2021-2022年收藏的精品资料专题 08 动词2年中考1年模拟备战中考英语精品系列原卷版.docx

备战2016中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题08 动词解读考点动词的定义动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。直击考点动词的分类：1 实义动词2 助动词3 系动词4 情态动词5 动词短语【名师点睛】1 实义动词实义动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分(及物动词是指后面要跟宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词)。1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整。常用结构：(1)主语及物动词宾语。如：She missed a lot of lessons.她耽误了很多课程。(2) 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语。如：He often makes his parents angry.他经常使他的父母生气。(3)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：He gave me an interesting book.他给了我一本有趣的书。2 不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需跟宾语。常用结构：主语不及物动词(状语)。如：LiHua works very hard.李华工作很努力。2 助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用。1帮助构成疑问句或否定句句式的助动词有do,does,did及其否定形式。如：Did you go home last week?上周你回家了吗？ 2 帮助构成时态的助动词有be,have,shall,will等。如：We are playing an interesting game.我们正在玩一个有趣的游戏。 3 系动词系动词亦称连系动词。本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成“系表结构”。常用结构：主语系动词表语。具体分类及用法如下：1状态系动词。状态系动词一般指be动词。如：They are always very happy.他们总是很高兴。2 持续系动词。持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。如：I hope you'll keep fit.我希望你能保持健康。3表象系动词。表象系动词表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。如：My mother seems very satisfied with my progress.妈妈对我的进步似乎很满意。4 感官系动词。感官系动词表示“起来”，主要有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来)等。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很柔软。5 变化系动词。变化系动词表示“主语变成什么样”，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run等。 如：The small town is becoming busier and busier.小镇变得越来越繁忙。 6 终止系动词。终止系动词主要有prove,turnout(结果是，证明是)等。如：My plan turned out a success.我的计划成功了。提醒有些系动词也是实义动词，可单独作谓语。如：He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。4 情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气、看法，无人称和数的变化。情态动词有自己的词汇意思，但不能独立作谓语，后须跟动词原形。使用频率较高的情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)及半情态动词have to,had better。1can和could(1)can(could)表示说话人能、可以、同意、准许，以及客观条件许可做某事。could为can的过去式。表示请求时，could比can更委婉。如：专题8 动词分类及动词短语Could I borrow your pen?我可以借你的钢笔吗？(2)can意为“能，会”时，相当于“be able to”(适用于各种时态)，can和could只能用于现在时和过去时。 如：A few months later,I'll be able to swim alone.几个月后，我将能单独游泳。(3)can't表示否定推测。如：That can't be Mr.Wang.He has gone to Beijing.那不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。2 may和mightmay和might意为“可以”，表示说话人同意、许可或请求对方许可。may也可表示祝愿。might是may的过去式，表示可能性更小、语气更加委婉。如：May I take some photos here?我可以在这儿拍些照片吗？May you be happy.祝你开心。3 must和have to4 (1)must意为“必须，一定，准是”，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。但mustn't表示“禁止，不允许”。如：He must be working in his office.他一定正在办公室工作。You mustn't smoke here.你不准在这儿吸烟。(2) must和have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观意愿；have to表示客观需要。 如： I must do my homework first.我必须首先做家庭作业。It is raining hard outside.I have to stay at home.外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。 4 need的用法5 need表示“需要，必要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句，否定形式为needn't，表示“没有必要，不必”；回答need引导的问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。此外，need还可以作实义动词。 如：Need we do some cleaning now?No,you needn't.“我们必须现在大扫除吗？”“不，你们不必。”I need to see the doctor now.我现在需要看医生。5shall和willshall主要用于第一人称，表示提建议或请求；will主要用于第二、三人称，表示征求意见或提建议。如：Shall we go out for a walk after supper?我们晚饭后出去散散步好吗？Will you go shopping with us?你要不要和我们一起去购物呢？6 should和would7 should可用于各种人称的句子，强调义务或责任；would是will的过去式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，可用于多种人称，表示意愿。 如：You should study harder.你应该更加努力学习。He said he would visit the Great Wall the next year.他说他明年将游览长城。 8 Had better9 had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式。如：You had better exercise more.你最好多锻炼。5 动词短语动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫作动词短语。动词短语主要有四类：1动词副词。常见的有give up,think over,take off,write down,put off,put on,talk back,turn off,look up,pick up等。这些词组的宾语如果是名词时，既可放在副词前面，又可放在副词之后；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词时，则要放在动词和副词中间。如： The yhave decided to put off the meeting.They have decided to put the meeting off.他们已经决定推迟会议了。Smoking is bad for your health.You must give it up.吸烟有害健康，你必须戒掉它。 2 动词介词。常见的有ask for,care about,look for,look after,look at,listen to,pay for,send for,laugh at,hear of(from),get over等。如：We shouldn't laugh at others.我们不应该嘲笑别人。 3 动词副词介词。常见的有look down up on,get on with,catch up with等。如：If you study hard,you'll catch up with your classmates.如果你努力学习，你将会赶上你的同班同学。 4 动词名词介词。常见的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to,make fun of,take pride in,take part in等。如：Please pay more attention to details.2年中考XXK2014年题组1.【2014年湖北省十堰市中考】Smart phones are more and more popular now. So they are. But they still _ too much. A. payB. cost C. takeD. spend2.【2014年江苏省扬州市中考】 - What do you think of your school, Linda? - It's a good place for us to _ ourselves for the future. A. promiseB. proveC. prepareD. present3. 【2014年江苏省南京市中考】We all know that learning a foreign language _ time and effort. A. requires B. reduces C. removes D. repeats4. 【2014年河南省中考】Choosing the right circle of the friends will _ us a lot of troubles, heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.A. save B. share C. keep D. bring5. 【2014年河北省中考】 Mom is cooking dinner. It _ so nice. A. smellsB. tastesC. feelsD. sounds 6. 【2014年贵州省黔西南州中考】The students ought to wear school uniforms when theyre at school. A. are supposed to B. are allowed to C. would like to D. love to 7. 【2014年四川省宜宾市中考】 I _ 300 for the bike. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid8. 【2014年山东省菏泽市中考】How do you like the fish I cooked for you? I havent had it yet. However, it _ good.A. smellsB. tastesC. sounds D. feels 2015年题组1. 【2015年江苏省苏州市中考英语试题】 Has Jane done the washing yet? You cannot her to do such a thing. A. wantB. hopeC. expectD. wish2【2015年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】 The running water makes the stones _ very smooth. A. soundB. tasteC. smellD. feel3. 【2015年安徽省初中毕业学业考试英语试题】 Dreams are beautiful. However, to _ them needs lots of time and work. A. discoverB. findC. achieveD. stop4.【湖北省荆州市2015年中考英语试题】What do you think of the dish I cooked for you? I havent had it yet. However, it good. A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels5. 【湖北省荆州市2015年中考英语试题】How much do you know about Taiwan, Li Fen? Taiwan and the mainland have a lot in common. They a lot of history and culture.A. support B. explain C. share D. belong6. 【湖北省武汉市2015年中考英语试题】Ill pick you up at the stop sign where 50 meters ahead the two roads _.A. fitB. meet C. face D. reach7.【2014年安徽省中考】 Mum, what are you cooking? It_ so sweet.A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells8. 【湖北省武汉市2015年中考英语试题】Ill always stand by you when you are in need.来源:Z*xx*k.Com-Its nice of you. Your support is really _ .A. appreciatedB. thanked C. helped D. depended9. 【2015年襄阳市初中毕业生学业水平考试英语试题】-Its reported that Chinese _more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat(微信). -Its true. But I think WeChat is taking too much of our time. A. spend B. cost C. pay D. take10. 【江苏省无锡市2015年中考英语试题】The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.That doesn't me at all.I'm not a net-worm, anyway.A.satisfyB.surpriseC.worryD.include考点归纳一、 连系动词考点例析 由于英语连系动词用法灵活，用途广泛，在很多情况下只有连接作用而没有具体的意义，因此，导致很多学生往往无法正确选择合适而又正确的连系动词来构建句子，说出或写出错句。因此，连系动词成为很多地方中考英语单项选择题中不可缺少的考查点。试看下列考例： 1. 【海南省2015年中考英语试题】Would you like some Wenchang Chicken? It delicious.Yes, please.Its my favorate. A. soundsB. tastes C. feels 2. 【湖南省张家界市2015年中考英语试题】The money _ real. In fact,its not.A. is B. looks C. must be二情态动词考点例析 初中英语中在主要的情态动词有can. must, may, neednt, will, would, shall, should等。情态动词的最大特点，在于它的意义灵活性：说话人可根据自己表达意思的需要，选择不同的情态动词来表达自己对某件事发生的可能性或必然性的态度。我们知道，can常用来表示能力或请求，用于否定陈述句中则表示否定推测；may表示请求与许可；must表示必须做某事，在肯定句中与连系动词be连用时，表示肯定推测；neednt常用于对含must一般疑问句作否定回答。情态动词的用法有别于我们汉语的表达方式，因此，考生容易离开考题所设情景，而主观地选择情态动词，从而造成错误。 试看下列考例： 1.【北京市2015年中考英语试题】 Jack, _ you ride a bike? Yes, I can. A.can B.may C.need D.must 2. 【海南省2015年中考英语试题】Mr. Zhou cant find his ID card anywhere. It be lost.A. cant B. should C. must 3. 【河北省2015年中考英语试题】There's an important football match today. I _ miss it.A. mayB. can'tC. must D. needn't易错易混1. used to do sth.；be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth.的区别 辨析：used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事. e.g. I used to get up at six in the mornin be used to doing.表示习惯做某事，to 后的动词用-ing形式e.g. I'm used to getting up early. be used to do sth. 指被用来做什么。 e.g. Pens are used to write. 2.arrive, get 和reach的区别 辨析：arrive in +大地点，arrive at+小地点，get to+地点名词，reach是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。 e.g. When did you arrive in Beijing? We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon。 3.borrow , lend和keep的区别 borrow"借"，为终止性动词，表示主语"借入"某物，常用短语borrow sth. from sb. lend"借"，为终止性动词，表示主语"借出"某物，常用短语lend sth. to sb. keep "保存，借"，为持续性动词，表示"长时间地借" e.g. I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. Could you lend your pen to me? How long can we keep the book? 4.dress, put on, 和wear的区别 dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb.up打扮某人 ；put on 穿上，戴上，表动作； wear 穿着，戴着，表状态；与"be in"同义 e.g. The boy dressed himself quickly. The lady dressed herself up and went to the party. Jim put on his coat and went out. Lily is wearing a red skirt today. 5.see, look, watch, read 来源:学|科|网see 看见，表结果； look看，表动作，不及物动词，后面需加介词at才可能跟宾语。 watch 看（比赛，电视）；read 看书，报，表示阅读 e.g. I can see an apple on the table. Look, there is a kite flying in the sky. Watching TV too much is bad for your health. Don't read books in the sun. 6.bring, take, carry bring意为"拿来，带来"，表示"拿到靠说话人近的地方"； take意为"拿走，带走"，表示"拿到远离说话人远的地方"； carry 意为"扛，搬"，用力移动，没有方向性， e.g. Please take the books to the classroom. Remember to bring your home work to school tomorrow. The bag is very heavy, please carry it to my office. 7.die, dead, death,和dying的区别 Die 意为"死"，是不及物动词，非延续性动词；Dead 意为"死的"，是形容词，表状态； Death 意为"死"，是名词；Dying意为"垂死的，要死的"，是形容词。 e.g. Her grandfather died last year. Her grandfather has been dead for two years. His death was a great loss to China. The poor old man was dying. 8. speak, say, talk 和tell 的区别 speak 作为及物动词表示语言的名词或只在会议上发言；say 常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容； talk 是不及物动词，常跟介词 to 或with，意为"同某人谈话"，也表示具有说话的能力； tell 意为"告诉"并常与story连用，意为"讲故事" 9.spend，take，pay，cost这几个词都有“花费”意思，从主语来看，take,cost的主语是物； 而pay,spend主语是人。 Spend 只花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;Cost 物做主语，意为"值多少钱" Take 可用固定句型表示花费时间、金钱，其结构为：It +takes+时间/金钱+to do sth, Pay 与介词for 连用 10.look for，find，find out Look for，find两个词都有找的意思。Look for强调寻找的过程，find强调寻找的结果。find out的意思是“弄清楚，查明”，多指通过观察，探索而发现原因事实等。例： I am looking for my pen,but I cant find it. Go and find out where the train leaves. 11.lose，forget，leave Lose意为"丢失，失去"；Forget"忘记"后可跟不定式和动名词 Leave sth. +地点"把某物落在某处"He left his schoolbag in the school bus this moring. 12.think of, think about, think over Think of "想到"；Think about "考虑"宾语it或them置后 Think over "仔细考虑"，宾语it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题。 13.Join，take part in，attend 三个词都表示"参加"Join 一般指加入"党派"或组织, 如参军，入党等 Take part in 只参加聚会活动；Attend 一般指出席会议 14.happen ,take place 1). take place 表示发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排，例如： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. (2) .happen作发生、碰巧解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如： What happened to you? (一般不说：What did you happen?) I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. 15. hear 与 listen听 hear 是瞬间行为动词，指听见某人说话或者做事发出的声音，即听的结果（指已听见了）。 Listen 指有意识的去听，即听的过程，是延续性不及物动词，常用Listen to(doing) sth.。比较： I listened hard, but could hear nothing.我努力听，但什么也没听见。 温馨提示： hear of, hear about, hear from, hear that 1 .hear of(=hear about)指 (间接地)听说、听到，宾语可用名词、代词、动名词及what从句。如：I heard of (about)the news.我听说过此消息。 2. hear from 指收到来信。(=get 或receive a letter from)如: I hear from him every month. 我每月都收到他的信。 16. wish和hope的区别 wish 有 sb. wish to do sth./wish sb. to do/wish+ that 从句 而hope：hope to do sth./hope+that 从句/没有hope sb. to do sth.(这个常考的） hope用作动词时，后面可接不定式或that从句，但不能接宾语+不定式。如： We hope to see you again（= We hope we can see you again） I hope you can help me with my maths （不能说 I hope you to help me with my maths） 注意：I wish I could fly like a bird 但愿我能象鸟一样飞。（从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现，不能用can。） wish可表示良好的祝愿，后面接宾语+宾补（形容词或名词）。而hope不能这样用。如： I wish you happy祝你幸福。（不用hope） I wish you a pleasant journey祝你旅途愉快。（不用hope）解题技能中考近年主要考查连系动词be，feel，look，taste，smell等用法；及物动词和不及物动词的用法；助动词 do/does/did和have/has的用法；情态动词的用法。纵观2014年全国各地中考英语试题中的单项选择题中的动词类考题，可以分为以下几个大的方面：第一、 连系动词、情态动词的用法；第二，动词的时态；第三，动词的语态；第四，动词非谓语形式的用法；第五，近义词的辨析与句义选词。1年模拟 1. 【山东省济南市】 You should say sorry to your father for the mistake you made, Tom. I dont _ to meet his eyes. What if he gets angry with me?A. need B. have C. dare D. refuse2.【山东省文登市大水泊中学】May I _your CD player?Certainly, but you cant _it to others.A. borrow; keep B. lend; keepC. keep; borrow D. borrow; lend3.【江苏省镇江市区】In Hongkong Disneyland, the children under 1.2 metres go into any district. A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. mightnt4.【北京市朝阳区】 May I put my car here? No, you _. Put it over there, please.A. mustnt B. needntC. shouldntD. wouldnt5.【山东省聊城文轩中学】Smart phones are more and more popular now. So they are. But they still _ too much. A. payB. cost C. takeD. spend