初中英语宾语从句课件.ppt

The Object Clause宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句(The object clause)定义：定义：复合句中，复合句中，放在动词或放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾叫宾语从句。语从句。 1.Could you please tell me if David Smith comes?2.Could you please tell me whether Jane comes or not?3.Could you please tell me who will bring food?4.Could you please tell me what we need to buy?5.Could you please tell me when the party starts?6.Could you please tell me where the party is?7.Could you please tell me how we can get there?8.Could you please tell me which bus we should take?宾语从句学习要点：宾语从句学习要点：一、语序一、语序二、引导词二、引导词三三 、时态、时态四、四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、宾语从句的反意疑问句五、宾语从句的反意疑问句六、否定转移六、否定转移三三要要素素My favorite sport isI amI speak/have/likeI can playAre you?Can you play?Do you do?Where are you? What can you do? How do you do?陈陈述述句句一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句结构比较结构比较_ + _ + _主语主语谓语谓语.?_ +_ + _特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句 be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词_ / _ /_+ _ +_主语主语谓语谓语?陈陈述述句句一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句_+ _ + _ 结构比较结构比较be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词主语主语谓语谓语_ + _ + _ .主语主语?_ +_+ _特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句? ?_ + _ + _ 主语主语?_ +_ + _主语主语结论结论:陈述句和疑问句最本陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句中质的区别是陈述句中的的be动词动词, 情态动词情态动词 ,助动词在主语后助动词在主语后,而在而在疑问句中疑问句中,它们则在主它们则在主语前语前.句子的两种语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问语序 将下列句子改成陈述句语序：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homework 4.Does she work in a hospital? 5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform? she works in a hospital you went to Center Park we have to wear a uniformwe can wear hats in school 7.Can we wear hats in school?8. Wheres your pen pal from? 9. Where does he live? 10. What language does she speak? 11. Why do you like pandas? Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat language she speaks Why you like pandas? 一、宾语从句的语序一、宾语从句的语序 陈述句语序陈述句语序即：即：连词主语谓语动词连词主语谓语动词陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said.The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if he works hard.或或I wonder whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left. Whats the matter?(怎么了怎么了?)等等,在作宾语在作宾语从句时从句时,语序不变语序不变.如如: Could you tell me whats the matter? 可以告诉我怎么了吗可以告诉我怎么了吗?3. 下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。1. I think that he will come to China next year.2. I want to know if he was at home yesterday.3. Can you tell me where does your mother work?4. Do you know who can answer the question?5. Please tell us where is the hospital? your mother works the hospital isTTTFF宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：引导词引导词（看从句）（看从句）从句是陈述句从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略）口语中常省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句We know (that)we should learn from each other. Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?that if/whether（是否）（是否）wh-/how(即特殊疑问词即特殊疑问词)二二.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词1. 由由that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed. 练一练练一练1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend （that）2. 由由if或或whether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。If和和whether在句中的意思是在句中的意思是“是否是否”。例如：例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.练一练练一练1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks if/whether3. 由连接代词由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.练一练练一练1. What is this ?2. What are you doing ?3. Where do you live ?4. When does he get up ?5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me 4. The man asked 引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是否完整，词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整不完整，一定是，一定是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句。完整完整，判断，判断主句主句语气，语气， 是是疑问疑问语气，用语气，用 if/whether; 是是肯定语气肯定语气，用，用that.If/whether（是否）的区别（是否）的区别 一般情况下，一般情况下，if 和和whether可以互换，但以可以互换，但以下下4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether： 在不定式前：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词后：在介词后：It depends on(依靠依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与与or not连用：连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 做主语从句：做主语从句：Whether he is right isnt important. 主语主语 从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句, 当主句的主语或宾语与当主句的主语或宾语与从句主语是一致从句主语是一致, 可简化成可简化成: 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+to do.Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office？1.填写合适的引导词填写合适的引导词 1 Can you tell me_you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be CABB 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose8. He asked his friend _ to go there or not. A. if B whether C. what D. that CAAB2：用：用that, if/whether, how,where,what,.等连接等连接词填空词填空. 1.I hear_ they will visit our school next week.2.Do you know_ the girl is?3.Could you tell me _I can get to the park?4.We thought _you had never been there before .5.Please tell me_ you live.thatwhohowthatwhere6.Mother asked me _ I had finished my homework.7.Do you know_ she is angry?8.The teacher asked_ your name was. 9.Tom is ten.I want to know _ you are.10.He asked you_ you were a student or not.whywhathow oldwhetherif/whether三、宾语从句的时态三、宾语从句的时态 （看主句看主句）如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。际情况而定。如：如：1）I have heard（that）he _(come) back next week.2）We wonder when he _(start) learning English.will comestarted5) He told me that he _(be) to Shanghai. 6) Could you tell me how he _(go) to school every day?had beengoes注意：注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般从句都要用一般现在时现在时。如：如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.时态练习时态练习1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 Could you tell me whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. areADCCould you tell me+宾语从句？表达的是委婉宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。的语气，是一般现在时。4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveledBC四、四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别1. 宾语从句宾语从句: if when2.状语从句状语从句:条件状语从句条件状语从句 if时间状语从句时间状语从句 when 是否是否什么时候什么时候(即特殊疑问词即特殊疑问词)如果如果从句时态根据句意而定从句时态根据句意而定当当时时 时态时态: 1) 主句一般将来时主句一般将来时/一般现在时一般现在时/祈使句祈使句/含情态动词含情态动词, 从句一般现在时从句一般现在时. 2) 主句一般过去时主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时从句一般过去时.主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。5.If/when 区别练习区别练习: 1. If it _(rain) tomorrow，I wont come. 2. He didnt tell me if it _(rain) tomorrow. 3. I dont know if he _(come) tomorrow. If he_ (come), Ill tell you. 4. When it _ (stop) raining, well go swimming. 5. Could you tell me when the film _(start)? Ill leave for a moment. would rainrainswill comecomesstopswill start如果如果是否是否是否是否如果如果当当.的时候的时候什么时候什么时候综合练习综合练习(各地中考题各地中考题) 1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if 2.I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. -He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. -We never know _ the old man is. -They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where AD谁动了我了奶酪谁动了我了奶酪A4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 5. -Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. -Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 6-W here do you think _ he _ the computer? - Sorry, I have no idea A.; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy DCA 17. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what was the matter 8. -Where is Jack? -He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . A. that B. which C. where D. there DC其它问题其它问题否定的转移否定的转移：当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等词时等词时,其后面的宾语从句的否定应其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。转移到主句上。如：如： I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对。我认为他不对。 附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：1. 一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：一般根据主句的谓语动词判断： 如：如：She didnt say that he would come here, _?2.当主句主语为当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为（我），主句动词为suppose, believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：定形式根据主句判断：I dont think he is serious,_?I believe he can finish it on time, _?is hecant hedid she 标点符号的确定标点符号的确定：带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句取决于主句。主句是主句是 陈述句陈述句: 。 He asked me where I went just now. 问句：问句： ？ Do you know when hell be back?一、引导词一、引导词 if/whether区别区别 特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+to do二、语序二、语序 what is the matter?（怎么了？）语序不变（怎么了？）语序不变三三 、时态、时态如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象 ,仍用一般现在仍用一般现在时时Could you tell me? 宾语从句六注意：宾语从句六注意：四、四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、反意疑问句五、反意疑问句 一般看主句一般看主句I+ think,believe,suppose,guess等看从句等看从句六、否定转移六、否定转移在在think , believe , suppose,imagine等动词所跟的宾等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：定形式。如：I dont think he has time to play with girl.我认为他没时间和女孩玩。我认为他没时间和女孩玩。练习：练习：将下列各句合并成宾语从句。将下列各句合并成宾语从句。1.What is his name? I dont know _2.When did you begin to study English? I didnt know _3.It is important to learn English.The teacher said _4.Does he live in that street? Could you tell me_what his name is .when you began to study English.it was important to learn English.if he lives in that street. Translate the following sentences.1. 我认为不会下雨我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _. 2. 我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对. I _your answer right. 我们相信他还没走？我们相信他还没走？ We _ that he _.宾语从句的否定转移：宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等，等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词 dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe has gone6.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了我不知道飞机为什么晚点了.I did nt know_the plane_ _. 7.他问我会议什么时候开始他问我会议什么时候开始.He asked me _the meeting _ _.8.没人知道他是什么时候出生的没人知道他是什么时候出生的.No one knows _he _ _.whywas latewhenwould beginwhenwas born9.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大The teacher told his students the sun _ _ than the moon.10.我不能肯定他来还是不来我不能肯定他来还是不来.Im not sure _ he _ _ or not. is biggerwhetherwill comeThanksThanks