2022年中考英语语法考点知识复习11.docx

2022年中考英语考点11常见习惯用语一知识概要 由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。二正误辨析 误 - What can I do for you - Yes， please help me 正 - What can I do for you - I'd like to buy a sweater 析 What can I do for you 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么 在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么 它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。误 - Which colour do you like - Sorry， I don't like 正 - Which colour do you like - I prefer blue 析 由 which 来提问的问句是要答复具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的答复。如 Yes， I like it析 Do you like 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming Do you like collecting stamps 而 would you like 那么是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：Shall we go 我们走吧!Let's go 让我们走吧!How about having a cup of tea 喝杯茶如何 What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何 Why not buy it 为什么不买呢 其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， OAll right， With pleasure误 Sorry， I've kept you waitingNot at all 正 Sorry， I've kept you waitingNever mind 析 "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：- Do you mind my smoking here - Yes， do it pleaseNo， of course notYes， take it pleaseNo， you can't take it这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项那么自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：Do you mind if I open the door Would you mind mailing the letter for me其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry误 What's that man He is Mike 正 What's that man He is a teacher 正 Who's that man He is Mike (He is Mike's father) 析 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。误 - How much are they - Half a kilo， please 正 - How many bananas do you want - Half a kilo Please 析 How much are they 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。误 I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park 正 Excuse me， but is this the way to the park 析 I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方抱歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打搅对方之前表达歉意的话。- You are the same - The same to you 析 The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。误 - What's the problem - I've got a headache 正 What's wrong with you I've got a headache 析 What's wrong with you 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem 是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。误 - Now， I'm back Can I play - Perhaps You'd better do your homework first 正 - Now， I'm back Can I play - I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first 析 Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 那么表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：I'm afraid that you are right其后直接加宾语从句。- I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital其后not，表示否认。- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog其后名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam其后 of 动名词，表示害怕做某事。Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam其后 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。误 - How soon will you be ready - Two days 正 - How soon will you be ready - In two days 析 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，那么答语可以用 two days。- I don't mind- Monday and Tuesday of next week - When exactly- Monday and Tuesday of next week 析 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来答复 Would you mind这一提问的，但如仔细看一看那么会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。误 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you " 正 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello This is Tom speaking " 析 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比方，当你拿起 时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking) "但不要讲"Who are you "如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××"就语法而论，"Who are you " "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打 这一场合，就不宜用了。误 - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend - I don't hope so 正 - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend - I hope not 析 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否认句中却常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 那么意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 那么为：我想可能不会发生吧!误 - Is anybody there - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 正 - Is everybody there - No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 析 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there 在英语中为：这里有人吗 而Is everybody there 为：全都到齐了吗 所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave误 - Your handwriting is very good!- No， my handwriting is very poor 正 - Your handwriting is very good!- Thank you 析 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人那么往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比方中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going 或 Have you had your breakfast yet 而英美人那么认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 那么被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中那么十分少见。误 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I'll go first" 正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I have to go" 析 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 那么表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人那么十分不愿做此事。- I'd like to， and I'm too busy - I'd like to， but I'm too busy 析 I'm too busy 与 I'd like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义符合逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的根底上的词语辨析。误 - Where's Deter 正 - Where's Deter 析 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。误 - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!- Great You look well too 正 - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!- Thanks You look well too 析 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 那么表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。三例题解析 1 - Would you like to have some rice - AYes， I like BYes， please Cof course DYes， I have答案 B.析 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受那么讲 Yes， please 如不想接受那么用No， thanks2 - Nice to see you- AGood morning BHappy to meet you， too CNice to see you， too DPleased to meet you， too答案 C.析 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。3 - Would you please give me some water - AYes， I would BCertainly CNo， thanks DYes， please答案 B.析 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的答复是肯定的。而Yes， please 为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。4 - Thank you very much for helping me- CNo need DDon't say that答案 A.5 - Hello， Lucy How are you - And you AFine， thanks BYes， I am CGlad to meet you DGood afternoon答案 A.析 在正常交往中一定要防止所问非所答。所以对 How are you 的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"6 - Help yourself to some meat- AIt sounds nice BYes， please CYes， Let's help each other DThank you答案 D.析 Help yourself to some meat 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。7 - Oh， I am not feeling well I've got a cold- AFine， How are you BNever mind Take care CWell， I 'm sure to get weel soon DI'm sorry to hear that 答案 D.析 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C那么是中国人常讲的答语。8 - Meimei you speak English very well- ANo， I don't think so BThank you very muchCNot good enough DThat's all right答案 B.9 - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please "- , Mum I'll get itAYes， I could BNo， thanks 答案 C.析 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中那么不应这样用。10 - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away - ANo， thanks BWith pleasure CI'm not afraid DI'm sure you will答案 B.析 With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。11 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please - AHold on， please BThat's the headmaster， please CWho are you please DSorry I'm not the headmaster答案 A.析 hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将 放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在 用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。12 - Happy birthday!- AThank you BThe same to you CGood luck DCongratulations答案 A.析 the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。13 - I'm sorry I don't know the way， either You'd better ask that policeman for help - AGood night BThat's nothing CVery well DThank you all the same答案 D.析 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语那么为 Thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。14 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything- AI'm sorry BDon't worry CGood luck DBad luck答案 D.析 如果用A那么要用 I'm sorry to hear that而不能单用 I'm sorry 因I'm sorry 是向对方抱歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。15 - - I have got a coughAWhat's your trouble BWhat have you got 答案 A.析 What's your trouble 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you 16 - Would you like to go shopping with me - AYes， I'd love to BThat's right CYes， please DQuite well答案 A.析 表示愿意作某事应讲：I'd love to I'd like to17 - What's the weather like today!- AIt's nice for a walk BI like autumn best of allCIt will be fine tomorrow DIt's rather cold today答案 D.析 此题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D18 - Is Jane in ，please I want to speak to her- Sorry， she is out You'd better Avisit her in the office Bcall her later Csee her this afternoon Dspeak to her yourself答案 B.析 call her later 晚些时候再来 。19 - - Very well， thank you， and you AHow do you do BGood morning CHow are you these days DHow do you like English 答案 C.析 此题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do 的答语应为 How do you do 20 - How is your mother - AShe is old BShe is no better than she was CShe is kindhearted DShe is in her forties答案 B.析 How is your mother 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项那么是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项那么是所问非所答。21 - Thank you very much for your help- CThere's no trouble DNo， no答案 A.22 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him He says " "AIt was nothing BI'm glad you enjoyed it CDon't say it DNo， needn't答案 B.析 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。23 - Thank you for your good present- AIt's not good BNo， no CMy pleasure DNever mind答案 C.24 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you答案 B.25 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner - A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't答案 B.析 That's all right 没关系。26 - I'm sorry if I hurt you- AI'm sorry BIt's not true CIt doesn't matter DDon't say sorry答案 C.27 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you - AI'm sorry BWhat a pity CIt doesn't matter to me DThat's terrible答案 B.析 What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。28 - Help yourself to some fish- AYou are very kind BYes， I'm helping myself CThank you DYes， don't worry about me答案 C.29 - Are you ready -_ AI'm very sorry BTry to be patient 答案 C.析 not yet 意为还没有完成。30 - Mum， I have passed the exam- AThat's all right BCongratulations CYou are luck DGood luck to you答案 B.31 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again- AAll right BThat's all right COK DI hope so， too答案 D.ANo， you needn't BNo， you mustn't CNo， you may not DNo， you can't答案 A.析 must 提问表示必须这样做吗 而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否认句那么要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。33 - I pay you the house rent right away - Yes， you have to do itAShall BWay CMust DHave答案 C.34 - Don't you think this colour is too bright - AYes， I agree BYes， but I don't think so CYes， of course not DYes， what's wrong 答案 A.35 - It was cold yesterday- ASo was it BSo it was CI believe not so DI believe not答案 B.析 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，那么不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，那么要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。36 - What do you think of the song - AI like music very much BI like it too CWith pleasure DIt sounds sweet答案 D.析 sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。37 Do you like tea or coffee AYes， I do BThank you CThat's fine DEither will do答案 D.析 either will do 为两者哪个都可以。38 I like your sweater very much ANo， it's ugly BSorry 答案 C.析 这是英美语言的习惯。39 He likes travelling by train ASo do I BI dos CI like so DI like it， neither答案 A.40 - How do you like your school - AI like it very much BIt's very beautifulCI doesn't like it DVery well答案 B.析 How do you like 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。41 What a nice day! AYou're right BNo， isn't it CYes， isn't it DReally 答案 C.析 Yes， isn't it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗 42 - Hello， - This is Della speakingAWho are you BAre you Tom CWho is that DPlease tell me who are you答案 C.析 用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。43 -What's he like - AHe likes English BHe is old CHe is like a farmer DHe is tall and this答案 D.析 要区分 What's he like 如 What does he like 前者为：他长得什么样 而后者是：他喜欢什么。44 How did you do your job Not very well， AI'm sure BI am afraid CThank you DI'm sorry答案 B.析 I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。45 - your aunt -She is a principal of a middle schoolAWhat does BWhere does CWhat is DWhom is答案 C.46 - - He is my bossAWhat's the man BWho is the man CHow is the man DWhat does the man do 答案 B.47 - May I have your name - ANo， no BYou're polite CCall me John DIt's kind of you答案 C.48 - Shall I make coffee for you - AYes， thank you BNo， don't trouble CDon't trouble this， thank you DNo， don't make it答案 A.49 - Could you show me the way to Mr Buown's