专题09非谓语动词-2年中考1年模拟备战2022年中考英语精品系列(解析版).docx

备战2022中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题09非谓语动词解读考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 直击考点1.只能接to + do的动词有：decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do .有些动词加 to do 作宾语补足语，常见的有： ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth. 2.加 to + do 的重点句型有： It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样 Would you like to? 2.后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有： 一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(have, make, let)四看(watch, see, look at, notice)半个帮助(help可以带to，也可以省略)改为被动语态时，to要复原例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week. 省略to 的情况有： 情态动词后 why not/why dont you would rather than doing (否认式not doing) 3.加 doing做非谓语的动词常考的有： enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth. 加doing的情况有： (1) 介词后 + doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等 (2) feel like + doing (喜欢做某事)/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢) (3) to作介词时的几个常用短语： look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing 既可加to do 也可以加doing，并意思相近的动词有： begin，start, like, love, hate 既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有： forget to do 忘记去做某事(事情还没有做) forget doing 忘记做过某事(事情已经做了，但是忘了) remember to do 记得去做某事(事情还没有做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (事情已经做了) regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾 stop to do 停下来去做某事(去做另外一件事情) stop doing 停止做某事 (停止正在做的事情)【名师点睛】动词不定式在句中的作用1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在顶峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3） 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1) 不定式作表语 1) 不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 2） 如果主语是不定式表示条件，表语也是不定式表示结果。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 3) 如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant (2) 动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people我们的工作是为人民效劳。 His hobby is collecting stamps他的爱好是集邮。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected (3) 分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“冲动，“快乐，而是“使冲动、“使快乐，因而现在分词应该是“令人冲动的、“令人快乐的，过去分词那么是“感到冲动的和“感到快乐的。所以，凡表示“令人的都是-ing形式，但凡表示“感到都用-ed形式。换句话说，假设人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.,假设人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到快乐-interested感到快乐的exciting令人冲动的-excited感到冲动的 delighting令人快乐的-delighted感到快乐的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担忧的-worried感到担忧的3.非谓语动词中的有关句型 1动名词作主语的句型 1Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 3) It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again真快乐又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car开这种小车是浪费。中考中出现频率较高的知识点：1.stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth. "stop to do sth." 表示停止做其它事情而去做"to do sth."所表示的事情，可以将"to do sth."理解成"stop"的目的状语；"stop doing sth."表示不做"doing sth."所表示的事情。例如： "Stop talking. Let's begin our class." said the teacher. 老师说："别说话了，让我们开始上课。2.forget to do sth.和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth.) "forget to do sth."表示将来不要忘记做某事，谈的是未来的事情；"forget doing sth."表示忘记过去应该做的事情。例如： "Don't forget to do your homework." said the teacher before the class was over. 老师在下课前说："不要忘记做家庭作业。" "I'm sorry. I forgot to do my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?" said Li Ming. 李明说："对不起，我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗，陈老师？" 3.have sth. done.过去分词让别人做某事 例如：I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。 4. 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别例如：see sb. do sth.看见某人经常做某事和see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候，我看见他正在那里画画。5. 在主动语态中，感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上to。例如：The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day. The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。6常用的几个和不定式有关的句型： Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事？ It is/was +形容词+(for sb.) +to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样。7. 介词后面一般接动名词。同学们要特别注意介词to和不定式符号to的区别，例如下面的词组一定要记清： prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做不喜欢做look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事make a contribution to doing sth. 为做出奉献8. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别A. 现在分词含有正在进行的意思，而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思，如： a developing country 开展中国家 a developed country 兴旺国家boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为100) boiled water 开水已经烧开的水，水温可以依然很高，也可以是凉白开a boy named Jim 一个叫Jim的男孩B. 有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征，但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing形式往往用来说明事物的特征；他们的-ed形式表示被动的意思，用来说明人的情况。 I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。 I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情景感动了。 They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。下面是一些常见的固定表达，请同学们牢记： 和to do 连用的固定搭配 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 be pleased /be glad to do sth.很快乐做某事 can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 can't afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 do/try one's best to do sth.尽全力做某事 do nothing to do sth. 对无能为力 deserve to do sth. 值得干某事 形容词/副词+enough to do sth. 足以做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 find + it + 形容词 +to do sth. 发现做某事get ready to do sth. 准备做某事 go on to do sth. 继续做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 improve sth. to do sth. 改善/提高某物来干某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人干某事 It's better to do sth. 干某事比拟好 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 love to do sth. 爱做某事 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 make one's mind to do sth. 下决心做某事 make a list of five ways to do sth. 列出干某事的五种方式的清单 need to do sth. 需要做某事 plan to do sth. 方案干某事 prefer to do sth.+ rather than do sth. 喜欢不喜欢refuse to do sth. 拒绝干某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 start/begin to do sth. 开始做某事 seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事 set one's mind to do sth. 一心要做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 too.to do sth. 太以致于不能try to do sth. 努力/试着去做think it necessary for sb. to do sth. 认为某人有必要干某事 teach sb. (how) to do sth. 教某人干某事 used to do sth. 过去常常干某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 would love to do sth. 很愿意做某事 would like (sb.) to do sth. 想让某人做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事 和doing 连用的固定搭配 watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人正在做stop doing sth. 停止做某事 remember doing sth. 记得已做过某事 try doing sth. 努力/试着去做like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事 go on doing sth. 继续做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 be worth doing sth. 某事值得一做 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 couldn't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人正在做某事 finish doing sth. 完成某事 feel like doing sth. 想做某事 go hiking 远足 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 have fun doing sth. 感到做某事很有乐趣 have problems doing sth. 做某事遇到了很多问题 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 hate doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 It is +形容词 +doing sth. 做某事keep on doing sth. /keep doing sth. 持续做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 make it possible by doing sth. 使做某事成为可能 prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 practise doing sth. 练习做某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 宁愿做也不做喜欢做不喜欢做stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在干某事 There be sb./sth. doing sth. 某地有某人或某物正在做某事 Thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做了某事 take an active part in doing sth. 积极参加做某事 use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事 (be used to do sth.) What about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？without doing sth. 没有干某事 work all night doing sth. 工作整晚做某事 和 do 连用的固定搭配 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过做某事 (sb. be heard to do sth.) watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做了某事 have sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事 had better + (not) do sth. 最好做不做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 (sb. be made to do sth.) Why not do sth? 为何不做某事? 2年中考2022年题组1【2022年四川省达州市中考】 Im sorry I _ my exercise book at home this morning.It doesnt matter. Dont forget _ it here this afternoon.A. left; to take B. forgot; bringing C. left; to bring D. forgot; to bring【答案】C【解析】试题分析： 对不起，我今天早晨把我的作业本落在家里了。 没关系。别忘了今天下午带来。forget忘记，后跟to do表示忘记去做；后跟-ing表示忘了做过某事；leave在这里的意思是：把某物落在某处；bring带来；take带走。应选C。考点：考查动词及非谓语动词的用法。2【2022年河北省中考】Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you. A. acceptB. to acceptC. sayD. to say 【答案】D考点：考查非谓语动词。3. 【2022年湖南省长沙市中考】It is getting cold. Would you mind_ the window? Of course not. A. closing B. to close C. closed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：天冷了。你介意欣赏窗户吗？当然不了。动名词作宾语表示抽象动作，应选A。考点：考查非谓语动词4【2022年内蒙古包头市、乌兰察布市中考】If there"s a lot of work, I'd like to keep on until it is finished. A. do B. to do C. done D. doing【答案】B试题分析：句意：如果有很多工作要做，我愿意一直坚持到做完它。动词不定式作定语表示具体的动作，应选B。考点：考查非谓语动词5. 【2022年山东省临沂市中考】Mike went to the library _ some books yesterday.A. borrow B.to borrow C. borrows D.borrowed【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：昨天麦克去图书馆借了一些书。动词不定式做目的状语表示具体的，将要进行的动作。选B。考点：考查非谓语动词6. 【2022年上海市中考】Harry has decided _ an online shop after graduating from school.A. openB. to openC. openedD. opening【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：从学校毕业之后，哈利决定开一家网店。Decide后面一般接带to的动词不定式作宾语，应选B。考点：考查非谓语动词7. 【2022年上海市中考】I wouldnt mind_a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well.A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. had【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我不介意有一个室发我们能互相帮助，也能省钱。Minddoingsth介意做某事，动名词作宾语表示抽象动作，应选A。考点：考查非谓语动词8. 【2022年四川省内江市中考】The students in this school are made_ school uniforms on Monday. A. to wear B.wearing C. wear D. worn【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：这个学校的学生被要求在星期一穿校服。Make后面一般接不带to的动词不定式，但是变为被动语态后，要把不定式符号加上，应选A。考点：考查非谓语动词2022年题组1. 【湖南益阳市2022年中考英语试题】We are too tired. Lets stop _ a rest.A. to have Bhave Chaving【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我们太累了，让我们停下来休息一下吧。Tohave动词不定式，去休息;have动词原形，having动名词形式。Have a rest是固定短语，休息一下。Stop todosth停下来去做某事，stopdoingsth停止做某事。根据句意可知，这里说的是停下来去休息，故应选A。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。2【湖南省长沙市2022年中考英语试题】 Its necessary for us _ to our parents when we have problems.  A. to talk             B. talking            C. talk【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：当我们有问题的时候，我们有必要跟我们的父母交流。Totalk去交流，是动词不定式形式；talking谈话，动名词形式，talk谈话，动词原形。这句话中使用的句型是Itis+形容词+forsb.todosth对于某人来说做某事是的。由此可知，这里应用动词不定式形式。应选A。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。3. 【2022年襄阳市初中毕业生学业水平考试英语试题】 -Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child? -Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret _that silly thing to my mum. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：-当你是个孩子的时候，你跟你的妈妈顶嘴吗?-是的，但是我现在意识到我错了。我真的懊悔对妈妈做的那些傻事。do 做，动词原形；to do动词不定式；doing 动名词；did过去式。这里使用的句型是regret doing sth.懊悔做过某事。应选C。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。4. 【贵州省安顺市2022年中考英语试题】Its too cold today. Would you mind the window? Certainly not. Go ahead.A. to closeB. closing C. close D. closed【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：-今天太冷了。你介意把窗户关上吗？-当然不介意。去关吧。mind doing，介意做某事。结合句意，应选B。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词的用法。5. 【2022年四川宜宾中考】Look! There are some birds _ in the sky. They are very beautiful.A. to flyB. flyC. flyingD. flown【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：看！有一些鸟在天空中飞翔。他们都很漂亮。Fly飞；to fly是fly的动词不定式形式； flying是fly的现在分词或动名词形式；flown是fly的过去分词形式。此题选C，现在分词短语作后置定语。【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。6. 【2022年内蒙古呼和浩特中考】 Mr. Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam. A. not to watchB. to not watch C. not watching D. doesnt watch【答案】A【考点定位】考查动词不定式的用法。A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：Sarah，跑了这么长时间的步，你最好喝些水。run跑步；runs第三人称单数形式；to run动词不定式；running现在分词。这里是介词after+动名词形式，应选D。【考点定位】：考查非谓语动词。考点归纳1. 介词+现在分词，构成介宾结构。1） spendin doing 花费做2） look forword to doing 盼望3） be/get used to doing 习惯于做4） be used for doing 被用来做5） keep on doing 继续做6） go on doing 继续做7） stopfrom doing 阻止.做preventfrom doing. keepfrom doing 8) be fond of doing 喜爱做9succeed in doing. 成功做10be successful in doing 成功做12thanks for doing 谢谢你做13prefer (doing) to doing 2. 动词+ 现在分词，构成动宾结构。1finish doing sth. 做完某事2enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣3mind doing sth. 介意做某事4be worth doing sth . 值得做某事5be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事6practice doing sth . 练习做某事7have fun doing sth . 做某事很开心8try doing sth. 尝试做某事3. 动词+名词 /代词+现在分词，构成动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构。1 keep sb. doing sth . 使某人做什么2) hear sb./sth . doing sth. 听见某人/某物正在做某事 3) have no trouble doing sth .做某事没有困难 4 have no problem doing sth . 做某事没有问题5 have (no) difficulty doing sth . 做某事没有困难 4.动词+名词 /代词+不定式，构成动词+宾语+宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语结构. 1wish sb. to do sth .希望某人去做某事2want sb . (not) to do sth.想要某人不要去做某事3ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/告诉/命令某人不要去做某事4allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事5would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事6) encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做某事7call sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事5. 动词+名词 /代词+不定式，(动词不定式省略to)构成动宾补结构.1feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 2hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事3listen to sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 4) let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 5） make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事6） look at sb. do sth.看某人做某事7） see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 6. 动词+不定式，不定式做宾语。 1） aim to do sth. 目的是做什么2） promise to do sth. 容许做某事 3） do ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去做某事 4） try to do sth. 尽力做某事 5） hope to do sth. 希望去做某事6） stop to do sth. 停止去做某事7） like to do sth. 喜欢去做某事 8） continue to do sth. 继续去做某事 9） agree to do sth. 同意去做某事10remember to do sth. 记住去做某事11forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事易错易混1. 动词作谓语和非谓语分辨不清。(1) It is very difficult for you finish the work.解析此题是考查动词不定式作主语的用法。finish在句子中不是谓语，而是谈论的主题，是真正的主语，而it是形式主语，应该用不定式，所以把finish改为to finish。(2) Eat a lot of vegetables is good for your health.解析此题考查动名词的用法，动词原形在句子中不能作主语，所以用动词不定式或者动名词作主语，所以把Eat改为Eating。(3) We have a lot of homework do today.解析此题是考查动词不定式作定语的用法，动词原形不能修饰名词homework，动词不定式可以在句子中作定语，表示“要做，所以把do改为to do。(4) We have already seen the film direct by Zhang Yimu.解析此题是考查动词的过去分词的用法。direct不是句子的谓语，因为和前面的名词是被动关系，所以用过去分词在句子中作定语，修饰前面的名词。所以把direct改为directed。(5) The machines are made work at full speed.解析此题考查动词不定式作补足语的用法。make