二轮专题复习课件定语从句考点例析.ppt

定语从句高考考点例析 Last week I bought a book. It is very interestingLast week I bought a book and it is very interesting.The book (that /which )I bought last week is very interesting.Last week I bought a book , which is very interesting.定定语语从从句句限 制限 制性 定性 定语 从语 从句句非 限非 限制 性制 性定 语定 语从从 句句关系代词关系副词v结构结构：v先行词先行词+关系代词关系代词/副词副词+从句从句 关系代词关系代词：v whom, who, that, which, asvWhose:是是who,which的所有格，指的所有格，指“谁谁的的”， “某物的某物的”v关系副词关系副词：vWhere, when, why, the relative pronounsreferring tofunction in the clausewhich that whowhomwhose thing subject/ objectthing subject/ objectpersonperson subject/ objectperson object person thing attributiverelative adverbs referring to function in the clause where whenwhyplace adverbialtime adverbialreason adverbialThe same as/suchas/asas非限制性定语非限制性定语从从 句句 分隔定语从句分隔定语从句 一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟着它所修饰的先一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟着它所修饰的先行词的，但是有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其行词的，但是有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其它成分分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从它成分分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句。句。 Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? The boss of the company, whose name was Mr.Little, told the story. Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.( ) Have a try5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. I like the person to whom you just talked.7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. 8. We shall never the days when we lived together. 考点一考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1. 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2.先行词先行词被被 all, any ,no ,little, much, some ,every修饰时修饰时. 先行词前有形容词先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词最高级、序数词修饰时，修饰时，用用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.考点一：考点一：that和和which. 先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用修饰时，用that。.The only thing that we could do was ( to) wait. You can take any seat that is free. Thats the very word that is wrongly used. This is one of the presents that my boy friend gave me on my birthday. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.、被修饰词为数词时。、被修饰词为数词时。 Yesterday I caught two fish and them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.、如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已、如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已 which，另一个关系代词则宜用，另一个关系代词则宜用that，以，以 避免语言的单调或重复。避免语言的单调或重复。 、主句是、主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用语从句宜用that作关系代词。作关系代词。 Theres still a seat in the corner that is still free. 、定语从句中缺表语时，该关系代词宜用、定语从句中缺表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 He is not the person that he was ten years ago.Ex. 1. The book _you lent to me is very interesting. 2. Tom is the student _ handwriting is the best in our class. 3.Is the man _talked to you just now Mr Wang ? 4. I live in the room the door of_ is white. 5.Ill never forget the days _ I spent in the country. 6. I will never the days_ I studied with you. (that /which ) whose who / thatwhich( which/ that ) when7.Can you tell me the reason _ you were late for class this morning ? 8. Is this the factory _ you visited last week ? 9. Is this the factory _ _you worked last year ? 10. Is this factory _ you visited last week ? 11. China is no longer the country _ it used to be. 12. All _ should be done has been done. why ( which /that) where/ in which the onethatthat 13. I dont like the way _ he smiles. 14. This is the reason _ _you explain to me. 15. This is the first time_ I have been in Beijing. 16.I , _ _ your best friend ,should help you. 17.Jim is the only one of the students _ _ passed the exam. (that / in which)( that / which ) ( that) who am who has先行词被先行词被 the same/ such / so 修饰时，关系代修饰时，关系代词词 as 引导引导1.I have never seen such a lazy man as he.2. I have the same book as you bought last week.3. He is of about the same age as you.4.This is the same book as I lost. that I lost. 1.As a teacher , I have never give my students so difficult a problem _ they cant work out.2. As a teacher , I have never give my students such difficult problems _ they cant work out. _ they cant work them out.asasthat 考点二：连接词考点二：连接词which的用法的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 关系代词关系代词as和和which as和和which所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容。有两点不同之处：。有两点不同之处： 、在形式上、在形式上as引导的非限制定语从句可位于引导的非限制定语从句可位于主主句后面，也可位于主句之前句后面，也可位于主句之前；而；而which 引导的非引导的非限制定语从句限制定语从句只只能位于能位于主句之后主句之后，不能位于主句，不能位于主句的前面。的前面。 、在意义上，、在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系一般为定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为一致关系，常译为“正正.”，“就象就象.”，而，而which定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which从句是对主句的评论从句是对主句的评论。(因此，因此， 在意思通顺在意思通顺的情况下，的情况下，which可代替可代替as，而，而as许多时候不能代许多时候不能代替替which。) He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again.考点五：考点五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用以互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居关系代词引导的定语从句居句首句首时。时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.Go on Please!3. 当当从句和主句语义一致从句和主句语义一致时，用时，用as，反，反之则用之则用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected. Go on please!4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如动语态，如be known，be said，be reportedannounced/等，等，# 如从句中行为动词是如从句中行为动词是含有复宾结构含有复宾结构，一般要，一般要用用which作主语。作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected# Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. . It made us and it made 考点三：介词考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词* “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。词、分数词、数词等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these machines about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1988 was the year in which she was born.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定4.4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用分时，可用“数词数词/ /代词代词 + of + + of + 关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing. I have two friends,both of whom are doctors.关系代词前的介词的确定关系代词前的介词的确定5. Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“ of +关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which opens to the south.Can you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithout考点四考点四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先的先行词是行词是时间名词时间名词，where的先行词是的先行词是地地点名词点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。，分别在定语从句中做状语。e.g.1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. whenThey stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had. A.which B.which time C.during which time D. during whichC1.When they got there, it was 5 p.m., by which time we had finished the work.2.She came home at 1 a.m., at which hour her mother was still waiting for her.3.The repairs will last from April to October, during which time we can build another building.4 . Water boils at 100 ,at which temperature it is changed into steam.5. He goes to bed at ten , at which hour his mother locks all the door.That / what 在定语从句和在定语从句和名词性从句的区别名词性从句的区别语法专项练习1. Toms brother, _ lives in London, is an engineer. A.whom B. who C.that D. which2. The dictionary,_ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen. A.which B.that C.for which D.to which3. Grandma Liang has two sons,_ are soldiers. A.two of whom B.whom C.both of whom D.one of themBCC4. He arrived half an hour late, _ made us unhappy. A.that B.as B.what D.which5. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had. A.which B.which time C.during which time D. during whichDC6. She has a lot of photos, _ were taken when she was five years old. A.many of which B.many C.of which D.what7. I have heard from my uncle, _ is in Canada. A.which B.that C.whom D.who8. This dictionary, a few pages_ are missing, is of no use. A.of which B.among which C.in which D.to whichADA9. The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect. A.what B. which C.that D.it10. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.thatBB11. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A.that; which B.when; which C.which; that D.when; who12. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable. A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whoseDB13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A.where B.which C.while D.why14. Is this the house _ he visited last years? Is this house _ he visited last years? A.that B.which C.where D.the oneAA / BDCorrect the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.Correct the sentences:5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.Correct the sentences:9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11. We heard the news which our team won the game.12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.Correct the sentences:13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.14. That was the reason because she looked old.15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.Correct the sentences:17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.Correct the sentences:21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.22. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24. The bike by which I travelled was his.Point out the mistakes in the following sentences and tell the reasons:1) all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much，etc.2) all, every, no, some, any, little, much, only, last, etc.Please just tell me anything which you know about the author of the book.Ive read all the books which are not mine. (3) 序数词序数词/最高级最高级+ 先行词先行词 + thatThis is the first book which he has read.thatthatthat+ that+ 先行词先行词 + that(4) the only, the very, the same, the last + 先行词先行词 + thatThis is the very book which belongs to him.（5）人）人/物物 + thatSuddenly the house fell , and hurt a woman and her dog which were just passing by . thatthat(6) 特殊疑问句的主语是特殊疑问句的主语是 who , which 开头时，后面的从开头时，后面的从 句用关系代词句用关系代词 that 。Who is the man who is standing by the door?Which of these buses is the one which goes between thetwo cities?that1All _ is needed is a supply of oil. ( 89 )A the thing B that C what D whichB5Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. ( 2000 )A who B which C this D what6It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. ( 97 )A that B until C before D whenBA11.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable. A.which price B.its price C.the price of which D.the price of whose12、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC16、Is this the reason_ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A、he explainedB、what he explainedC、how he explainedD、why he explained A17、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that have B、that have beenC、which has D、which has beenB18、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB19、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA20、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB21、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; it B、which; whomC、that; which D、which; thatC22、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB23、I，_ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D24、His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD25、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC26、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D27、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC29、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC30、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA31、He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years.A、isB、areC、have beenD、has beenDv33.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.vA. what B. which C. where D. whenCv35.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose control over the plane.v A. where B. which C. while D. whyAv36.John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _was true.vA. he B. this C. which D. whoC37.The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. whereC1. This is the girl _ has been highly praised. A. of whom the painting B. the painting of whose C. who painting D. whose painting2. The day will surely come _ all the people in the world enjoy freedom and live in happiness. A. when B. how C. then D. why3. She bought a knife from the shop _she could peel an apple. A. which B. with that C. with which D. by whichDAC4. The reason _ he rejected our plan is that he had no faith in us. A. which B. why C. because D when5. Do you know the singer and dancer who _ standing at the gate of