Unit3LearningAboutLanguage课件--高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册.pptx

Unit 3 Food and Culture Learning About LanguageDiscover useful structures概念和结构概念和结构用法和搭配用法和搭配辨析和判定辨析和判定练习练习01020403过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态观察例句右侧两组例句都是过去完成时过去完成时，上面的句子主语为人，使用了主动语态，下面的句子主语为物品，使用了被动语态。1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published. A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.语法概念过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态（亦可以说是“过去的过去”）。过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。任务2Find more sentences using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice from this unit.任务 11. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.2. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.1 Carol: _ you ever _ any Scottish food before your trip to St Andrews last year?Paul: No, not really. But I _ about haggis many times before we went there.Carol: Oh . Did you try it?Paul: Oh, yes! You know what? We _ late for supper that day, and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen. We _ our meal before we learnt we _ just _ haggis!Carol: My goodness!Paul: Well, it was not bad. I have to say . 2 Carol: When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I found nobody there. _ it _?Paul: Oh, Im so sorry that I forgot to tell you! The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally, the hostess, _ into a car accident.Carol: Oh, Im sorry to hear that. Hope Sally recovers soon!arrive cancel eat finish get taste tellHadtastedhad been toldarrivedhad finishedhadeatenHadbeen cancelledhad got例句变形语法结构BCricket had (not) been played by them before the rain started.CHad (not) they played cricket before the rain started?DHad (not) cricket been played by them before the rain started?EWhere had they played cricket before the rain started?AThey had (not) played cricket before the rain started.FWhere had cricket been played by them before the rain started?构成陈述句的主动语态（肯定/否定义）主语+had (not)+过去分词+宾语+其他成分陈述句的被动语态（肯定/否定义）主语+had (not)+been+过去分词+介词+宾语+其他成分一般疑问句的主动语态（肯定/否定义）Had (not)+主语+过去分词+宾语+其他成分一般疑问句的被动语态（肯定/否定义）Had (not)+主语+been+ 过去分词+介词+宾语+其他成分特殊疑问句的主动语态（肯定/否定义）疑问词+had (not)+主语+过去分词+宾语+其他成分特殊疑问句的被动语态（肯定/否定义）疑问词+had (not)+主语+been+过去分词+介词 +宾语+其他成分“他们”“打板球”“下起雨来”用法I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had collected more than 2000. 我从2月份开始集邮，到11月已收集到2000多枚。By six oclock they had worked for 8 hours. 到6点钟他们已经工作了8小时了。（可能还没结束）与过去完成时连用的时间状语与过去完成时连用的时间状语already (已经), yet (仍然), still (还), just (刚刚), hardly.when (刚就), scarcely.before (刚就), ever (曾经), never (从来没有)等，也可以是by (不迟于), before (在之前), until (直到), as soon as (一就), by then, by the end of, by that time, until then, by the time+从句等形式。1. 表示较早的过去表示较早的过去即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。In 1980，Id never been to Paris. 1980年之前我从未去过巴黎。 （= I never went there before 1980.）After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. 我们降落后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying. 当她听说她父亲在那次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。2. 强调过去动作的完成强调过去动作的完成句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语。用法3. 表示过去某个时间或事件之前发生的表示过去某个时间或事件之前发生的动作一直延续到过去的另一时间或动作，动作一直延续到过去的另一时间或动作，此时谓语应为延续性动词此时谓语应为延续性动词We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I was not able to leave. 我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脱不开身。Experiments of this kind had been conducted in Europe before the World War II. 早在“二战”爆发前，欧洲就进行过这种实验。He had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last year. 到去年年底为止，他已学会了2000个英语单词了。By seven oclock the worker had worked for ten hours. 到7点钟为止，那位工人已经工作10个小时了。4. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图图 只适用于下列动词：expect（期待），hope（希望），intend（打算），mean（打算），suppose（料想），think（认为），want（想要）等。用法If only we had listened to their advice! 我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!If only you had worked with greater care! 你要是更仔细一些该多好!Would that we had seen her before she died. 要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。5. 用于虚拟语气用于虚拟语气过去完成时的这一用法，常见于以if only等引导的感叹句。过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish.（我希望），Id rather.（我宁愿）后的that-从句。Id rather you hadnt been present. 我宁愿你当时不在场。If I had asked for directions, I wouldnt have gotten lost. 如果我问一下路，就不会迷失方向了。Helen said (that) she had moved to another flat. 海伦说她已搬到另一套房间去了。He said he had been there before. 他说他曾经去过那里。6. 用于间接引语用于间接引语过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式，在间接引语中多有这种情况。用法7. 用于宾语从句用于宾语从句过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去动作的用法，多见于宾语从句。一般说来，主句中用了know（知道），realize（意识到），think（认为），suppose（猜想），guess（推测），find（找到），discover（发现），decide（决定），remember（想起），forget（忘记）等动词的一般过去时，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时：We realized we had lost our way. 我们意识到我们迷路了。I didnt think to ask her if she had passed her examination. 我没有想问她是否考试及格了。1. I had no difficulty finding Anns house because she _(give) us clear directions before. 2. The twins, who _ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton in the playground. 3. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ (see) most of the guests before. 4. Shakespeares play Hamlet _ (make) into at least ten different films by the end of last year. 5. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap) in the mountains for two days.练习Keys1. had given2. had finished3. had seen4. had been made5. had been trapped句子解析4辨析比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 截止到昨天十点，截止到昨天十点，他们已经抵达了车站。They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 在昨天十点在昨天十点，他们抵达了车站。一、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before，after，as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.因为只有before一个模糊的时间点，因此一般过去时和过去完成时都可以使用。辨析 I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在。）观察例句 二、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ to Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone2. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had解析：1. B “他去北京之前在上海大学学习了4年。”在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此横线动词应用过去完成时。故选B。2. D 此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据for two weeks可知应用延续性动词。故选 D。答题技巧1. 由由“过去的过去过去的过去”来判定来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。（在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。）如： She said that she had seen the film before.（2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的，要用一般过去时。如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.在语法填空等题型中，我们会遇到在语法填空等题型中，我们会遇到考查动词的时态语态类型的题目，考查动词的时态语态类型的题目，怎么确定是否使用过去完成时呢？怎么确定是否使用过去完成时呢？答题技巧在语法填空等题型中，我们会遇到在语法填空等题型中，我们会遇到考查动词的时态语态类型的题目，考查动词的时态语态类型的题目，怎么确定是否使用过去完成时呢？怎么确定是否使用过去完成时呢？2. 由时间状语来判定由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by + 过去的时间点I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（2）by the end of + 过去的时间点We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3）before + 过去的时间点They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.3. 根据上、下文来判定根据上、下文来判定I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.练习1. Soon Wu Dong _ (catch) up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck. 2. Mary said it was at least five years since he _ (enjoy) a good drink.3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to解析：解析：1. 根据第一句的固定动词词组catch up with sb及第二句的过去时态可知，填caught。2. “It was + 时间段 + since”引导的从句中用过去完成时，应填had enjoyed。3. “小培说她去了海南三个月。”have been to和have gone to都是短暂性的动词短语。所以应填表示状态的have been in。选B。1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was seven? A. did; do B. has; done C. did; did D. had; done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten. A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. has learned4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A. had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked5. She said she _ the principle already. A. has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen6. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden; from B. had hidden; from C. has hidden; with D. had hidden; with一、选择正确的选项一、选择正确的选项KEYS1.A2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B1.2.3.4.5.They will not decide their attitude until they have heard what the speaker has to say. The station master told us the train had left five minutes before. Im tired. I have been working very hard.She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in. He had been lying in bed a few minutes when the door bell rang.二、将下列句子翻译成汉语二、将下列句子翻译成汉语