中考英语复习资料：名词考点集汇、讲解和训练试题.wps

中考英语复习资料：名词考点集汇、讲解和训练中考英语复习资料：名词考点集汇、讲解和训练试题【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（ 1 ） 一 般 情 况 在 词 尾 加 -s ， 例 如 ：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（ 2 ） 以 s ， x ， ch ， sh ， 结 尾 的 词 加 -es ， 例 如 ：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以 ce, se, ze,（d）ge 结尾的名词加 s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries,familyfamilies。 但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s，如：boyboys, daydays。（ 5 ） 以o结 尾 的 词 多 数 都 加 -es 。 例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末 为 两 个 元 音 字 母 的 词 只 加 -s 。 例 如 ：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6）以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 为 v 再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法情 况 读法 例 词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztF等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （ 7 ） 少 数 名 词 有 不 规 则 的 复 数 形 式 ， 例 如 ：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】 与 man和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers， women teachers。有 个 别 名 词 单 复 数 一 样 ， 例 如 ：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish 等。但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police 等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（ 10 ） 还 有 些 名 词 仅 有 复 数 形 式 ， 如 ：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow andice（2）用 a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、 “四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。2. 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。3. 在表示时间、 距离、 长度、 重量、 价格、 世界、 国家等名词的所有格 要 用 's ， 例 如 ： a twenty minutes' walk ， ten miles'journey ， a boat's length ， two pounds' weight, ten dollars'worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构，例如：a map ofChina，the end of this term，the capital of our country, thecolor of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom andMary's mother（即 Tom与 Mary 是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.（2004 年上海徐汇区中考试题）These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctorC. women doctors D. woman doctor答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2. (2004 年河北省中考试题)This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and JanesC. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes答案：D。 该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。 两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。3. (2004 年吉林省中考试题)-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep答案：D。 该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。 从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有 sheep 可用作复数名词。4. (2004 年佛山市中考试题)-What would you like to drink, _ or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea答案：C。 该题考查的是名词的类别。 三种东西中只有tea能喝。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1- Where have you been, Tim?- Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the eveningmeal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why nottry _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D.boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”onthe door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406Room二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（频道）, I dont like thisshow.3. Yesterday the _( 航 班 ) to London was put offbecause of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite (季节) 5. -How many _(小刀) do you have?-Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is _(儿童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址)so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice?-Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International _(护士) Day. Lets say“ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention toyour p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with hisp_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to makeliving.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing byair.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now.【练习答案】一1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6.Computers 7. Childrens 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses三 1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5.inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hours 9. money 10. Dangerous