高中英语Unit2《Cloning》课件-Reading新人教版选修8.ppt

Reading In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ.Warming up一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐的匍匐茎茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗富贵竹插枝即活富贵竹插枝即活仙人掌每块落地就生根仙人掌每块落地就生根Dolly是世界上第是世界上第一例用体细胞一例用体细胞乳腺上皮细胞乳腺上皮细胞,通通过细胞核移植技过细胞核移植技术术,在复杂的人工在复杂的人工操作下操作下,得到的一得到的一只小绵羊只小绵羊 。多利多利20022002年年4 4月十六日月十六日美国第一美国第一头克隆牛头克隆牛“艾米艾米”产下牛犊产下牛犊喜作妈咪喜作妈咪我国成功繁殖克隆兔我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多体形要比普通兔大许多第一只克隆宠物猫第一只克隆宠物猫克隆马及其克隆马及其“母母亲兼姐姐亲兼姐姐”克隆的荧光小猪克隆的荧光小猪(左左)和正常小猪和正常小猪(右右) 克隆克隆,是是Clone的译音的译音,意为生物体通意为生物体通过细胞进行的无性繁殖形成的基因型过细胞进行的无性繁殖形成的基因型完全相同的后代个体组成的种群完全相同的后代个体组成的种群,简称简称为为“无性繁殖无性繁殖”。 “克隆克隆”一词于一词于1903年年被引入园艺学被引入园艺学,以后逐渐应用于植物学、以后逐渐应用于植物学、动物学和医学等方面。动物学和医学等方面。但克隆与无性但克隆与无性繁殖是不同的。无性繁殖是指不经过繁殖是不同的。无性繁殖是指不经过雌雄两性生殖细胞的结合、只由雌雄两性生殖细胞的结合、只由一个生物体产生后代的生殖方式一个生物体产生后代的生殖方式, ,常见常见的有孢子生殖、出芽生殖和分裂生殖。的有孢子生殖、出芽生殖和分裂生殖。由植物的根、茎、叶等经过压条或嫁由植物的根、茎、叶等经过压条或嫁接等方式产生新个体也叫无性繁殖。接等方式产生新个体也叫无性繁殖。绵羊、猴子和牛等动物没有人工操作绵羊、猴子和牛等动物没有人工操作是不能进行无性繁殖的。是不能进行无性繁殖的。科学家把人科学家把人工遗传操作动物繁殖的过程叫克隆工遗传操作动物繁殖的过程叫克隆, ,这这门生物技术叫克隆技术。门生物技术叫克隆技术。 克隆的基本过程是先将含有遗传物质克隆的基本过程是先将含有遗传物质的供体细胞的核移植到去除了细胞核的卵的供体细胞的核移植到去除了细胞核的卵细胞中细胞中, ,利用微电流刺激等使两者融合为一利用微电流刺激等使两者融合为一体体, ,然后促使这一新细胞分裂繁殖发育成胚然后促使这一新细胞分裂繁殖发育成胚胎胎, ,当胚胎发育到一定程度后当胚胎发育到一定程度后, ,再被植入动再被植入动物子宫中使动物怀孕物子宫中使动物怀孕, ,便可产下与提供细胞便可产下与提供细胞者基因相同的动物。这一过程中如果对供者基因相同的动物。这一过程中如果对供体细胞进行基因改造体细胞进行基因改造, ,那么无性繁殖的动物那么无性繁殖的动物后代基因就会发生相同的变化后代基因就会发生相同的变化。 In pairs discuss what you understand about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find out. Share your lists with one another.Pre-readingQuestions about cloning1. What is a clone?A clone is group of cells or organisms that are genetically identical and have been produced asexually from the same original cell. They include natural and man-made clones.2. How is a clone produced?The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning?1) Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease帕金森症帕金森症 or Alzheimers disease老年痴呆症老年痴呆症).2) It can help infertile people have babies.4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?1) People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.2) People may want to clone dead children.3) People may want to clone their favorite pets.Scanning Write the letter T if the Statement is true. Write F if it is false. 1. Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant. 2. Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants. 3. Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants. FTFTT4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal. 5. Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants.Skimming Please read the passage and get the main idea, and then finish the following exercises in groups. 1. The main idea of the text is_ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.主旨大意主旨大意2. Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to text? _ A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg. C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money. D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.细枝末节细枝末节A3. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because_. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failedB4. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because_. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep5. Dolly the sheepA. looked exactly like the sheep that provides the eggB. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleusC. looked like the sheep that gave birth to itD. had the characteristics of all three sheep6. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal.A.usually lives as long as the original oneB. usually lives longer than the original oneC. usually dies earlier than the original oneD. is usually as healthy as the original one7. What is peoples fear about human cloning? Which of the following is wrong?A. Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband.D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.8. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12推理判断推理判断9. Which of the follow is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C. There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.10. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes.B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.C. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.D. Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.11. In the second paragraph, the word “straightforward” means _.A. uncomplicated B. honest C. frank D. difficult12. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _.A. The normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species.B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world.C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists.D. There were arguments about animals about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.13. What about the writers attitude toward cloning in this passage?A. The writer is against cloning.B. The writer is in favor of cloning.C. The writer does not state any personal opinion about cloning.D. The writer is in agreement with cloning. Detail reading Fill in the chart using the information from the text.Problems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningAnimals may_ _ of older animals.Medical cloning could _ _ for serious degenerative(变变质的）质的）_ in humans. developthe illnessesproduce curesillnessesAnimal clones may _ _ than the donor animalsCloning plants can _ _ of similar _ _ _._ _ may want to clone themselves.Cloning plants can be _ for research on _ .There are _ _ to cloning human beings.Cloning can help save _ _ .die youngerproduce plantsqualityforsaleEvil leaderusefulnew plant species moral objectionsendangered animalsFind the main idea of each paragraph.Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.Cloning has two major uses.The problems of Dolly.The effect of Dolly.It is forbidden to clone human beings. Para 1. Para 2. Para 3. Para 4. Para 5. Discussion Look at these pictures, and discuss this question with your partner.Is cloning people a good thing or a bad thing? Discussion1. What do you think is the writers view in this reading passage?2. Whats your opinion of cloning? Give reasons.I think the writer is impartial because he /she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.Do you know about: the procedure works of a sheep? 克隆羊诞生图示克隆羊诞生图示 “多利多利”的诞生标志着克隆研究的诞生标志着克隆研究取得新的进展和重大突破取得新的进展和重大突破, ,而且这个结而且这个结果证明果证明: :动物体中执行特殊功能动物体中执行特殊功能, ,具有具有特定形态的所谓高度分化的细胞与受特定形态的所谓高度分化的细胞与受精卵一样具有发育成完整个体的潜在精卵一样具有发育成完整个体的潜在能力。也就是说能力。也就是说, ,动物细胞与植物细胞动物细胞与植物细胞一样一样, ,也具有全能性也具有全能性. .“多利多利”的诞生有什么重大的意义和影响？的诞生有什么重大的意义和影响？ 1. It suddenly opened everybodys eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses, and even producing human beings. 突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病愈重病, 甚至制造人的可能性。甚至制造人的可能性。 长句难句长句难句:of using cloning to cure serious illnesses , and even producing human beings作定语作定语, 其中其中using和和producing是并列关系。是并列关系。2. Newspapers told stories of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves and religious leaders raises moral questions. 报纸报道了不良领导人希望克隆自己报纸报道了不良领导人希望克隆自己的消息的消息, 宗教领袖提出了道德方面的宗教领袖提出了道德方面的质疑。质疑。由由and 连接了两个并列分句连接了两个并列分句, 前句中前句中hoping to clone themselves作宾补。作宾补。句中句中stories意为意为“消息消息”。 例句观察例句观察(课文原句课文原句)The fact is that they are natural clones of each other.（作表语）（作表语）The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.（作（作同位语）同位语）语法专攻语法专攻:Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.（作同（作同位语）位语）However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.（作宾语）（作宾语） Cloning people is a good thing, or a bad thing?克隆人是福音克隆人是福音, 还是恶兆？还是恶兆？Thinking意大利狂人医生意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的科学家科学家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶1.克隆技术现在还不成熟克隆技术现在还不成熟,克克隆人可能有很多先天性生理隆人可能有很多先天性生理缺陷。缺陷。2.克隆人的身份难以认定克隆人的身份难以认定,他他们与被克隆者之间的关系无们与被克隆者之间的关系无法纳入现有的伦理体系。法纳入现有的伦理体系。反对克隆人反对克隆人3. 克隆技术有可能被滥用克隆技术有可能被滥用, ,成为恐成为恐怖分子的工具。怖分子的工具。4. 从生物多样性上来说从生物多样性上来说, ,大量基因大量基因结构完全相同的克隆人结构完全相同的克隆人, ,可能诱可能诱发新型疾病的广泛传播发新型疾病的广泛传播, ,对人类对人类的生存不利。的生存不利。1. “不让我们克隆人不让我们克隆人,就是不让就是不让我们修正我们的错误我们修正我们的错误,人类人类 历 史 难 道 能 够 这 样 构 造历 史 难 道 能 够 这 样 构 造吗？吗？”纽约时报书评纽约时报书评2. “当然应该当然应该克隆克隆人人,如果如果谁第一个掌握了这个技术谁第一个掌握了这个技术,他就是我真正的、也是唯一他就是我真正的、也是唯一的竞争对手。的竞争对手。”比尔比尔盖盖茨茨支持克隆支持克隆人人3. “克隆人绝对是科学上了不起的进步克隆人绝对是科学上了不起的进步,克隆技术必将创造克隆技术必将创造21世纪的辉世纪的辉煌。煌。” 麻省理工学院生命工程教授麻省理工学院生命工程教授约翰约翰布洛克布洛克4. “人体商业化是人类经济活动中无与伦人体商业化是人类经济活动中无与伦比的成就比的成就, ,毫无疑问毫无疑问, ,克隆技术的出现克隆技术的出现将为世人创造一个最为广泛和深远的将为世人创造一个最为广泛和深远的市场。市场。” ” 英国英国经济学家经济学家杂志。杂志。Exercise :Reproductive cloning is intended to produce a c_ of an existing a_ or a plant. Reproductive cloning of animals is a _for technology and farming as well as for cloning e_ animals. But reproductive cloning of human beings is specifically f_ by law in most c_ . opynimalndangeredllowedorbiddenountriesTherapeutic (治疗的治疗的) cloning is to produce a healthy copy of a s_ persons tissue (肌肌肉组织肉组织) or organ for transplant in order to save the lives of those who would d_ without it. This t_ would be many times better than r_ on organ transplants from other people. The tissue or organ would have the sick persons original DNA.ickieechniqueelyingHomework Finish off Ex.1, 2, 3, Page13.