高考英语书面表达常用句型.ppt

书面表达常用句型书面表达常用句型书面表达常用句型书面表达常用句型v一一系表结构系表结构七七感叹句结构感叹句结构v二二主谓结构主谓结构八八.疑问句结构疑问句结构v三三主谓宾结构主谓宾结构九九否定式结构否定式结构v四四双宾语结构双宾语结构十十.并列句结构并列句结构v五五复合宾语结构复合宾语结构十一十一.复合句结构复合句结构v六六祈使句结构祈使句结构十二十二.强调句结构强调句结构 一一系表结构系表结构主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语Notes1.常用的系动词有常用的系动词有:1).静态静态(表性质、特征、状态表性质、特征、状态)：beseemremainappear2).动态动态(表变化表变化):becomegoturngetgrow3).感官感官(表示感觉表示感觉):looksoundtastefeelsmell2.可以用做表语的有可以用做表语的有:1)名词名词2)名词性物主代词名词性物主代词3)不定代词不定代词4)人称代词人称代词5)形容词形容词6)数词数词7)副词副词8)动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)9)动名词动名词(短语短语)10)现在分词现在分词(短语短语)11)过去分词过去分词(短语短语)12)介词短语介词短语13)从句从句ve.g.v1)Smithwasthebossofagarage.2)Isthispenyours?3)Thisissomethingyoushouldalwaysvkeepinmind.4)Itisshewhoissingingnextdoor.5)Allthewallsarewhite6)Mysonwillbefourteennextyear.7)Classisover.8)Hiswishistobecomeascientist.9)Herfavoritesportinsummerisswimming.10)Thenewswasexciting.11)Theywerenotdiscouraged.12)Weareallagainsttheproposal.13)Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.v3.常用句型常用句型:v1)It+be+n.+todo2)It+be+adj.+todo3)It+be+n.+for/ofsb.+todo4)It+be+n.+doing5)It+be+adj.+doing6)It+be+n.+clause7)It+be+adj.+clause8)There+be+S.ve.g.v1)Itisapitytohearthat.2)Itisnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.3)Itisabigmistakeforhertohaveboughtvtheclothes.4)Itwashardforhimtosupportsuchabigvfamily.5)Itisnousegoingtheretoday. 6)Itsuselesskeepingbookswithoutreadingthem.7)Itsapitythatsheisout.8)Itistruethathehaspassedtheexamination.9)Shelookshappytoday.10)Thelittlegirlfeltshy.11)Itsgettingdark.12)Therewillbeanewplayatthetheatretomorrow.主语主语+（不及物动词）谓语（不及物动词）谓语+状语状语v Notes:v1.谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分。谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分。v2.状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、不定式状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等。短语、分词短语、从句等。 3常见句型：常见句型：1)S.+vi.2)S.+vi.+n.3)S.+vi.+adv.4)S.+vi.+prep.ph.5)S.+vi.+todov6)S.+vi.+doingv7)S.+vi.+forsb./sth.todosth.v8)It+seem/appear+adj./n.+todohappenv9)It+seem+clauseappear10)There+vi.+S.ve.g.1)Thesunhasrisen.2)Theyworkeddayandnight.3)Theyallwentout.4)Shecameintothelibrary.5)Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.6)Shestoodsmilingatme.7)Itseemedimpossibletosolvetheproblem. 8)Shewaitedforherhusbandtocomeback.n9)Ithappenedthattheywereoutwhenwencalledonthemthatevening.n10)Itseemsthattheboyhasrealizedtheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.n11)Long,longagotherelivedaking.三主谓宾结构 主语主语+（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）谓语+宾语宾语Notes:1.vi.+prep.=vt.2.可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，从句等从句等.常见句型：常见句型：1)S.+vt.+n.2)S.+vt.+pron.3)S.+vt.+num.4)S.+vt.+adv.+n./pron.5)S.+vt.+todo6)S.+vt.+whether/wh+todo三主谓宾结构 7)S.+vt.+doing8)S.+vt.+objectclause9)S.+vt.+object+prep.ph.10)S.+vt.+it+prep.ph.+thatclause11)S.+vt.+object+todo12)It+vt.+object+todo13)S.+vt.+it+adj./n.(+forsb.)+todoe.g.1)Sheiswateringtheflowers.2)Helovesherverymuch.3)Whoareyougoingtotakethesethree?4)Shecouldntkeepbackhertears.=Shecouldntkeephertearsback.5)Shedecidedtogiveitup.6)Hetriedtodoagooddeedeachday.7)Shehardlyknowshowtowriteacomposition.8)Iwonderedwhethertostayortoleave.9)Irememberseeinghersomewherebefore.10)Ihear(that)shehascomeback.11)Iagreetowhathehassaid. 12)Hedidntknowwhosesideheshouldtake.13)Wespendalotofmoneyonbooks.14)Heexplainedittohisstudentsthathewasillthatday.15)Heenteredtheroomtolookforhispencil-box.16)Ittookmorethantenyearstobuildthehouses.17)Ithinkitnecessary(forhim)tolearnaforeignlanguage.Notes:1.不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。可用于此句型的动词有以下三类：可用于此句型的动词有以下三类：1).givetellteachwritebringlendhandshowsendofferpaypassallow2)buydogetfetchsavemakesingchoose3)askanswer2.1）=vt.+D.O.+to+I.O.2）=vt.+D.O.+for+I.O.3）vt.+D.O.1+D.O.23常用句型：常用句型：1)S.+vt.+D.O.+I.O.2)S.+vt.+D.O.+to/for+I.O.3)S.+vt.+I.O.+clause4)Ittake+O.(n./pron.)+n./pron.+todo5)Sth.+cost+sb.+n.e.g.1)Hegavemesomebeautifulpictures.2)Hehandedthepursetotheteacher.3)Wouldyoufetchsomewaterforthechildren?v4)Shetoldthestudents(that)theoldvmanwasherfather.v5)Wellshowyouwhoseorderitis.v6)Ittookhimquitesometimetofindvtheelephantatall.v7)Thenewbikecosthim300yuan.vNotes:v1复合宾语是指复合宾语是指“宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”。v宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的v主谓关系。主谓关系。v2可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，v副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在v分词，过去分词。分词，过去分词。3常见句型：常见句型：1)S.+vt.+n./pron.+n.paingetbeatfind2)S.+vt.drive+n./pron.+adj.wishproveleavemakev feelvhearvlistentovmakelet7)S.+vt.see+object+dolookatwatchnoticeobserve8)S.+vt.+object+doing feelfind3)S.+vt.make+it+n./adj.+for/ofsb.todo/doingvthinkvconsider4)S.+vt.+adj./n.+thatclausen.5)S.+vt.+pron.+tobe+adj./n.clause6)S.+vt.+object+todo 9)S.+vt.+object+done10)S.+vt.+object+W+todo11)S.+vt.+object+adv.12)S.+vt.+sb./ones+doing13)S.+vt.+object+prep.ph. e.g.1)Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.2)Theboykickedthedooropen.3)Ithinkitfoolishofhimtobelieveher.4)Wethoughtitbetterforyoutotakethemedicineintime.5)Hehadmadeitarulenevertocasthisnetmorethanthreetimesaday. 6)IconsideritapitythathehasgivenupstudyingEnglish.7)Wefoundhertobemad.8)Hewantedhertobeadancer.9)Hebelieveswhatshesaidtobetrue.10)Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation.11)Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.12)Wefoundtheboycryinginthestreet.13)HaveyoueverheardthissongsunginEnglish?v14)Thefarmersshowedushowtocutwheat.v15)Didyoufindthemin?v16)Doyoumindme/myclosingthewindow?v17)Theyforcedherintothe room.v 1.Do+v2.Be+predictive+v3.Dont+do+v4.Dont+be+predictivev5.Let+object+do+.ve.g.1)Comein,please.v2)Passherapieceofpaper.v3)Beagoodboy.v4)Becarefulnottotouchit.v5)Dontreadinamovingbus.v6)Dontbesosilly.v7)Letshavearest.v8)Lettheboyin,please. 1.What(+adj.)+n.+S.+v.!2.How+adj./adv.+S.+v.!3.How+S.+v.!4.How+adj.+a/an+n.+S.+v.!e.g.1)Whatasillyboyheis!v2)Whatterribleweatherwearehaving!v3)Howhardtheyareworking!v4)Howwonderfultobeinvitedtoavpalaceball!1一般疑问句：一般疑问句：v1)Be+S.+predictive?v2)Be+there+S.+?Havev3)Has+S.+object+?Had DoBev4)Have+S.+do+?WillShallCanMayv5)Must+S.+do+?NeedDareve.g.1)Weretheybusyyesterday?v2)Wasthereapinetreebesidethehouse?v3)Haveyou(got)anyredink?v4)Isshelyinginbed?v5)DidTomgotherewithyou?v6)Dareyousayitagain?2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句1）作主语的疑问词）作主语的疑问词+陈述语序陈述语序?(who;which;what)v2）作定语修饰主语的疑问词）作定语修饰主语的疑问词+陈述语序？陈述语序？v(what;which;whose;howmany/much)v3）疑问词）疑问词(作定语作定语/表语表语/状语状语)+一般疑问语序？一般疑问语序？ ve.g.1)Whocametoschooltheearliestvyesterday?v2)Whichbookisyours?v3)Whatareyoudoing?v4)Wheredidyougoyesterday?3选择疑问句：选择疑问句：1）一般疑问句）一般疑问句+or+另一供选择部分？另一供选择部分？2）一般疑问句）一般疑问句+or+not?3）特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句,+AorB?e.g.1)Doyoulikesportsormusic?2)Doyoulikesportsornot?3)Whichisbigger,thesunorthemoon?4.反意疑问句：反意疑问句：助动词助动词1）陈述句肯定结构）陈述句肯定结构,+系动词系动词的否定式的否定式+人称代词？人称代词？情态动词情态动词助动词助动词2）陈述句否定结构）陈述句否定结构,+系动词系动词的肯定式的肯定式+人称代词？人称代词？情态动词情态动词e.g.1)Youaretired,arentyou?2)Youwouldntleaveforlong,willyou?1S.+be+not+predictive.e.g.Heisnotanengineer.vhaveno2.S.+has+nota+object.vhadanye.g.Ihavenobrother. v no3.There+be+nota+S.vnotanye.g.Thereisntabookonthetable.4.S.+do/does/did+not+doe.g.Hedidntcometoschoolyesterday.5.S.+助动词助动词+not+doe.g.1)Heisnotcrying. 2) I shall not ask him for help.6.S.+情态动词情态动词+not+doe.g.Youneedntworry.vtodo7.not+doing+vdonee.g.1)Notknowingthetruth,hescoldedher.v2)Iregrettednotattendingthemeeting.v3)Wesaidsonottoflatter(奉承奉承)him.v allvboth8.not+each部分否定部分否定veveryvthewholev完全否定分别用：完全否定分别用：vnone,neither,nothing,nobody,noonee.g.1)Alltheanswersarenotcorrect.v2)Everythingdoesntgowell.v3)Shehasntdonethejobcompletely.v4)Nobodycanworkitout.v5)NoneofthestudentsisfromShanghai.9.由由nor,neither构成否定承接句：构成否定承接句：vNeither/Nor+助助/系系/情态动词情态动词+S.vNote:v如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型：时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型：Itis/wasthesamewith+S.ve.g.1)Idontlikethefilm,nordoesshe.v2)Hehasnotime.NeitherhaveI.10.由由hardly,seldom,rarely,never,little,few等构成的含否定意义的句子。等构成的含否定意义的句子。ve.g.1)Hehardlywentoutshopping.v2)Fewofthemknowscience. 1.由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连接为一体，就构成了并列句。接为一体，就构成了并列句。 2.常用的并列连词有：常用的并列连词有：and“和和”or“否则否则”vbut“可是；但是可是；但是”vfor“因为因为”so“因此因此”veitheror“不是不是就是就是”vneithernor“既不既不也不也不”vnotonlybutalso“不但不但而且而且”3.常用的副词有：常用的副词有：yet“但是但是”however“然而然而”therefore“所以所以”Note:此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。 e.g.1)Hurryup!Itsgoingtorain.v2)Hehadtocomebackhome;hewantedvsomemoney.v3)Tearsappearedinhereyes,buthedidntvnoticeit.v4)Springcameandthetreesturned green.v 5)Shemustbeill,forshedidntcomevtoschoolthismorning.v6)Hefoundnobodyintheroom,sohevwentaway.v7)Heisold,yetheisstillactiveinhisvwork.v8)Thecompositionisallright;howevervthereisroomforimprovement.v 9)Hewasverytired,andthereforehefellvsoundasleep.v10)Wemusthurry,orwellbelate.v11)Eitherheiswrongoryouarewrong.v12)Hedoesntknowher,nordoI.v13)Notonlywasmymotherangry,butmyvfatheralso.1.主语从句结构：主语从句结构：1）连接代词连接代词/副词副词+从句从句+主句谓语部分主句谓语部分=It+主句谓语部分主句谓语部分+连接代词连接代词/副词副词+从句从句(常用连词常用连词that;whether;who;whom;whose;vwhich;when;where;why;how)e.g.1)Thatwelovepeaceisknowntoall.v=Itisknowntoallthatwelovepeace.v2)Whetherwecansolvethedifficultystillremainsaquestion.v=Itstillremainsaquestionwhetherwevcansolvethedifficulty. 3)Whosecompositionisbetterishardtosay.=Itishardtosaywhosecompositionisbetter.4)Wherewellspendthesummerholidayshasnotbeendecided.=Ithasntbeendecidedwherewellspendthesummerholidays.2）What+主语和及物动词谓语主语和及物动词谓语+主句谓语部分主句谓语部分e.g.(1)Whathesaidisnottrue.v(2)Whatwearedoingisforbuildingvsocialism.v v Whoever3）Whatever+主语从句主语从句+主句谓语部分主句谓语部分vWhichevere.g.(1)Whoeverwantstogomaygoatonce.(2)Whateverisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.v happenedvseems4）It+isapity+that-clausevissaidvisreportede.g.(1)Ithappenedthathewasillwhenwefoundhim.v(2)Itseemsthatshedoesntlikeherjob.v(3)Itsapitythatshehasgoneabroad.v(4)Itissaid/reportedthatourwomensvfootballteamhadwonagain.v that连词连词if主语主语+whether+clausev连接代词连接代词(who;whom;which;what）v连接副词连接副词(when;where;why;how)e.g.1)HissuggestionisthatwegotoBeijingtospendourholidays.v2)Thatisjustwhathewants.v3)Thequestioniswhowillhaveatryfirst.v4)Thatiswhythebatneverflyoutinthevdaytime.v5)Theproblemiswhetherwecanfindeachvotheratthestation.1)S.+vt.+that-clausee.g.IwishIcouldentercollege.vThekingrepliedthathewouldsethimvfree.2)S.+vt.+if/whether-clausee.g.Theteacheraskedifanyonewasabsent.vIwonderwhetherhewillcome(ornot).3)S.+vt.+连接代词连接代词/副词副词+clausee.g.Heaskedwhichexerciseisthemostdifficult.Nooneknowswhattheyarefightingabout.v4)S.+vt.+sb.+连接代词连接代词/副词副词+clausee.g.Hedidnttellmewherehelived.vDidntshetellyouwhenweshouldstart?5)主谓结构主谓结构+prep.+clauseve.g.vSheshouldbepraisedforwhatshehasdone.Thebosspaidtheworkersaccordingtohowmuchtheyhaddoneforhim.6)S.+vt.+to短语短语+that-clauseve.g.Heexplainedtousthathehadfailedtovcatchthefirstbus.7)S.+vt.+it+adj./n.+clauseve.g.Wefeltitstrangethatshecouldleavevwithoutsayinggood-bye.vWethoughtitashamethattheyfoughteachotherinclass. 1)主句主语主句主语+关系代词关系代词/副词副词+clause+主句谓主句谓语语e.g.ThemanwhoisstandingbythedoorisourEnglishteacher.vThewatch(which/that)IboughtvyesterdayismadeinSwiss.vThedayswhenwewerecheatedarevgoneforever.2)主句主句+关系代词关系代词/副词副词+clausee.g.Thisisthegirlwhosefatherdiedintheflood.vIllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedvtheParty.3)主句中的被修饰词主句中的被修饰词+prep.+关系代词关系代词+clausee.g.Theearthonwhichweliveisabigball.vWevisitedthehouseinwhichchairmanvMaooncelived.v4)非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句：vwhichvwhov主句中的被修饰词主句中的被修饰词+,+whom+clausevwhose+n.vwhereve.g.vWangHaisfather,whoworksinvNanjing,hascomebackhome.vWevisitedtheindustrialexhibition,vwherewesawalotofforeignguests.v1)时间状语从句时间状语从句(1)conj.+clause+,+主句主句v主句主句+conj.+clausev(用于此类从句的连词有：用于此类从句的连词有：when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas)e.g.whenhesawhismother,theboybegantocry.IllwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere. (2)S.+hadnosooner+done+than+clausevNosoonerhad+S.+done+than+clauseve.g.vThebellhadnosoonerrungthanthevteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.v=Nosoonerhadthebellrungthanthevteacherwalkedintotheclassroom. (3)Hardly+had+S.+done+when/before+clausevS.+had+hardly+done+when/before+clauseve.g.vHardlyhadIgothomewhen/beforeitbegantovrain.v=Ihadhardlygothomewhen/beforeitbeganvtorain. (4)Scarcely+had+S.+done+when/before+clausevS.+had+scarcely+done+when/before+clauseve.g.vScarcelyhadhegottobedwhen/beforehefelltosleep.v=Hehadscarcelygottobedwhen/beforehevfelltosleep.v主句主句+where(ever)+从句从句vWhere(ver)+从句从句+，+主句主句e.g.IlostmypenwhereIwrotemycomposition.Whereverwearesenttowork,weshouldworkhard. Because/As/Since/Nowthat+从句，从句，+主句主句主句主句+because/as/since/nowthat+从句从句e.g.Hedidntgotothemeetingbecausehewasill.Asitisgoingtorain,youdbetterstayathome. If/Unless/Aslongas+clause+,+主句主句v主句主句+if/unless/aslongas+从句从句e.g.Youaresuretosucceedifyouworkhard.As/Solongaswekeepcalm,wecanfindawayout.主句主句+that/sothat+从句从句S.+v.+so+adj./adv.+that-clauseS.+v.+such(a)+adj.+n.+that-clauseS.+v.+so+adj.(+a)+n.+that-clausee.g.Sheissokindtousthatweallloveher.vHespokesoquicklythatnobodycouldfollowhim.vShegaveussuchanexcellentlecturethateverybodyadmiredhim.v=Shegaveussoexcellentalecturethateverybodyadmiredhim.vthatvsothatv主句主句+inorderthat+从句从句vincasee.g.Wetookthefrontseatsinorderthatwecouldhearclearly. （1）conj.+clause+,+主句主句v=主句主句+conj.+clauseadj.（2）adv.+as/though+从句从句+主句主句n.v常用连词有：常用连词有：vthough(although)“虽然虽然”vevenif/though“即使即使”vwhetheror“不管事不管事还还是是”vwhoever(nomatterwho）“无论谁无论谁”vwhatever(nomatterwhat)“无论什么无论什么”vwhichever(nomatterwhich)“无论哪个无论哪个”vwhenever(nomatterwhen)“无论何时无论何时”vwherever(nomatterwhere)“无论何地无论何地”e.g.Shetookcareofthepatientsthoughsheherselfwasalsoill.Nomatterwhereyougo,youmustfindtimetostudy.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.v主句主句+as/asif+clauseve.g.LetsstudyasLeninstudied.vHespokeasifhewereaprofessor. （1）同级比较状语从句）同级比较状语从句S.+v.(+not)+as/so+adj./adv.+as+clausee.g.HeworksashardasJack.vThepolicewerenotas/solight-heartedvasTom. (2)比较级状语从句比较级状语从句S.+v.(+no)+adj.-er/adv.-er+than+clausee.g.HecanjumphigherthanI.TherearemorestudentsinClassOnethaninClassTwo.Itisnomorehottodaythanyesterday.(3)表示递进的比较状语从句表示递进的比较状语从句The+adj.-er/adv.-er+,+the+adj.-er/adv.-erve.g.vTheharderheworks,thehappierheis.(4)表示最高级概念的比较状语从句表示最高级概念的比较状语从句否定意义主语否定意义主语+v.+adj./adv+as+clause否定意义主语否定意义主语+v.+adj./adv.+than+clause e.g.v Nobody is so sly (狡猾) as he is.v No one studies harder than he does.6同位语从句同位语从句v主句主语主句主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+that+clausev主句主语主句主语+that+clause+主句谓语主句谓语e.g.Weallknowthefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.vThenewsthattheChinesewomensvvolleyballteamhaswontheworldsvchampionshipsoonspreadoverthevwholecountry.vItis/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分句子剩余部分Note:1.本结构用于强调除谓语以外的句子成分。要本结构用于强调除谓语以外的句子成分。要强调谓语动词可用强调谓语动词可用:S.+do/does/did+V.+2.原因状语从句被强调时只可由原因状语从句被强调时只可由because引导。引导。v3.含含notuntil的复合句套用：的复合句套用：vItis/wasnotuntilthatv(被强调部分用陈述语序被强调部分用陈述语序)e.g.ItwasyoursisterthatImetinthezooyesterday.vItwasyesterdaythatImetyoursisterinthezoo.vThank youThank you！