2022版八年级英语上册期末复习知识点总结.docx

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation Activities：写出动词过去式go on vacation去度假 be on vacation 度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营feel like给的感觉；感受到feel like doing sthgo shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 那么只用作定语。复合不定代词：由some，any，no，every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone某人 something 某物，某事anybody = anyone任何人 anything什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物nobody = no one没有人，不重要的人 nothing没有东西，什么也没有;不重要的人或事everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人everything每一个事物，一切词组：for nothing(徒劳，没有好结果，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，Its nothing. (不用谢，不必在意)anybody else(别人)1复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。作主语I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。作宾语Thats nothing.没什么。作表语2作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用it；代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词，一般用they，在正式文体中可用he。如：Everyone knows what they have to do, dont theyEveryone knows what he has to do, doesnt he 每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗2something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否认句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 I have somethingimportant to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。肯定句Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。肯定句Has anything happened 出什么事了吗疑问句We cant decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。否认句If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打 。条件状语从句3复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语那么须放在它们的后面。 There is nothingwrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。形容词This is somethingspecial. 这是种特别的东西。形容词Is there anythingimportantin todays newspaper 今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗形容词Do you want anythingto drink 你想喝点什么吗If there is anythingI can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，即everyone、everybody、someone，somebody都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，s要加在else后面。如：That must be somebody elses coat; it isnt mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如：Is anybody here 有人吗You can take any one of these. 你可以随便拿一个。与some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否认句或疑问句中，notany-构成完全否认，但没有any-not的说法；与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定答复的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用，后加of合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来look+adj. 看起来smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有seem+to be+ adj. 看起来No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth.arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停歇Why not do. sth. 为什么不做呢so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做怎么样tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人不要做某事want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人不要做某事1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否认句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好似做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好似；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好似，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .1)创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.2)机器开动： I cant start my car.3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上表示数目、程度= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 普及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.Much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit2 How often do you exercise help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事be friendly with sb.与某人友好相处be friendly to sb. 对某人友好be kind to sb. 对某人友好go camping去野营such as比方；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医morn than多于；超过 less than少于help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about .怎么样/ 好不好want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句 有多少 主语+find+that从句. 发现 Its+ adj.+to do sth. 做某事的的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth. 通过做某事 Whats your favorite 你最喜爱的是什么the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Whichdo you like best 你最喜欢词语辨析：how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here How long is the ruler how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park Its about 2 kilometers.1.还可作“免费的、自由的解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.2.3.stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.6.7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担忧的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担忧： Im afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.Thats Tara, isnt it Are you as friendly as your sister Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends.be similar to与相像的/类似的 be the same as和相同；与一致 be different from与不同care about关心；介意 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的touch ones heart感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋be good at擅长 be good with善于与相处have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good atdoing sth擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样Its+ adj.+for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事的。词语辨析：laugh v. &n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要快乐得太早。与at连用嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.误though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1原级不作比较，修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really；2比较级，表示“较或“更的意思两者之间进行比较, 标志词than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词much,a lot,a little；3最高级，表示“最的意思三者或三者以上作比较，形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带inof短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规那么变化： 构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e词尾的词，加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinest latestfinest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先把“y改为“i，再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音节词和局部双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticmore outgoingmost beautifulmost athleticmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规那么变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther更远 further更深远 farthest(最远) furthest最深远as(原级)as与一样 not as/soas不如Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.Unit4 Whats the best movie theater 1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3. How do you like it so far 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions movie theater电影院 close to离近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演and so on等等 all kinds of各种各样的 be up to是的职责；由决定not everybody并不是每个人 make up编造故事、谎话等 play a role in在方面发挥作用/有影响for example例如 takeseriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物How do you like 你认为怎么样Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。What do you think of 你认为怎么样 much+adj./adv.的比较级 得多watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+可数名词的复数 之一形容词和副词的最高级比较级有变化，一般词尾加-er，最高级有变化，词尾加上-est，词尾假设是哑音e, 直接加r就可以，词尾假设是哑音e, 直接加上-st，辅音字母加y, 记得把y变i加-er,辅音字母加y, y变i再加-est,一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-er，一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-est，形副音节123，比较等级more在前。形副单词多音节，最高级前the most。1.表示由动词加-ing或-ed构成的形容词。2.表示由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词。3.表示局部双音节及多音节词。tall- taller short- shorter long- longer fat- fatter heavy- heavier thin - thinner cute - cuter clever- clevereststrict- stricter kind-kinder nice - nicer calm - calmer wild - wilder smart- smarter quiet - quieter loud-louder shy - shier lovely - lovelier pretty- prettier ugly-uglier funny- funnier friendly-friendlier / less friendlyhappy-happier lazy - lazierpopular- more popular outgoing more outgoing talented-more talented serious more/less seriousactive-more active athletic -more athletichandsome -more handsome beautiful - more beautiful hardworking more/ less hardworking( jump) high - higher ( run ) fast - faster ( work ) hard - harder ( get up ) early - earlier ( sing ) well - sing better late - later( dance ) well - dance better( play basketball ) well - (play basketball ) betterbe good at - be better at ( feel )good - ( feel )better(sing) clearly - (sing) more clearly(speak) loudly - (speak) more loudlycalmly - more calmly wildly - more wildly quietly - more quietlyseriously -more seriouslyactively - more activelyUnit5 Do you want to watch a game show think of认为 learn from从获得；向学习 find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目game show游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生 watch a movie看电影 a pair of一双；一对try ones best尽某人最大努力 as famous as与一样有名 have a discussion about就讨论one day有一天such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.s place代替；替换one of之一 look like看起来像 around the world全世界 a symbol of的象征let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.方案/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing 做怎么样be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth.尽力做某事1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一局部，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的人或物，是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物。 例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4. go on 发生，与 take place 同义I wonder what was going on. 翻译：隔壁发生了什么 1. happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.2. expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事3)expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事4)expect + 从句 预计7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house.take sth. seriously 认真对待某事动词不定式做宾语grow up成长；长大 every day每天 be sure about对有把握 make sure确信；务必sendto把送到 be able to能 the meaning of的意思different kinds of不同种类的write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与有关系 take up开始做；学着做hardly ever几乎不；很少 tooto太而不能/太以至于不能be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事