2022年高考英语一轮精选练Unit4Earthquakes试题新人教版必修.doc

Unit 4 Earthquakes李仕才一、阅读理解。(2022·四川省成都市诊断性检测)What are your retirement plans? Keep working? Get more exercise? Or learn something new? You may put them on hold. Theres a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars (火星)On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. Set in the not­so­distant year of 2037, the igloo­shaped structure could be the home of your future.It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisablekitchen, bedroombut there are fundamental differences that are vital for human survival.As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earths, people will need permanent shelter from the sun and society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses wont have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double air­locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.“We dont think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre， says Stephen Petranek, author of How Well Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of sci­fi. “Ten to twenty years from now there will certainly be people on Mars， Petranek says.“Weve had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we havent had the will， Petranek says. “But two main factors have completely swung public attitudes.The private companies participation has forced government agencies to up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught societys eye.【解题导语】本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍。1What can we know about the show home from the text?AIt has no windows or doors due to security concern.BIts design presents the idea of environmental protection.CIt has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.DIts underground passages connect all the buildings together.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句可推知，火星样板房的设计采用了可回收的宇宙飞船上的一些部件，表达了环保意识，应选B。2What do the underlined words “put them on hold in Paragraph 1 probably mean?APut them off.BGive them away.CCarry them through.DTake them seriously.A解析：词义猜想题。根据第一段的最后一句可推知，之前的列举都可能被搁置下来，而去火星居住迟早会成为可能，应选A。3According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars?AThe great influence of Mars show home.BThe development of related technology.CThe competition from private companies.DThe popularity of influential books on Mars.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The private companies participation has forced government agencies to up their game可知，Petranek认为一些私人企业的参与促进了送人类去火星居住这一设想的进程，应选C。4What is the best title for the text?ALiving on Mars: Possible or NotBSending People to Mars: Yes or NoCFirst Ever Show Home: How Is It Made?DFuture Home on Mars: What Will It Be like?D解析：标题归纳题。根据全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍，应选D。二、单句语法填空1It had gotten very cold, and I guessed the good weather was an end.答案：at2With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in (ruin)答案：ruins3In the past ten years a number of high buildings (arise) where there was nothing but ruins.答案：have arisen4(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?答案：had done5When she heard about the news that her father had died in the accident, she burst out (cry)答案：crying6This (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.答案：frightened7After very careful consideration, I decided to take a risk based on my own (judge)答案：judgment8On arriving there, we expressed our (congratulate) to him on his success.答案：congratulations9A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those (trap) in the building.答案：trapped10(2022·北京东城一模)My daughter, job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.答案：whose三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。Six­year­old Matthew Parker was in need of a kidney (肾) transplant，and his family looked all over the country for a suitable donor.Up to 80 people signed up to _1_ a living organ to the first­grader.Coincidentally，the person chosen to donate a kidney to Matthew was his _2_，Lindesy Painter.Matthew had been on the transplant machine for a _3_ time and developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys，so it was _4_ to find a match for him.The doctor had _5_ the family to be“realisticand used the term“needle in a haystackseveral times.When _6_ were asked to be tested，Painter was the first one to sign up._7_ the teacher learned the results，she had to get several _8_ done.She was _9_ when she got a call back saying she was a“_10_ matchPainter didn't make the _11_ lightly.She knew that Matthew needs a kidney，and she had pity _12_ anyone going through this.It was especially difficult for her to _13_ the condition _14_ one of her two sons.“I watch my healthy，_15_，loud，wild children running around，she said.“Matthew deserves to _16_ a normal，healthy，active life like my boys.Matthew was so excited to _17_ that his teacher would be donating a kidney to him that he hugged her.His mother was _18_ grateful to Lindsey Painter，saying her son's donor was a“selflessand“giving personfor _19_ her son.The _20_ for the kidney donation took place in the following month.Matthew's mother said，“My son's new kidney means a special bond between student and teacher that goes far beyond the classroom.1A.give up Bgive offCgive in Dgive down2A.mother BdeskmateCfriend Dteacher3A.long BshortClimited Dgood4A.easy BdifficultCconvenient Dquick5A.accused BstoppedCwarned Dblamed6A.students BdoctorsCnurses Dvolunteers7A.After BBeforeCWhen DUntil8A.tests BpreparationsClessons Dworries9A.frightened BpleasedCastonished Dannoyed10A.eager BrareCcommon Dperfect11A.progress BpracticeCmistake Ddecision12A.for BonCto Din13A.imagine BpretendCsupport Dwaste14A.threatening BoccurringCaffecting Dinforming15A.passive BactiveCtiring Dboring16A.suffer BsurviveCbear Dlive17A.feel BlearnCwonder Dsuppose18A.deeply BcrazilyCnoisily Dquietly19A.sharing BbeatingCsaving Ddiscovering20A.operations BpackagesCstories Dstruggles【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的Matthew Parker需要适宜的肾源做肾移植手术。巧合的是，在这些愿意捐肾的志愿者当中，Matthew Parker的老师是最正确人选。学生和老师被这个肾脏紧密联系在一起。1A考查动词短语辨析。根据文章第一句中的“in need of a kidney(肾) transplant可知，Matthew Parker需要做肾脏移植手术，因此这里指有80个人愿意捐肾。give up意为“放弃，让与，在此处指“捐出，符合语境。应选A。2D考查名词辨析。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“his teacher would be donating a kidney to him可知，被选定捐肾的人是Matthew Parker的老师。应选D。3A考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“developed antibodies (抗体) to most kidneys以及下文医生的警告可知，Matthew Parker已经等了很长时间了。long意为“长的，符合语境。应选A。4B考查形容词辨析。根据下一句“The doctor had _ the family to berealistic and used the termneedle in a haystack several times.可知，很难找到适宜的肾源。difficult意为“困难的，符合语境。应选B。5C考查动词辨析。根据医生所说的内容可知，医生是在警告和提醒他们。warn意为“提醒，警告，符合语境。应选C。6D考查名词辨析。根据第一段第二句“Up to 80 people signed up to _ a living organ to the first­grader.可知，此处指这些志愿者被要求做配型试验。volunteer意为“志愿者，符合语境。应选D。7B考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指老师在得知配型试验的结果之前。before意为“在之前，符合语境。应选B。8A考查名词辨析。根据第三段第一句中的“When _ were asked to be tested可知，老师在得知结果之前，已经做了几次配型试验。test意为“试验，符合语境。应选A。9C考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，老师之前做过配型试验，但都没有成功，因此当得知这次配型成功时，老师应该会很惊讶。astonished意为“感到惊讶的，符合语境。应选C。10D考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，做配型试验是为了找到最适宜的肾源。perfect意为“最正确的，适宜的，符合语境。应选D。11D考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，Painter并不是轻率地就做了这个决定。make decision意为“做决定，符合语境。应选D。12B考查固定搭配。have pity on. 是固定搭配，意为“同情。应选B。13A考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指Painter很难想象自己的两个儿子也碰到类似的状况，因为她的孩子并没有患病。imagine意为“想象，假设，符合语境。应选A。14C考查动词辨析。此处指Painter很难想象这种状况会影响自己的儿子。affect意为“影响，符合语境。应选C。15B考查形容词辨析。空格处和“healthy并列，应为褒义词。active意为“活泼的，充满活力的，符合语境。应选B。16D考查动词辨析。live a. life是固定搭配，意为“过着的生活。应选D。17B考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，当Matthew得知是自己的老师要给他捐肾时，他非常冲动。learn意为“得悉，得知，符合语境。应选B。18A考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，Matthew的母亲非常感谢Painter老师。deeply意为“很，非常，表示程度。应选A。19C考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，Painter老师捐出自己的肾脏，挽救了Matthew的生命。save意为“挽救。符合语境。应选C。20A考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在接下来的这个月，Matthew要做肾脏移植手术。operation意为“手术，符合语境。应选A。 四、单句改错1I havent read all of his books before, but judged from the one I have read, I think hes a very promising writer. 答案：judgedjudging2He has three daughters, all of who went abroad for further study. 答案：whowhom3She is always talking as if she knows everything under the sun. 答案：knowsknew4As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language. 答案：isare5To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been carried to the nearby hospital. 答案：hashave五、单元语法定语从句()1(2022·浙江嘉兴一中阶段性考试)The book tells us some skills such as how to put everything we have learned from life into beautiful pictures.答案：that2(2022·江西二校联考)Back to the gas station, I offered her the bag, she gladly accepted.答案：which3(2022·安徽宣城检测)I have never performed such a task youve asked me to do.答案：as4(2022·江西九江一中月考)Las Vegas has many wonderful restaurants you can eat many different kinds of food.答案：where5(2022·安徽马鞍山期中)New lawyers often come across various cases they really dont know how to deal with a tough situation in the beginning.答案：where7