高考英语阅读理解专题第1讲.docx

高考英语阅读理解专题第1讲教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的根底。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？C篇科普环保类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差shockingadj. 令人震惊的；可怕的，令人厌恶的；糟糕的v. 感到震惊；震动；冲突shock的ing形式shock, shockedrecoveryn. 恢复，复原；痊愈；重获recoverleadn. 领导；铅；导线；典范vt. 领导；致使；引导；指挥vi. 领导；导致；用水砣测深adj. 带头的；最重要的leader, leadershipdie out灭绝；消失disappear , become extinctrescuevt. 营救；援救n. 营救；援救；解救save, rescuekilloff消灭destroy , extermineresult in导致，结果是come up with提出；想出；赶上painfuladj. 痛苦的；疼痛的；令人不快的pain, painlessundeadly不致命地introducevt. 介绍；引进；提出；采用introductiondie of因死，死于die from, die ofprovevt. 证明；检验；显示vi. 证明是prove to bedeal with处理；涉及；做生意manage , cope withcontainvt. 包含；控制；容纳；牵制敌军vi. 含有；自制contain, includeContainerabsorbvt. 吸收；吸引；承受；理解；使全神贯注absorb inquantityn. 量，数量；大量；总量a great quantity ofaffectvt. 影响；感染；感动；假装vi. 倾向；喜欢n. 情感；引起感情的因素effect, affectnervousadj. 神经的；紧张不安的；强健有力的nervenervous systemget nervous abilityn. 能力，能耐；才能producevt. 生产；引起；创作；生育，繁殖n. 农产品，产品vi. 生产，创作product, manufacture, production, producelead to导致；通向result inpay off付清；取得成功；贿赂；报复averagen. 平均；平均数；海损adj. 平均的；普通的；通常的vt. 算出的平均数；将平均分配；使平衡vi. 平均为；呈中间色mediam, average, mediumsurvivaln. 幸存，残存；幸存者，残存物survivormeasuren. 测量；措施；程度；尺寸vt. 测量；估量；权衡vi. 测量；估量effectiveadj. 有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的；给人深刻印象efficient, effectivevitaladj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的worthadj. 值的n. 价值；财产worth, worthyeffortn. 努力；成就长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。1. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.优*良*差*_句子分析：where引导定语从句修饰前面的Los Angeles Zoo，a chemical作EDTA的同位语，that引导定语从句修饰前面的a chemical。翻译：因此，含有高水平铅的神鹰被送到洛杉矶动物园，在那里，他们接受EDTA钙的治疗，这是一种能够在几天内把铅从血液中移除的一种化学物质。D篇教育类高频词课前检测学生的词汇量储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。单词/短语词性及词义拓展掌握情况优良差supposevt. 假设；认为；让虚拟语气；推想vi. 猜测；料想conj. 假使结果会怎样be supposed to bedevelopmentn. 开展；开发；发育；住宅小区专指由同一开发商开发的；摄 显影developdevelopment, evolutionidentityn. 身份；同一性，一致；特性；恒等式identifyextendvt. 延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予；使竭尽全力；对估价vi. 延伸；扩大；伸展；使疏开adolescencen. 青春期adolesce, adolescentshouldern. 肩，肩膀；肩部vt. 肩负，承当vi. 用肩推挤，用肩顶shoulder to shoulder responsibilityn. 责任，职责；义务respond, responsibleduty, responsibilitypreviousadj. 以前的；早先的；过早的adv. 在先；在以前decisiveadj. 决定性的；果断的，坚决的decide, decisionguidancen. 指导，引导；领导guideguidance, assistancedecaden. 十年，十年期；十connectionn. 连接；关系；人脉；连接件connectthanks to由于，幸亏thanks to, owing to, because of, due tosignificantadj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物signify, significancepromotevt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬vi. 成为王后或其他大于卒的子promote, improvesheltern. 庇护；避难所；遮盖物vt. 保护；使掩蔽vi. 躲避，避难give in v. 屈服；让步；交上explorationn. 探测；探究；踏勘explore, explorerexperimentationn. 实验；试验；实验法；实验过程experiment, experimentalinvolvevt. 包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于involve, includechallengen. 挑战；疑心vt. 向挑战；对质疑intellectualadj. 智力的；聪明的；理智的n. 知识分子；凭理智做事者intellect, intelligent, intelligenceflexibilityn. 灵活性；弹性；适应性flexiblefostervt. 培养；养育，抚育；抱希望等adj. 收养的，养育的strugglevi. 奋斗，努力；挣扎n. 努力，奋斗；竞争vt. 使劲移动；尽力使得rely on依靠，依赖to depend on , lean uponadministratorn. 管理人；行政官administerregulatevt. 调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理regulationcomplexadj. 复杂的；合成的n. 复合体；综合设施complexitycommunityn. 社区；生态 群落；共同体；团体monitorn. 监视器；监听器；监控器；显示屏；班长vt. 监控characteristicadj. 典型的；特有的；表示特性的n. 特征；特性；特色character, characterizecharacteristic, characterresponsen. 响应；反响；答复responsibleresponse, return, replyinsensitiveadj. 感觉迟钝的，对没有感觉的aggressiveadj. 侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的seek to追求；争取；力图pursue / pursuit , go afterburst out闯出来；突发；摆脱；大声喊叫conflictn. 冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执vi. 冲突，抵触；争执；战斗recognitionn. 识别；成认，认出；重视；赞誉；公认recognizetensionn. 张力，拉力；紧张，不安；电压vt. 使紧张；使拉紧pressure, strain, stress, tension长难句课前检测学生的句型储藏, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。_句子分析：during which引导定语从句，修饰前面的period。翻译：然而，现在它们大学时光正在变成一段延长的青春期，在这段时期，今天的许多学生没有承当成年人的责任感。2. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly.优*良*差*_句子分析：本句主干局部为continued connection with and dependence on family have increased significantly；in the past two decades为时间状语，thanks to cellphones, email and social media为原因状语。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的根底上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要答复下列问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要答复下列问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要答复的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧高考考试说明对读的要求为：主要考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：1. 理解归纳语篇的主旨要义；2. 获取事实性信息；3. 利用上下文推测词义；5. 理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系；6. 理解语篇的根本结构。高中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式，解题技巧和典题精析四方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人who、物what、时间when、地点where、原因cause、结果effect、文中的数据data等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2. What does the writer pay the least attention to?3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4. All of the following statements may be true/false except_.5. Which of the following is not the result of?6. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of?7. Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relationship of?8. Which of the following maps shows the right way to?9. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of whatis like?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryElectrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away解析：细节理解题。根据第三段 “Electrical lines have been killing them off.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死if they touch two lines at once. 可知，神鹰不知道停在电线上会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多被电死了，应选B。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _.2. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3. In which of the following publications出版物would this passage most likely be printed?4. The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that _.5. The writer suggests that _.6. The author probably feels that _.7. The author uses the example of to show that _.8. Whats the authors attitude toward?解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析CCalifornia Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.63. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s解析：推理判断题。根据第三段 “As they go in to rest for the night 排除 A;根据第二段 “In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild 可知，condors直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段 “more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico 可知，不止加利福尼亚有 condors,排除C，应选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成局部，考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意思往往不能仅仅停留在字面上，而要结合语境和猜词方法来综合判断。设题方式1. The word “ refers to/probably means _.2. The underlined word “ could best be replaced by _.3. What do you think the expression “ stands for?4. By saying “ we mean _.5. “ as used in the passage can best be defined as _.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “?解题技巧1. 利用指代关系来猜测代词词义2. 利用定义语来猜测词义3. 利用定语或同位语来猜测词义4. 利用文章中的举例来猜测词义5. 利用比照或比拟的词语来猜测词义6. 利用构词法知识来猜测词义7. 利用上下文语境来猜测词义8. 利用因果关系来猜测词义典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeFor previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68. The underlined word “passage in Paragraph 2 means _.A. change B. choiceC. text D. extension解析：词义猜测题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility可知，从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，应选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对段落主旨、文章主题或中心思想及文章结构的领会和理解能力，包括段落主旨题、全文主旨题、篇章结构题。设题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that _.2. The passage is mainly about _.3. The best title/headline for this passage is _.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is _.5. From the passage we can learn/conclude that _.6. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析DWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both the intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?解析：主旨大意题篇章结构题。根据第四段 “Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 中的 “equally important和第五段的“moreover可知，第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点，应选C。语篇精讲C篇浏览问题抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章题号题干及选项163. California condors attract researchers interest because they _.推理判断题A. are active at nightB. had to be bred in the wildC. are found on in CaliforniaD. almost died out in the 1980s264. Researchers have found electrical lines are _