which和that的区别_.doc

which和that的区别_which和that的区别which的先行词只能指物，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语(作宾语时可省略;但作介词的宾语，且介词提前时，不可省）Is this the pen (which) you are looking for?这是你正在找的钢笔吗？The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.刚开走的火车是驶往深圳的。This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。【知识拓展】which在从句中作定语。The stayed with me for three weeks during which ank all the wine I had.他们和我一起待了三 司他们喝光了我所有的酒。（which在从句中做定语修饰 time)She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.她可能会迟到，那样的话我们应该等等她。that的用法that的先行词指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。还可作表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前,如介词提前时则需要用which 或 whom 来替代 that。The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.我们正在研究的这幅画是一个十五岁的学生画的。Jack is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I met five years ago.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。The chair( which/that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在被修理。【重点难点】（1) that和which的用法辨析that和which在定语从句中都可作主语、表语或宾语，先行词均指物。作宾语时，均可省略。在通常情况下，可互换使用。但有时that和which却不宜随便互换。1)宜用that的情况先行词是 all，much, little, few，something, anything, everything, none, nothing 等不定代词时。There is not much that ought to be done right now.现在没有多少应该做的事情。He did everything that could help us.他做了能帮助我们的事。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词本身在从句中也作表语时。Mr. Rich is not the man that he was.里克先生过去不是这样的。先行词有theonly, the same, the very等词修饰时。These articles are the very ones that should be read.这些文章正是需要读的那些。Cheating was the only thing that interested her most.作弊是她唯一最感兴趣的事。先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或 形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.这是这座城市目前所放映过的最好的电影。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide.我们现在要做的第一件事就是找一个当地的 向导。主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？先行词既有人又有物时。I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.我要谈论一下我所访问过的国家和人民。She described in her composition the people and the places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。2)宜用which的情况在非限制性定语从句中。She lost the game，which depressed her greatly.她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。Tokyo, which is the capital of Japan, sees great changes every day.曰本的首都东京每天都有巨大的变化。在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。The pen with which you are writing is Jeff s.你现在正用来写字的那支钢笔是杰夫的。如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个的关系代词 用that,后一个宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我给你看一本我从新 开放的图书馆里借的小说。(2)that和who的用法辨析that和who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，先行词均可指人。作宾语时，均可省略。在通常情况下，可互换使用。但有时that和who却不宜随便互换。1)宜用who不宜用that的情况先行词是指人的不定代词时。先行词如果是one,ones,anyone等时，不宜用that。One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。The ones who flatter me can t please me.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦我。We don t want anyone who can t afford the tuition fees to drop out of school.我们不想让任何交不起学费的人辍学。先行词为those时，关系代词宜用who。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。在非限制性定语从句中。That is his father,who works in Shanghai.那就是他的父亲，他在上海工作。2)宜用that不宜用who的情况 主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?第 7 页 共 7 页