情态动词can和could的用法区别_.doc
情态动词can和could的用法区别_(1)表示能力(could为can的过去式,表过去的能力)Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldn t 10 years ago现在我们有些人会使用电脑,但十年前我们不会。【知识拓展】can与be able to都表示能力,在意义上没有区别。但can只有一般式和过去式(could)两种形式,而be able to则有更多的形式。过去式:was/were able to将来式:shall/will be able to完成式:have/has been able to如果要表达将来的能力,一般要用will/shall be able toThe baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.几周后这个婴儿就会走路了。be able to的过去式was/were able to可表示在过 场合设法做成了某事,相当于managed to do,而could则无此意义。The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from it那场火很大,但多数人从火中逃了出来。can 和be able to不可同时使用。(2)允许 和 许可 。You can park your car here.你可以把车停在这里。Can I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?Yes,you can 是的,你可以No you can t.不,你不可以。子这种语竟中,用could比用can的语气更委婉 ;can此时没有时间上的差别,could -般 ,肯定回答时要改用can。Could I come here again tomorrow?我明天还能 来这儿吗?一Yes,you can(或:No,I m afraid not.)是的,你可以。(或:不,恐怕不行。)(3)Can表示客观的逻辑上的可能性,意为 可能 会 ,多用于肯定句。Anyone can make mistakes?任何人都可能犯错。Taking a plane can be dangerous.乘坐飞机有时会很危险。Children can be noisy sometimes.小孩有时很吵闹。It can be very hot in our city in summer.我们城市的夏天有时会很热。(4)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性,can 般用于否定句和疑问句中,could只表示可能性比can小,而不表不时态。He can t/couldn t have finished so much work in so short a time.他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此多的工作。 (对已经生的事情的推测)You can t be serious?你不会当真吧。(对现在情况的推测)(5)could have done可表示过去有能力做某事,但没有做。We could have gone there on foot and a taxi wasn t necessary at all.本来我们可以走着去那儿,根本没必要乘出租车。(6)习惯用法:(1)can not too/enough 表示 无论怎样都不过分,越 越好 ,有时cannot可用can never替代。We can t thank you too much for what you ve done for us?对于你为我们所做的一切,我们怎么感激你都不过分。You cannot be too careful to cross the road.= You cannot be careful enough to cross the road.过马路时怎么小心都不过分。You can never do the work too well.这项工作你做得越出色越好。can t help doing 禁不住,can t help(to) do 不能帮忙做某事。When I try to speak,I can t help making mistakes.当我开口说话时,我禁不住犯错误。I can t help (to) carry the box.我不能帮忙搬这个箱子。can t help but do不得不,只好I can t help but admire your courage.我不得不钦佩你的勇气。温馨提示表示 不得不,只好做某事 的其他 习惯用法:cannot choose but docannot but docan do nothing but dohave no choice but to dohave nothing to do but docan t help it无计可施;忍不住I always end up having an argument with her. I don t know why,but I just can t help it.我总是和她意见不合,我不知道为什么,我就是忍不住。I couldn t help it if the bus was late.公共汽车晚点了,我没办法。as.as+主语+can/could 尽可能= as.as possiblePlease come here as early as you can请尽早来这里cannot ,could not与比较级连用,表TK最高级的意思。It couldn t be better.没有比这再好的了。She couldn t have chosen a better gift for me这是她给我选的最好的礼物。第 5 页 共 5 页