定语从句完整版.ppt

定语：定语：用于修饰名词或代词用于修饰名词或代词He is a clever boy.他是一个聪明的男孩。他是一个聪明的男孩。He is a physics teacher.他是一个物理老师。他是一个物理老师。Australia is an English-speaking country.澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。 由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语,即在复即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句合句中修饰名词或代词的从句从句的位置：从句的位置： 在修饰名词或代词后在修饰名词或代词后 先行词先行词：引导词引导词： 引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as关系副词关系副词 when, where, why 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句引导词的作用：引导词的作用： (1) 引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2) 在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分 (3) 代替先行词在从句中的代替先行词在从句中的 位置位置关系代词关系代词applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is small.The apple which is green is big.先行词先行词指人指人作主语作主语作宾语作宾语 作定语作定语指物指物既指人既指人也指物也指物whothatwhomwho thatwhosethatwhichthatwhichwhosethatthatwhose作表语作表语thatthatthatwhose指指物物时时, 可可以与以与 of which 调换调换关系关系代词代词作宾作宾语可语可省略省略将下面的两组句子连接成定语从句：将下面的两组句子连接成定语从句：1)A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 先行词先行词指人指人作主语作主语作宾语作宾语 作定语作定语指物指物既指人既指人也指物也指物whothatwhomwho thatwhosethatwhichthatwhichwhosethatthatwhose作表语作表语thatthatthatwhose指指物物时时, 可可以与以与 of which 调换调换关系关系代词代词作宾作宾语可语可省略省略将下面的两组句子连接成定语从句：将下面的两组句子连接成定语从句：1)The noodles were delicious. I cooked the noodles.2)Lets ask the man. He is reading the book over there.3) We saw a girl yesterday. The girl is Jims sister.4)Thats the man. His house was burned down.将下面的两组句子连接成定语从句：将下面的两组句子连接成定语从句：1)The noodles were delicious. I cooked the noodles.2)Lets ask the man. He is reading the book over there.3) We saw a girl yesterday. The girl is Jims sister.4)Thats the man. His house was burned down.1)The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious. 2)Lets ask the man that/who is reading the book over there.3)The girl whom/who/that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.4)Thats the man whose house was burned down.引导定语从句关系代词的用法：引导定语从句关系代词的用法：1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 2)The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious. 3)Lets ask the man that/who is reading the book over there.4)The girl whom/who/that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(主语主语)(宾语宾语)指人指人whom/who/that都可作宾都可作宾语，语，whom为最好选择为最好选择5)Thats the man whose house was burned down.(定语定语)3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.1. The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that / which that / who which /that 6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher .4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .which / thatwho/whom/thatwhose连接下面两组句子为定语从句连接下面两组句子为定语从句：1. Thats the child. We looked at his drawing just now.2. I saw some trees. The leaves of the trees were black with disease.Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.1. Thats the child. We looked at his drawing just now.2. I saw some trees. The leaves of the trees were black with disease.I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease. whose 引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：引导的定语从句应注意以下几点：1.whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词应紧跟名词 Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.2. whose 引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物也可指物 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.4. Whose 的先行词指物时的先行词指物时, 可用可用of which 代替代替whose.指人不可指人不可 whose + n = the + n + of which= of which+ the + n. He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room, the window of which faces south. 3. whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间词与从句之间 Tom , on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine. that和和which在在指物指物的情况下一般都的情况下一般都可以互换可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,只能用只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词作为定语从句的关系代词(1)先行词是指物的不定代词先行词是指物的不定代词all, no, none, few, little, much, something, everything, nothing 等或被不定等或被不定代词代词all, little, few, no 等修饰等修饰I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Note(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。a. This is the first book (that) he has read.b. She is the most beautiful girl (that) I have ever seen.This is the very book that belongs to him. The old car is the only thing (that) he owned. This is the same book (that) I lent you yesterday.(3)先行词被先行词被the only, the very= just the, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。正是正是the samethat同一同一 the sameas同样同样(4) 先行词中指人又指物先行词中指人又指物 Do you know the things and person that they are talking about?(5) 若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who, which, whata. Who is the man that is standing there?b. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?c. What that is on the table belongs to you?当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.补充补充:若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who(指人指人)用用that引导引导(6) 关系代词在定语从句作表语时关系代词在定语从句作表语时She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the university.(7)在在there be 句型中句型中There is a book that is on the table.There is a girl who is my sister.there be 句句型中型中, 先行词先行词是人是人, 关系代关系代词用词用who, 是是物用物用that.(8)句中有两个定语从句时，第句中有两个定语从句时，第一个的关系代词已用了一个的关系代词已用了who 或或which, 第二个定语从句的关系代词用第二个定语从句的关系代词用that. Our English teacher is the man who is talking with the girl that is in red.1. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library.which that或去掉或去掉which。当先行。当先行词被词被all, every, no, some, any, little等等修饰时修饰时,常用常用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。改错：改错：2. This is the best film which I have ever seen.which that或去掉或去掉which。当先行。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时等所修饰时,常用常用that引引导定语从句。导定语从句。3. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.如果先行词既指人又指物时如果先行词既指人又指物时, 常用常用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。that4. Everything which we saw was of great interest.当先行词为当先行词为something, anything, everything, nothing, all等时等时,常由常由that引引导定语从句。导定语从句。which that或去掉或去掉which。 不用不用that的场合的场合(只用只用which/who/whom)如下：如下： 1）非限制性定语从句中）非限制性定语从句中 Last night , I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news. 3）句中出现了）句中出现了that，或先行词是，或先行词是that时时 I have found that which I was looking for.NoteNote 4）先行词是指人的不定代词）先行词是指人的不定代词 anyone, those等等 Anyone, who breaks the law will be punished . 5） There be 句型中修饰主语句型中修饰主语(物物)的定语从句的定语从句 Theres a student who is from Beijing. 6）先行词为人称代词：）先行词为人称代词：he, me, we等等 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.Note1. The man _ I saw told me to wait.2. The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner.3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员杂技演员)4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.whowhomwhosewhose1.This is all_I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2Is there anything else_you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itA B B4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5.There is no dictionary_you can find everything. A. that B.which C. where D. in that6.This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been writtenB. that has ever been written C. that has writtenD. that have writtenBAA7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it9.Is there anything_to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong10.The scientist and his achievements_you told me about are admired by us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose11.Which of the books_were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whoseBABBC介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句先行词：物先行词：物 - 介词介词+which 人人 - whom 物物/人人 - whose+nThe room in which there is a machine is a workshop.The man with whom I talked just now is my maths teacher.This is the boss in whose factory my father works将下列句子连接成定语从句将下列句子连接成定语从句1. The room is a workshop. There is a machine in the room.2. The man is my maths teacher. I talked with the man just now.3. This is a boss. My father works in his factory.1. The room is a workshop. There is a machine in the room.2. The man is my maths teacher. I talked with the man just now.3. This is a boss. My father works in his factory. The room is a workshop. There is a machine in which. The man is my maths teacher. I talked with whom just now. This is a boss. My father works in whose factory.1. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.2. The man with whom I talked just now is my maths teacher.3. This is the boss in whose factory my father works介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句先行词：物先行词：物 - 介词介词+which 人人 - whom 物物/人人 - whose+n注意注意: : 1. 1. 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, ,关键是判断关键是判断介词的选择介词的选择看看从句谓语从句谓语部分缺少什么介词部分缺少什么介词( (习惯搭配习惯搭配) )先行词放在从句先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词中需不需要添介词通过整个通过整个句子整体含义句子整体含义来判断来判断e.g. I dont know the man _ whom you shook hands. e.g. He dug a hole _ which his dog could get in. withthroughNote2. whom, which2. whom, which作介词宾语时作介词宾语时, ,介词一般可放介词一般可放在在whichwhich之前之前, , 也可放在从句原来的位置上也可放在从句原来的位置上, ,在在含有介词的动词固定词组中含有介词的动词固定词组中, ,介词只能放在原介词只能放在原来的位置上来的位置上. .e.g. The baby whom I looked after is my cousin. e.g. I dont know the man whom you shook hands with. = I dont know the man with whom you shook hands. 1.Do you know who lives in the building _there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in front which2. The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A.who B. to whom C. to who D whom3. His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that4.I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them5.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed was in 1945. A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which6. They held a meeting, _ which the hospital director made a speech.7. The book, _ which he paid 6 yuan ,is worth reading.8. Is this the man _ whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?atforin9. Wu Dong,_ whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.10.The stories about Long March, _ which this is one example, are well written.withof介词关系代词前可有介词关系代词前可有some, any, none, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或数词等代词或数词1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.2) The book contains 20 stories, 8 of which are about Leifeng.3) I have many good friends, each of whom helped me a lot. from where为为介词关系副词介词关系副词结结构构, 但也可引导定语从句但也可引导定语从句1. He hid behind the door, from _ he could see what was happening in the room.2. There is a library near my home, from _ I can borrow many books.wherewhich1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose2. The dictionary,_ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen. A. which B. that C. for which D .to which3. Grandma Liang has two sons,_ are soldiers. A. two of whom B. whom C. both of whom D. one of them4. He arrived half an hour late, _ made us unhappy. A. that B. as B. what D. whichBCCD关系副词关系副词 when, where, why的用法的用法 关系副词都等于一个适当的介词关系副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语，在从句中作状语When = in/at/on/+which;Where = in/at/on/+which;Why = for /+which作状语：作状语：关系副词关系副词 when 时间时间 where 地点地点 why 原因原因 1. This is the factory _ he works.2. I dont know the reason _ he was late.3. I still remember the day _ I met him.wherewhywhen=in whichfor whichon which The day I met him first was May 1st. The year I came here was 1998. The reason he was late was that he got up late. whenwhenfor whichon whichin which why1.1.取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用就必须用关系副词或介词关系副词或介词+ +关系代词关系代词；而及物动词后；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用接宾语，则要求用关系代词关系代词。2.2.要看他们要看他们在从句中作什么成份在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。1）This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.2）Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.3）Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.1.Ill never forget the days _we spent together in Paris.2.Ill remember the days _we stayed together.3.This is the factory _we visited last year.4.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.thatwhichwhenthatwhichwherevt.vi.vt.vi.during whichin which5.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.6.The reason _he gave us sounded reasonable.whythatwhich(合理的）合理的）for whichThis is the house .I lived in it two years ago.This is the house_ I lived in two years ago.This is the house _ I lived two years ago.This is the house _ I lived two years ago. (that/which)in whichwhere 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它 主句意思往往不明确；主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。(1)This is the house which we bought last month.（限制性）（限制性）(2)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(非限制性）非限制性）(3)Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.(非限制性）非限制性）1.关系代词关系代词和关系副词和关系副词不能引导不能引导非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。 2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句作宾语不可省略。从句作宾语不可省略。1.We should learn from those_are always ready to help others.A.who B.whom C.they D.that2.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who_in China. A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working3 .Tom is the only one of the students who_to Shanghai.A.have gone B.have been C.has been D.had gone4.He has left for Beijing,_a meeting is to be held.A.when B.where C.as D.which5.This is the very place_Im wishing to live in.A.where B.which C.that D.in which6.She wrote a letter to her father,_she made her secret known.A.which B.that C.in which D.where7.Oxygen is a kind of gas,_we couldnt live.A.without it B.without that C.without which D.if not8.I,_your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which amBCCCB1.which1.which和和asas都能引导都能引导定语从句，指代定语从句，指代主句的某一个词，在主句的某一个词，在从句中充当主语或宾语。从句中充当主语或宾语。但但通常用在通常用在结构中结构中I will give you such things as you I will give you such things as you may need.may need.This is the same watch as I lost.This is the same watch as I lost.This is the same watch that I lost.This is the same watch that I lost.“as”“as”和和”which”which”引导定语从句的区别引导定语从句的区别同一同一同样同样2.which2.which和和asas都能引导都能引导定语从句定语从句a. As we expected, he passed the exam.b. He took away my photo, which made me unhappy. c. The house, which they built 2 years ago, fell down in the earthquake.1)1)asas引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时。而。而whichwhich既可指代前面既可指代前面，也可也可前面句子中的前面句子中的。3)as 3)as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”. ”. 的含义的含义, ,常用于常用于as is announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown或或as usually happen, as is often the case, as we know等句型等句型2)as2)as和和whichwhich引导的引导的非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句指代整指代整个主句个主句, as引导的从句引导的从句可放在可放在主句之前、之后主句之前、之后或中间或中间, ,而而whichwhich引导的从句只能放在引导的从句只能放在句末句末. .4 4）当后置的非限定性定语从句是）当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定否定结构结构时，只能用时，只能用whichwhich引导引导 He made a long speech, as was expected.He made a long speech, which was not expected/unexpected.Tom drinks a lot everyday, which his wife doesnt like at all.1._was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_Greek letters. A.as ,are B