 某人发生某事，某人发生某事，toto 是介词是介词happen to dohappen to do碰巧干某事，碰巧干某事，toto 是不定式符号是不定式符号语法讲解语法讲解一般过去式一般过去式一、一般过去式表示： （1）过去存在的状态。My father wat at work yesterday afternoon.(2)过去某个时间发生的动作。I got up at 6:30 yesterday.(3)过去经常或反复发生的动作。He always went to work by bus last year.常用的时间状语：two days/months/yearsago, last year, in those days, just now, in 2002等。二、动词过去式的构成：1. 规则动词在动词后面直接加“ed” 。play-played动词以“e”结尾加“d” 。move-moved动词以辅音字母加 y 结尾改 y 为 i 加 ed.study-studied动词为重读闭音节，双写词尾的辅音字母加ed.plan-plannedstop-stopped2. 不规则动词am/is-wasare-weredo-did(详情见书后不规则动词表)三、行为动词一般过去时态陈述句变否定句和一般疑问句：肯定句： I bought some books yesterday. 否定句：I didnt buy any books yesterday.一般疑问句：Did you buy any books yesterday?Unit5Unit5Unit7Unit7 中出现的中出现的冠词用法冠词用法1. 1.弹乐器前要带定冠词 the,而进行球类运动，刚不带 the。play the guitar/pianoplay soccer/basketball2. 2.序数词， 前面要用定冠词 the。on the second floor3. 3.三餐前面不用冠词。 have breakfast/lunch/supper介词的用法介词的用法1. 1. 在几点常用介词 at, 在星期几常用 on。在早上、下午、晚上常用in. 在具体某是前，用介词on；在月份或年份前用介词 in，在具体到某一天的早上/下午/晚上，也用onat sevenoclock; on Sunday; in the morning.2. 2.在哪一层楼用介词 on.